An intracontinental extensional full-temperature metallogenic model: its application to prospecting breakthroughs in the Shuikoushan ore field

WANG Jionghui

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2026126

Volume 32 Issue 5

Oct. 2026

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WANG J H，2026. An intracontinental extensional full-temperature metallogenic model: its application to prospecting breakthroughs in the Shuikoushan ore field[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，32（5）：1242−1264 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2026126

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An intracontinental extensional full-temperature metallogenic model: its application to prospecting breakthroughs in the Shuikoushan ore field

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2026126

WANG Jionghui^{1, 2
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1.
Minmetals Exploration and Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100010, China
2.
China Minmetals Corporation, Beijing 100010, China

Funds: The research was financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2025ZD1008106) and the Key Special Project for Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs in the Whole-Industry-Chain Development of Rare Metal Mineral Resources (Tungsten, Antimony, Bismuth and Beryllium) of the National Technology Innovation Center for Efficient Development of Strategic Rare Metal Minerals (Grant Nos. GC2026KJ010001 and GC2026KJ010002).

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Author Bio:
王炯辉，研究员，博士生导师。2025年荣获第十九次李四光地质科学奖野外奖。原中国五矿股份有限公司副总经理、五矿勘查开发有限公司董事长；现任中国五矿首席技术专家、中国矿业联合会副会长，矿产储量国际报告标准委员会中国观察员，深地国家科技重大专项专家组委员。长期从事资源勘查开发与新技术矿产研究利用等工作，创造地质找矿新机制“泥河模式”和“嵩县模式”，创新陆内伸展环境全温度域成矿模式，在多座百年老矿山边深部连续取得找矿重大突破，累计发现15座大型—超大型矿床；首创“新技术矿产”战略体系，整合勘探出全球单体最大的云山石墨矿，致力于找矿、产业、新技术融合创新，建成行业产能最大的绿色智能石墨矿山。先后在EPSL、GSAB等权威期刊发表学术论文60余篇（其中SCI 22篇，EI 3篇），出版专著1部，授权发明专利37项。个人荣获省部级科学技术奖一等奖2项、二等奖7项，国家重点研发计划首席科学家，享受国务院政府特殊津贴，获全国劳动模范荣誉称号
Received: 2026-09-01
Revised: 2026-09-24
Accepted: 2026-09-24

Available Online: 2026-09-24

Published: 2026-10-28

Abstract

Abstract

Objective The central Nanling metallogenic belt is a representative region of intracontinental magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization in South China. Large Pb–Zn–Fe–Cu–Au–Ag deposits are concentrated in this belt, with the Shuikoushan ore field as a prominent example. However, after more than a century of mining, shallow resources are becoming increasingly depleted, and the identification of replacement resources at depth has become increasingly challenging. Methods This study systematically analyzes metal sources, ore-controlling factors, temperature-dependent hydrothermal zonation, mineralization styles, and metal associations as well as their spatiotemporal relationships across the material, structural, thermal, and metallogenic domains. Results The material domain reveals that magmas derived from different crustal levels and having undergone different degrees of differentiation carry distinct metal inventories. Highly differentiated S- and A-type granites are enriched in W, Sn, Li, Be, Nb, and Ta, whereas weakly differentiated and oxidized I-type granodiorites are enriched in Fe, Cu, Au, Pb, and Zn. The structural domain shows that the intersections of deep faults and reversed folds, together with the calcareous–siliceous interfaces, serve as the principal conduits and traps for ore-forming fluids. The thermal domain indicates that ore-forming metals are unloaded sequentially with decreasing temperature away from the intrusion. W, Sn, Mo, and Bi precipitate in the high-temperature proximal zone, together with Fe and Cu in the medium-to-high-temperature zone, Pb, Zn, and Au in the medium-temperature zone, and Au and Ag in the low-temperature distal zone. The metallogenic domain integrates these three domains into a coherent framework, which can be summarized as one center, two structures, three systems, and multiple metals. This framework explains why distinct mineralization styles are superimposed within a single ore field. Conclusions On this basis,an intracontinental extensional full-temperature metallogenic model is established. This model emphasizes that magmas from different crustal levels and with variable differentiation were collectively emplaced at the intersections of deep faults and reversed folds. They successively formed high-temperature Li-Be-Nb-Ta pegmatite-greisen (400~600 °C), medium-to-high temperature W–Sn–Fe–Cu skarn-porphyry (250~550 °C), medium-temperature Pb–Zn skarn (200~450 °C), medium-to-low-temperature hydrothermal Pb–Zn–Au–Ag veins (150~350 °C), and epithermal Au–Ag (100~300 °C) mineralization. Distinct metallogenic systems can overlap at the same period. The application of this model to the Shuikoushan ore field achieved three prospecting breakthroughs. First, an IV-3 orebody cluster was newly identified east of the F₂₂ fault in the Kangjiawan mining area, guided by the "anticline + N faults" model. Second, high-temperature Cu–Au mineralization was identified at depth in the overturned limb of the Kangjiawan structure, based on the understanding that concealed intrusions can independently develop mineralization across the full temperature range. Third, skarn-type Cu–Fe orebodies and indications of porphyry-type Cu–Au mineralization were identified at depth in the Laoyachao–Yagongtang area, guided by the concept that mineralization in different temperature domains can serve as mutual prospecting indicators. Significance These results suggest that South China still holds extensive exploration potential for nonferrous and rare metals. The intracontinental extensional full-temperature metallogenic model can provide new exploration strategies and target directions within mature mining districts.
- intracontinental extension,
- full-temperature metallogenesis,
- Nanling,
- Shuikoushan,
- prospecting breakthrough

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