2016 Vol. 22, No. 2

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APPLICATION OF THE TRINITY PROSPECTING MODEL IN GOLD EXPLORATION: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE BAWANGGOU GOLD DEPOSIT IN HANYIN, SHAANXI
JIA Feng-yi, ZHAO Yong-hui, YANG Ben-zhao
2016, 22(2): 185-198.
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Abstract:
Using the trinity prospecting model which study the metallogenic geological processes to determine the metallogenic geological bodies, study the metallogenic structure to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of ore bodies and study the ore forming fluid to determine the direction of ore prospecting, the prospecting forecast of the Bawanggou gold deposit in hanyin, shaanxi was researched. It is concluded that the large brittle ductile shear zone is the main deformation structure of the ore-forming geological body in the mining area. And the main metallogenic structures are the transition and the superimposed places of the ductile-brittle shear zone. The metallogenic structural plane is mainly the S-C foliation. The characteristic indication of mineralization is the formation of biotite phenocryst sericite quartz schist and sandstone or siliceous rocks. By using the prospecting prediction results, we predict the favorable metallogenic area and put forward suggestions for the exploration work in the Bawanggou gold deposit which is a major breakthrough in prospecting achievements. It indicates that the trinity prospecting model is of great guiding significance for the development of the mineral exploration work.
THE ORE STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND THE ORE-FORMING MATERIAL SOURCE OF THE SHADONGGOU MERCURY ANTIMONY DEPOSIT IN XUNYANG, SHAANXI
ZHAO Xin-ke, CAO Lin-jie, SHEN Yu-ke, LI Wei-song, MA Yun-feng, LIU Ya-li, WANG Xiao-hu, SUN Jian, LIU Li-min
2016, 22(2): 199-211.
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The mercury antimony ore body of the Shadonggou ore field in Xunyang, Shaanxi is controlled jointly by the fold structure (anticline) and fracture structure. Through studying the ore controlling structures, the tectonic sequence of the ore-rich space and the combination characteristics of structural plane, the metallogenic model of "anticline+one knife" has been established and completed. The ore-forming fluid and rare earth analysis show that the metallogenic material may be from the deep crust. The existing exploration engineering and prospecting results show that this ore concentration area has great prospecting potential.
THE GEOLOGICAL FEATURES AND ORE-CONTROLLING FACTORS OF THE LIUSHUPING GOLD AND ZINC ORE DEPOSITS IN LUEYANG, SHAANXI PROVINCE
CHEN Jian-xiang, YUAN Pan, WANG Chang-chun, WEI Dong, TIAN Xi-an, LIU Yang
2016, 22(2): 212-222.
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The Liushuping gold and zinc ore deposits, located in Lueyang, Shannxi province, belongs to carbonate-type ore deposit in the "Mian-Lue-Ning" triangle zone. Through field investigation and analysis of geological data, the geological characteristics of ore deposit, the main ore-controlling geological factors and metallogenic conditions are studied. It shows that the mineralization is controlled by multiple factors of stratum, geologic structure and magmatite, and the ore bodies are hosted in Sinian carbonate of Duantouya formation and Jiudaoguai formation which are rich in gold, lead, zinc and other metals. The structural fracture zone developed along the north and south wings of Jiudaoguai syncline in the lndosinan-Yanshanian stage controls the spatial distribution of the ore bodies. The small intermediate-acid hypabyssal rock body in Yanshanian is also the important ore-controlling factor which has strong activating effect and enrichment on the elements such as gold, zinc and lead. We systematically summarize that the Liushuping gold and zinc deposit belongs to the sediment controlling-tectonic hydrothermal type, which has a good potential in polymetallic ore resources.
PRESENT SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT TENDENCY OF METALLOGENIC PREDICTION
LIU Lin, RUI Hui-chao
2016, 22(2): 223-231.
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Based on the summarization and generalization of the metallogenic prediction development process, we illuminated the related theory and the commonly used methods of metallogenic prediction as well as the orebody location prediction research. We discussed the development trends of metallogenic prediction from four different aspects, with aim to provide some useful advises and references for prediction of mineralization.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ORE CONTROLLING STRUCTURE AND DEEP MINERALIZATION PROGNOSIS OF THE Q240 VEIN IN XIAOQINLING GOLD FIELD
HAN Fang, BAI He, WANG He-ping, WEN Yue-gui, ZHANG Huan-huan, HAN Xin
2016, 22(2): 232-244.
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The research on structure and mineralization alteration of Q240 vein in Xiaoqinling gold deposit indicates that the vein undergoes multi-stage tectonic activity transformation. In the early stage, structural belt undergone mainly left-lateral brittle ductile shear deformation, and developed NW-trending quartz vein with the structure lineation plunging toward SW. Mineralization of the vein was characterized by the rich pyrite with a strip distribution. While the later right-lateral brittle ductile shear deformation formed the NEE-trending pyrite quartz vein. By analyzing the change characteristics of three orebodies in the plane, we know that the vein is constructed by multi-superimposed tectonic hydrothermal activity and the main structure is associated with the left-lateral shear deformation, and later suffered the right-lateral deformation. The NEE-trending structure plane forms a space for mineralization. Combined with stress environment, ore control regularity and orebody lateral characteristics, we get that the ore body appear equidistant regularity in the strike and dip based on the structure alteration. According to the research, we predict three mineralization targets in the deep of Q240 vein.
STUDY ON ORE-CONTROLLING FACTORS AND MINE EXPLORATION PROPOSAL OF THE GOLD ORE FIELD IN NORTH HANYIN, SOUTH QINLING
GAO Ya-ning, YANG Xing-ke, YANG Long-wei, HAN Ke
2016, 22(2): 245-255.
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Taking Huanglong, Changgou and Jindoupo gold ore areas located in Northern Hanyin ore field, Southern Qinling as the typical study area, through the large-scale tectonic lithofacies mapping, measuring geologic section and complex map compilation, the ore-controlling factors of this ore-field has eventually been acquired which would provide the directions of gold exploration based on previous research results. Comprehensive analysis shows that gold mineralization of this field is bound up with Silurian Meiziya Group stratum, and the brittle-plastic shear zone restricts the spatial distribution of gold deposits, and the locations of the ore bodies are decided by the secondary faults. S2 structural foliation obviously controls the gold mineralization, and the thermometamorphism which develops biotite and garnet porphyroblasts can cause the gold element to reactivate. And in the late stage it is the retrograde metamorphism period during which the temperature is very available for the form of gold deposits. Therefore the gold exploration in this area should be focus on the brittle-plastic shear zones in the future, especially the positions of those connection of different rock layer, the region near the secondary faults, and the scopes where biotite and garnet porphyroblasts massively appear. Meanwhile the direction of gold seeking should follow the main spatial distribution direction of S2 foliation.
THE CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF THE NATURAL GAS IN THE WEIHE BASIN AND ITS PROSPECTING POTENTIAL
LIU Lin, RUI Hui-chao, CHEN Bao-yun
2016, 22(2): 256-268.
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According to the analysis results of gas samples from the geothermal well, the investigation well of oil and helium in the Weihe Basin, we find that all kinds of drills contain gas with helium prevalently, combining the results of geology and latest geophysical prospecting in recent years. And these gas could be divided into helium-rich gases and helium-poor gases based on the content of methane and helium. The results of geology, latest geophysical prospecting and geothermal well also support that the upper Paleozoic strata exits in the Weihe Bsain and insidious granite is not discovered. The regional tectonic evolution illustrates that the faults around the Weihe Basin and regional faults formed contemporaneously, and the formation of the Weihe Basin is the part of regional evolution, which settles mainly in Cenozoic era. Therefore, the former conclusions such as the Weihe Basin begins to form in the Eocene, there is no upper Paleozoic strata with coal in the basement, and the source rock of gas is bearing-uranium granite in the basement and the Qinling orogenic belt, should be further studied and explored. Compared with Ordos Basin, we find that the upper Paleozoic strata with coal in the basement could be the source rock of gas and the Gamma anomaly strata could be the source of helium, which provides evidence to reappraise the resource prospect of helium in the Weihe Basin.
STUDY ON THE Q173 VEIN IN XIAOQINLING GOLD FIELD WITH THE METHOD OF STRUCTURE-ALTERATION-GEOCHEMISTRY PROSPECTING PREDICTION
ZHANG Huan-huan, BAI He, WANG He-ping, WEN Yue-gui, HAN Fang, YANG You-wang, MU Pei-ji
2016, 22(2): 269-284.
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In this paper we use the comprehensive method of structure-alteration-structural superimposed halo to research the prospecting prediction of the Q173 vein in Xiaoqinling gold field, and we come to the following understanding that the controlling fracture of the Q173 vein mainly experienced three tectonic movements. In early mineralization compressoshear structure is the dextral shear deformation, and during the mineralization stage it first experiences brittle transtensional tectonic deformation of right lateral thrust and then undergoes a composite overlay of the NE-trending extensional tectonic, and eventually forms multi-metal quartz veins. Tectonic activity is not obvious in late mineralization stage with some normal faults and no obvious superimposed mineralization enrichment. Through studying the structural ore-controlling regularity, the ore body is considered to the west side. The wall rock alteration shows that the alteration assemblage closely related to gold mineralization is pyritization-silicification-sericitization. The anomalous characteristics of the structural superimposed halo in the deep indicate that the blind ore body is present. According to the research results with the comprehensive prospecting forecast method, there exists mineralization and enrichment areas in the west of Q173 vein below 1070 m elevation that can be verified by engineering someday.
THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF SHUANGWANG GOLD-BEARING BRECCIA BELT AND THE PROSPECTING TARGET PREDICTION
MIN Quan-shou, ZHU De-peng, GUO Jun, LU Zheng-yan
2016, 22(2): 285-293.
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Based on the previous geological data and the practical geological conditions of the deposit, the formation mechanism of the gold-bearing breccia belt in Shuangwang region, Taibai is deducted, which show that the formation of shuangwang gold-bearing breccia is a combination of geological structure and hydrothermal cryptoexplosion. In addition, the gold-bearing feature of breccia in different stages and the different types of pyrite, as well as the gold mineralization enrichment regularity are studied and summarized. Eventually the prospecting target of the next step is predicted in the shuangwang gold deposit.
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND METALLOGENIC AGE OF THE EAST ORE BELT IN BAIYANGPING POLYMETALLIC ORE CONCENTRATION AREA
WANG Xiao-hu, SONG Yu-cai, ZHANG Hong-rui, LIU Ying-chao, PAN Xiao-fei, GUO Tao
2016, 22(2): 294-309.
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By studying the C, O and Sr isotopic characteristics of calcites in ore-forming stage, the S and Pb isotopic characteristics of sulfides, and the Sm-Nd dating of calcite in mineralization period, we discussed the ore genesis of the east belt in Baiyangping ore concentration area. Test results show that the δ13CPDB values of calcite range from -4.0‰ to -2.3‰ with the average of -0.2‰, the δ18OPDB values range from -27.2‰ to 20.4 ‰ with the average of -14.1‰, the δ18OSMOW values range from 2.9‰ to 24.4‰ with the average of 16.4‰, and the Sr isotopic values of calcite are between 0.707669 and 0.710115 with the average of 0.709320. The δ34SV-CDT values of sulfides distribute in the range of -20.2 ‰ to 1.3 ‰ with the average of about -8.8‰, and the δ34SV-CDT values of celestine distribute in the range of 17.1‰ to 19.4‰ with the average of about 18.0‰. The Pb isotope test results yield 206Pb/204Pb values of 18.553~18.857, 207Pb/204Pb values of 15.501~15.826 and 208Pb/204Pb values of 38.54~39.456, and the Sm-Nd isochron age of calcite in mineralization stage is 29.5±1.7 Ma. The results indicate a homogeneous carbon source in the east ore belt, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata. The ore-forming fluids are from formation water and precipitate water, which are belonged to the basin brine fluid system. The sulfur is from organic thermal chemical sulfate reduction in the early mineralization stage and biological sulfate reduction in the late mineralization stage. And the metal mineralization material is from sedimentary strata and basement. The dating results show that the Pb-Zn mineralization of the east ore belt occurred at 29.5±1.7 Ma ago, which is consistent with the constrainted geological age.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RARE EARTH AND TRACE ELEMENTS OF STIBNITE FROM THE BIJIASHAN ANTIMONY DEPOSIT, SOUTHWEST YUNNAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR ORE GENESIS
XIAO Chang-hao, LI Gong-jian, LIU Huan, LIANG Kun
2016, 22(2): 310-324.
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Taking the Bijiashan antimony deposit as the research object, we reveal the source and nature of ore-forming fluid using ICP-MS analysis of stibnite based on the fine dissection of ore deposits. The REE patterns of stibnite show enrichment of LREE with the intense fractionation, with obvious Tb and Dy positive anomaly and Eu positive anomaly, which is similar with the REE patterns of the Himalayan alkali-rich porphyry. Furthermore, the characteristics of strongly Sr and Ba positive anomaly in the trace element of stibnite, is consistent with that of the Himalayan alkali-rich porphyry. The Y/Ho ratios of stibnite increase along with the increase of altitude and degree of oxidation. The Y/Ho ratios of stibnite with high degree of oxidation is similar with the Y/Ho ratios of sea water and the Y/Ho ratios of stibnite with low degree of oxidation is similar with the Y/Ho ratios of the Lianhuashan alkali-rich porphyry, which suggests that ore-forming fluid may be from the mixture of magmas and atmospheric water and that is also supported by H-O isotope study. Isotope analysis reveals that Pb is from multiple sources and S of stibnite is a mixture of biological sulfur and magmatic sulfur. Results display that the deposit controlled by interformational fracture zone is an epithermal deposit which formed in distal volcanic settings.
H-O-S-Pb ISOTOPIC COMPONENTS OF THE LIANGSHAN MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT IN XINYU, JIANGXI PROVINCE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORE FORMING PROCESS
WU Jun-jie, CHEN Zheng-le, FU Lei, PAN Jia-yong, HAN Feng-bin, SHEN Tao
2016, 22(2): 325-337.
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On the basis of predecessors' research results, We study the geological characteristics of the Liangshan molybdenum deposit in Jiangxi province and test H-O-S-Pb isotopic components of the molybdenum stone samples in quartz vein systematically, and then discusse the metallogenic fluid properties as well as the source of ore-forming materials of the molybdenum deposit. The δD of the ore-forming fluids are between -61‰~-57.9‰, with the average of -59.1‰; and the δ18OV-SMOW of the ore-forming fluid are between 7.1‰~10.5‰, with the average of 9.2‰; and the δ18OH2O of the ore-foring fluids are between -3.32‰~-0.52‰, with the average of -1.52‰, which indicate that the ore-forming fluid has the characteristics of magmatic water and meteoric water mixed fluid. The δ34SV-CDT of the sulfide mineral are between -1.8‰~2.6‰, with the range of 4.4‰ and the average of 1.12‰, of which the δ34SV-CDT of the pyrite are between -1.8‰~2.6‰ and the δ34SV-CDT of the molybdenite are between 0.8‰~2.3‰. The sulfur isotope values are smaller positive which show the characteristics of typical magmatic sulfur. The values of 206Pb/204Pb of the ore samples are between 17.555~19.474, and the values of 207Pb/204Pb are between 15.486~ 15.768, as well as the values of 208Pb/204Pb are between 37.942~39.943, with the μ values of 9.35~9.7 and the ω values of 37.06~38.31, as well as the Th/U values of 3.8~3.96, which indicate the ore are rich in mixed lead, and the ore-forming material sources are mixed. The Liangshan molybdenum ore should belong to the magmatic hydrothermal type and quartz vein type deposit, which is a product of the metal mineralization outbreak during the intraplate tectonic evolution of south China plate in Mesozoic.
STUDY ON THE FLUID INCLUSION PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF BOLONG PORPHYRY COPPER-GOLD DEPOSIT IN TIBET
HUO Yan, LI Dan
2016, 22(2): 338-345.
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Using Linkam THNSG600 dating and calculating by experience formulas, this paper discusses the fluid inclusion characteristics of Bolong porthyry copper-gold deposit in Tibet, which is beneficial to the migration of the main ore-forming element Cu, and the metallogenic process includes four periods: magma-advanced stage, magnetite-molybdenite period, chalcopyrite-pyrite period and anhydrite-pyrite period. It shows that the type of fluid inclusion is mainly the three-phases inclusion including NaCl and metal sulfide daughter minerals. The ore-forming fluid forms in high temperature (232~549 ℃) and low pressure (1.40×105~234.41×105 Pa), with high salinity (28.65~52.16wt% NaCl) and middle-high density (1.0683~1.1598 g/cm3). Along with the metallogenic process, the fluid fugacity and activity gradually reduce in each stages, while the values of pH and Eh increase. The element Cu mainly exits in the form of Cu(H2S)(HS)2-, which shows that Cu is easier to mineralization in high tempreture and acidic fluids.
GENETIC TYPES OF THE FRACTURE AND ITS CONTROL ON HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION IN BOZHONG SAG
WANG Guan-min, XIONG Zhou-hai, ZHANG Jian, ZHOU Dong-hong, LIN Guo-song
2016, 22(2): 346-356.
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Based on numerous seismic interpretations to Bozhong sag, the study classifies the fracture of Neogene and Paleogene into four types in terms of the process of faults development. They are extinct fracture, inheritance fracture, inheritance-reformed fracture, and new fracture. Combined with the current statistics of reservoir, the analysis shows that each type has a different effect on the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Extinct fracture developed from Paleogene to early Neogene is normal fault formed by extensional effect and has few reservoirs. Inheritance fracture is sustained extensional normal fault from early Paleogene to late Neogene. It plays a major role in the vertical transporting oil and gas and a supporting role for hydrocarbon accumulation. Inheritance-reformed fracture controlled by extensional effect in Paleogene and shearing action in Neogene is not only conducive to transport oil and gas, but also conducive to hydrocarbon accumulation. New fracture developed by strong shearing effect in Neogene is more favorable to accumulate oil and gas when accompanying with inheritance fracture or inheritance-reformed fracture.
FORECAST OF LOWER ORDER FAULTS IN COMPLEX FAULT BLOCK RESERVOIRS BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TECTONIC STRESS FIELD: TAKING M AREA IN NANPU SAG AS AN EXAMPLE
SHANG Lin, LIU Xiao-han, WU Hai-tao, MA Xiao-li, ZOU Juan
2016, 22(2): 357-365.
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The tectonic stress field of Guantao formation is simulated based on the confirmation of development period and tectonic setting about lower order faults. According to the failure criterion of rock, the favorable development regions of the lower order faults are analyzed through the minor principal stress, the favorable directions are discussed by the plane shear stress, and the tendencies are analyzed by the vertical shear stress. The activity of the third faults in M Area of Nanpu Sag presents obvious segment and generation: The middle part of the above studied region is the main region of the lower order faults owing to the coefficient of the regional NS extension and the regional camber stress by paroxysmal eruption, the east part develops a set of nearly NE-trending lower fault, the west part develops a set of nearly NW-trending fault, and the apparent dip mainly presents north tendency.
APPLICATION OF SPOT-6 AND THE UAV AERIAL TECHNOLOGY IN QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND TECTONIC MAPPING: TAKING THE 1:50000 MAPPING PILOT OF THE HULESITAI AREA, INNER MONGOLIA AS AN EXAMPLE
YE Meng-ni, ZHANG Xu-jiao, YE Pei-sheng, FU Lian-zhen, WU Ze-qun, JIA Li-yun, HE Xiang-li
2016, 22(2): 366-378.
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Through choosing the SPOT-6 data, on the basis of pre-proceeding images of the Hulesitai area, Inner Mongolia, including Ortho-rectification, registration and sharpness, we initially established Quaternary strata and the neotectonic activity symbols for remote sensing interpretation of mapping area according to the image characteristics of different geological bodies and field investigation. Combined with field geological survey, we investigated and analyzed the origin and distribution of sediments, the geomorphological features and zoning, active tectonic movement etc. in the study area. And through the UAV aerial flight data in 2015, we identified the neotectonics, active tectonics and initially determine the activity characteristics. The study show that high precision of remote sensing technology and UAV technology in Quaternary geological mapping in plain area has unique advantages, which is contributed to the rapid identification of Quaternary sedimentary types and the relative timing, and determine precisely the spatial position of the main fracture and the activity characteristics in the area. It increases the efficiency of mapping work and makes up for the limitations of surface survey.

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