松嫩平原东部WKZK01钻孔第四纪地层岩性特征及环境地质意义

陈阳阳; 杨柯; 于俊博; 张起鹏; 杨志伟; 乔绍忠; 刘佳城; 刘学; 王晨晨

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023149

松嫩平原东部WKZK01钻孔第四纪地层岩性特征及环境地质意义

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023149

陈阳阳^{1, 2, 3,},
杨柯^{1, 3, 4, ,},
于俊博^{1, 3},
张起鹏^{1, 3},
杨志伟^{1, 3},
乔绍忠^{1, 3},
刘佳城^{1, 3},
刘学^{1, 3},
王晨晨^{1, 3}

1.
中国地质调查局哈尔滨自然资源综合调查中心，黑龙江哈尔滨 150086
2.
中国地质调查局东北地质科技创新中心，辽宁沈阳 110000
3.
自然资源部哈尔滨黑土地地球关键带野外科学观测研究站，黑龙江哈尔滨 150086
4.
中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所，河北廊坊 065000

基金项目: 中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20242396，DD20211589，DD20240008）；中国地质调查局东北地质科技创新中心区创基金项目（QCJJ2023-31）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈阳阳（1990—），男，硕士，工程师，主要从事第四纪地质与环境演变研究。Email：chenyangyang@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者:
杨柯（1980—），男，博士，正高级工程师，主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email：yke@mail.cgs.gov.cn

中图分类号: P534.63
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-09
- 修回日期: 2024-10-18
- 录用日期: 2024-10-24
- 预出版日期: 2024-11-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-27

Quaternary strata lithological characteristics and environmental geological significance of borehole WKZK01 in the eastern Songnen Plain

CHEN Yangyang^{1, 2, 3
,},
YANG Ke^{1, 3, 4
, ,},
YU Junbo^{1, 3},
ZHANG Qipeng^{1, 3},
YANG Zhiwei^{1, 3},
QIAO Shaozhong^{1, 3},
LIU Jiacheng^{1, 3},
LIU Xue^{1, 3},
WANG Chenchen^{1, 3}

1.
Harbin Center for Integrated Natural Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
2.
Northeast Geologica S & T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China
3.
Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone in Black Soil, Harbin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
4.
Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China

Funds: This research is financially supported by the Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey (Grants No. DD20242396, DD20211589 and DD20240008) and Funding Project of Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey (Grant No. QCJJ2023-31).

摘要

摘要: 松嫩平原东部第四纪地层特征研究对于了解区域气候变化和沉积环境演化具有重要意义。然而，目前关于该区的第四纪地层研究较少，从而限制了对该区气候环境变化机理的理解。文章选择松嫩平原东部望奎WKZK01钻孔岩芯为研究对象，在岩性特征分析的基础上，利用光释光、孢粉和粒度等测试方法，对比分析哈尔滨荒山剖面的相关成果，对钻孔第四纪地层划分及所反映的沉积环境进行了探讨。将望奎县第四纪地层由老至新划分为：中更新统荒山组、中更新统哈尔滨组、上更新统顾乡屯组，无全新统坦途组。钻孔揭露荒山组厚13.05 m，为湖泊相，孢粉带I−1记录了中更新世早期凉干气候；哈尔滨组厚24.05 m，为湖泊相，孢粉带I−2记录了中更新世晚期凉湿气候；顾乡屯组厚15.6 m，为河流相，孢粉带II记录了晚更新世冷湿气候。望奎WKZK01钻孔岩芯记录了松嫩古大湖周边面积较小的湖泊由湖心到湖滨最后消亡形成河流的环境演化过程。
- 古环境 /
- 古气候 /
- 光释光 /
- 粒度 /
- 孢粉 /
- 松嫩平原
Abstract: Objective Study of the Quaternary stratigraphical characteristics of the eastern Songnen Plain is of particular importance for gaining an understanding of regional climate change and the evolution of sedimentary environments. To data, however, there has been comparatively little research focusing on the Quaternary strata in this area, which has accordingly limited our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying changes in the regional climate and environment. Methods In this study we focused on the borehole WKZK01 in the eastern Songnen Plain. On the basis of lithological characteristic analysis, we obtained dating, sedimentary environment evolution, and climatic evolution information using optically stimulated luminescence, palynology, and laser grain size analytical methods, and based on comparisons with the results obtained from a typical Huangshan section, Harbin, we discuss the Quaternary stratigraphy of the borehole and the sedimentary environments it reflects. Results The Quaternary strata in Wangkui county are divided from old to new as follows: the middle Pleistocene Huangshan Formation, the middle Pleistocene Harbin Formation, and the upper Pleistocene Guxiangtun Formation, with an absence of a Holocene Tantu Formation. The Huangshan Formation is 13.05 m thick, with a median grain size (Md) ranging from 7.77 μm to 11.84 μm, and an average value of 9.62 μm. Pollen zone I-1 is dominated by xerophytic herbaceous pollen, with small amounts of mixed coniferous and broadleaf woody plant pollen, although lacks pollen derived from hydrophilic herbaceous plant. The Harbin Formation is 24.05 m thick, with a median grain size (Md) ranging from 9.67 μm to 14.98 μm, and an average value of 11.74 μm. Pollen zone I-2 is still dominated by xerophytic herbaceous pollen, with that derived from mixed coniferous and broadleaf woody plants as the secondary component, and the appearance of hydrophilic herbaceous plant pollen. The Guxiangtun Formation is 15.6 m thick, with a median grain size (Md) ranging from 11.61 μm to 19.91 μm, and an average value of 14.12 μm. Compared with the earlier stages, pollen zone II has a less abundant pollen content, although is characterized by an increase in hydrophilic herbaceous pollen, and a marked decline in the content of pollen derived from xerophytic woody and herbaceous plants. Conclusion The Huangshan Formation represents lacustrine deposits, with pollen zone I-1 providing evidence of a cool and dry climate during the early Middle Pleistocene. The Harbin Formation also comprises lacustrine deposits, with the pollen record in zone I-2 indicating a cool and humid climate during the late Middle Pleistocene. The Guxiangtun Formation comprises fluvial deposits, with pollen zone II recording a cold and wet climate during the Late Pleistocene. Significance The borehole WKZK01 provides a record of the environmental evolution of a small lake adjacent to the large Songnen paleolake, revealing a transition from the lake center to the margin and eventually disappearing with the formation of rivers.
- paleoenvironment /
- paleoclimate /
- optically stimulated luminescence /
- grain size /
- pollen /
- Songnen Plain

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图 1 松嫩平原东部钻孔WKZK01区域概况图与岩性柱状图

a—区域概况图；b—WKZK01钻孔岩性柱状图

Figure 1. General map and lithological histogram of borehole WKZK01 in the eastern Songnen Plain

(a) General map; (b) Lithological histogram of borehole WKZK01

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图 2 松嫩平原东部WKZK01钻孔岩性三角图

Figure 2. Lithological triangle map of borehole WKZK01 in the eastern Songnen Plain

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图 3 WKZK01钻孔岩芯孢粉百分比含量图谱

Figure 3. Spore-pollen percentage map of borehole WKZK01

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图 4 WKZK01钻孔粒度参数及不同粒级含量变化曲线

Figure 4. Variation curves of grain size parameters and contents of different grades in borehole WKZK01

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图 5 WKZK01钻孔顾乡屯组、哈尔滨组和荒山组地层样品的粒度参数散点图、C−M图

a—偏度−平均粒径散点图；b—标准偏差−平均粒径散点图；c—峰度−平均粒径散点图；d—C−M图

Figure 5. Grain size parameters of formation samples from the Guxiangtun, Harbin and Huangshan Formations in borehole WKZK01

(a) Skewness-mean scatter plot; (b) Standard deviation-mean scatter plot; (c) Kurtosis-mean scatter plot; (d) C(First percentile)-M(Median) plot

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图 6 WKZK01钻孔岩芯粒度参数特征及其与哈尔滨荒山剖面粒度特征对比

Figure 6. Grain size parameter characteristics of borehole WKZK01 and comparison with the grain size characteristics of the Huangshan section in Harbin

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表 1 钻孔WKZK01钻孔分层及岩性特征

Table 1. Lithological and stratigraphical characteristics of borehole WKZK01

层号	层顶深度/m	层底深度/m	层厚/m	岩性特征
1	0	0.6	0.6	粉砂，棕黑色，团粒状结构，略为紧实，略为湿润，少量孔隙，少量根系
2	0.6	1.0	0.4	砂质粉砂，灰黑色，团粒状结构，略为紧实，略为湿润，少量孔隙，少量根系
3	1.0	7.8	6.8	粉砂，暗棕色，少量孔隙，少量根系，含铁染锈斑；2.7~6.5 m处为灰黄色，未见铁锰结核，颜色较为单一；6.5~7.4 m处为黄褐色；其中，6.5~6.8 m处为暗棕色，6.8~7.0处为黄褐色，含铁锰结核与锈斑，往下铁锰结核减少，颜色略带青灰色，反映氧化−还原环境
4	7.8	8.2	0.4	黏土质粉砂，棕黑色，块状结构，略为湿润，略为紧实
5	8.2	15.6	9.4	粉砂，黄褐色，少见铁锰结核与锈斑；该层从上往下颜色由深变浅。11.7~13.1 m处为棕黑色，见较多铁锰结核；该地层与上覆地层颜色界限较为清楚，可能为古土壤层；13.1~15.6 m处为暗棕色，块状结构，略为紧实，略为湿润；该地层较上覆地层颜色偏浅，但变化不明显
6	15.6	17.6	2.0	粉砂，暗棕色与棕黑色条带相间分布，块状结构，略为紧实，略为湿润
7	17.6	18.4	0.8	黏土质粉砂，黄褐色，块状结构，略为紧实，略为湿润，见少量红褐色铁结核
8	18.4	19.0	0.6	粉砂，黄褐色，见少量红褐色铁结核
9	19.0	19.6	0.6	黏土质粉砂，黄褐色，块状结构，略为紧实，略为湿润，见少量红褐色铁结核
10	19.6	20.2	0.6	粉砂，黄褐色，含黑色锰结核；该层与上覆地层区别为含较多黑色锰结核，见少量红褐色铁结核
11	20.2	20.8	0.6	黏土质粉砂，该层与上覆地层区别为含较多黑色锰结核，见少量红褐色铁结核
12	20.8	27.0	6.2	粉砂，黄褐色，含黑色锰结核；23.1~23.4 m处为棕黑色，可能为古土壤，往下颜色逐渐过渡变化
13	27.0	28.2	1.2	黏土质粉砂，黄褐色，含黑色锰结核；该层含较多黑色斑点状锰结核，见少量红褐色铁结核
14	28.2	39.6	11.4	粉砂，黄褐色，块状结构，紧实，略为湿润，含较多黑色斑点状锰结核；38.1~38.7 m处颜色偏暗，为棕黑色，发育灰白色斑点状、角砾状钙盐粉末，基质为灰黑色网纹状填充
15	39.6	40.2	0.6	黏土质粉砂，暗棕色，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育
16	40.2	40.6	0.4	粉砂，暗棕色，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，40.2~40.4 m颜色偏暗，微细层理较为发育
17	40.6	41.0	0.4	黏土质粉砂，暗棕色，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育
18	41.0	42.8	1.8	粉砂，暗棕色，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育
19	42.8	43.2	0.4	黏土质粉砂，暗棕色，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育
20	43.2	43.6	0.4	粉砂，暗棕色，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育
21	43.6	50.0	6.4	黏土质粉砂，暗棕色，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育；47.2~47.4 m处颜色偏暗，为棕黑色，发育灰白色斑点状、角砾状钙盐粉末，基质为灰黑色网纹状填充
22	50.0	50.6	0.6	粉砂，暗棕色，块状结构。含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育；底部50.3~50.6 m处颜色偏暗，为棕黑色
23	50.6	51.4	0.8	黏土质粉砂，暗棕色，块状结构，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育；底部颜色偏暗，为棕黑色，发育灰白色斑点状、角砾状钙盐粉末，基质为灰黑色网纹状填充
24	51.4	52.2	0.8	粉砂，暗棕色，块状结构，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育
25	52.2	52.7	0.5	黏土质粉砂，暗棕色，含黑色斑点状锰结核和红褐色铁结核，微细层理较为发育；底部颜色偏暗，为棕黑色，发育灰白色斑点状、角砾状钙盐粉末，基质为灰黑色网纹状填充

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表 2 WKZK01钻孔光释光测年样品信息及测年数据

Table 2. Sample information and dating data of optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) of borehole WKZK01

样品编号	埋深/m	U/（μg/g）	Th/（μg/g）	K/%	等效剂量/Gy	误差/Gy	年剂量/ （Gy/ka）	含水量/%	年龄/ka
WKZK01−1	2.33	1.68	8.32	1.85	183.81	7.90	2.82	24.91	65.2±2.8
WKZK01−2	5.08	1.22	7.25	1.90	199.13	6.13	2.51	28.66	79.5±2.4
WKZK01−3	8.84	1.31	7.17	1.61	215.21	9.27	2.50	17.80	86.0±3.7
WKZK01−4	12.19	1.43	6.01	1.96	236.06	12.77	2.60	22.52	90.7±4.9

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