Research on high-precision one-dimensional geomechanical modeling of shale oil reservoirs
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摘要: 页岩油储层甜点段纵向变化快、具有厘米级薄互层和层理发育的特征，且各向异性强。传统各向同性模型难以满足精细的地质力学建模与表征，给油气藏改造与压裂方案设计等带来了挑战。地质力学是实现复杂地质特征油气田效益开发的关键。为了获得高精度一维地质力学模型，开展了页岩油储层各向异性室内实验，同时结合测井数据进行一维地质力学建模，分析地质力学特征。结果表明：通过各向异性实验研究，系统获得了页岩各向异性岩石力学参数；基于实验结果及各向异性模型，由声波测井资料等构建了沿地层深度方向的各向异性刚度矩阵，从而获得杨氏模量、泊松比各向异性表征以及抗压强度等力学参数。根据声波密度曲线确定研究区块的卸载特征，使用Bowers卸载理论计算孔隙压力，并通过现场模块化动态地层测试数据进行校准。在此基础上，结合高精度各向异性岩石力学模型和孔隙压力，采用各向异性弹性模型求取了更高精度的两向水平主应力，进而构建了高精度的一维各向异性地质力学模型，精度较各向同性模型大幅提高。该模型通过了井史资料等现场数据的验证，揭示了沿井筒的各向异性地质力学参数及原位地应力展布特点。研究成果为油气地质工程一体化提供了基础，为油气藏的改造与压裂方案设计提供了理论依据与技术支撑。Abstract:
Objective The sweet spot intervals of shale oil reservoirs exhibit rapid vertical variations, are characterized by centimeter-scale thin interbeds and well-developed bedding planes, and possess strong anisotropy. Traditional isotropic models are therefore inadequate for detailed geomechanical modeling and characterization, posing significant challenges for reservoir stimulation and hydraulic fracturing design. Methods Geomechanics is key to the cost-effective development of oil and gas reservoirs with complex geological features. To establish a high-precision 1D geomechanical model, anisotropy experiments on shale oil reservoirs were conducted in the laboratory, perform 1D geomechanical modeling using well log data to analyze geomechanical characteristics. Results Systematically obtaining the anisotropic rock mechanical parameters of shale. Based on the rock mechanics experimental results and the anisotropic model, the depth-wise anisotropic stiffness matrix of the formation was derived from acoustic logging data, thereby obtaining anisotropic characterizations of mechanical parameters such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and compressive strength. Based on the acoustic-density log curves, the unloading characteristics of the study block were identified. Pore pressure was calculated using the Bowers unloading theory and calibrated with field Modular Formation Dynamics Tester data. By integrating a high-precision anisotropic rock mechanics model with pore pressure data, a higher-accuracy two-way horizontal principal stress field was derived using an anisotropic elastic model. This enabled the construction of a high-precision 1D anisotropic geomechanical model, demonstrating significantly improved accuracy compared to the isotropic model. Conclusions This study established an anisotropic 1D geomechanical modeling workflow, which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for oil and gas reservoir stimulation and fracturing program design. Systematic laboratory experimental studies on shale oil reservoir anisotropy were conducted to obtain the anisotropic rock mechanical parameters of the shale. These parameters were used to provide anisotropic rock mechanical data for the 1D geomechanical modeling. Based on the high-precision anisotropic rock mechanical model and pore pressure, the anisotropic elastic model was employed to determine the two-way horizontal principal stress with higher accuracy. The precision was significantly improved by approximately 7% compared to the isotropic model. The model was validated against field data such as well history records, revealing the distribution characteristics of anisotropic geomechanical parameters and in-situ stress along the wellbore. [ Significance ] The research findings serve as a foundational basis for the integration of Geo-engineering Integration, providing theoretical guidance and technical support for reservoir stimulation and hydraulic fracturing design. -
Key words:
- shale oil reservoir /
- rock mechanics /
- geomechanical /
- anisotropic /
- 1-D geomechanical modeling
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图 1 波速各向异性实验测量及结果图
a—超声波测试实验示意图；b—样品波速测量示意图；c—纵、横波波速各向异性统计图
Figure 1. Experimental measurement and result diagram of wave velocity anisotropy
(a) Schematicof ultrasonic velocity testing ; (b) Schematic of wave velocity measurement of experimental samples; (c) Statistical chart of longitudinal and transverse wave velocity anisotropy
图 2 动、静态杨氏模量及泊松比转换关系图
a—横向动、静态杨氏模量转换关系；b—纵向动、静态杨氏模量转换关系；c—横向动、静态泊松比转换关系；d—纵向动、静态泊松比转换关系
Figure 2. Conversion relationship between dynamic and static Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio
(a) Conversion relationship between dynamic and static Young's modulus in the horizontal direction; (b) Conversion relationship between dynamic and static Young's modulus in the vertical direction; (c) Conversion relationship between dynamic and static Poisson's ratio in the horizontal direction; (d) Conversion relationship between dynamic and static Poisson's ratio in the vertical direction
图 3 声发射实验结果
a—0°样品声发射实验结果；b—45°样品声发射实验结果；c—90°样品声发射实验结果
Figure 3. Acoustic emission test results
(a) Acoustic emission results for 0° specimen; (b) Acoustic emission results for 45° specimen; (c) Acoustic emission results for 90° specimen specimen
图 5 地质力学典型参数校核图
a—岩石力学参数； b—地层孔隙压力； c—研究区块典型井小压测试
Figure 5. Verification diagram of typical geomechanical parameters
(a) Rock mechanics parameter; (b) Formation pore pressure; (c) Mini-frac test of a typical well in the study area
图 6 典型井的一维地质力学模型及井壁稳定性分析
Figure 6. One-dimensional geomechanical model and wellbore stability analysis for a typical well
表 1 基于声发射Kaiser效应的地应力测试实验结果表
Table 1. Table of experimental results for in-situ stress measurement using acoustic emission kaiser effect
取样方向 Kaiser点对应的
应力值/ MPa最大水平主
应力/MPa最小水平主
应力/ MPa0° 21.00 51.13 49.07 45° 18.00 90° 19.20 
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表 2 计算孔隙压力与实测孔隙压力对比结果
Table 2. Comparison between calculated pore pressure and measured pore pressure
深度/m 孔隙压力/MPa 实测孔隙压力/MPa 误差分析/% 2799.80 33.56 32.16 4.33 2799.90 32.54 32.16 1.17 2800.00 31.71 32.16 1.41 2800.10 30.85 32.16 4.08 2801.00 31.71 32.17 1.42 2801.10 33.29 32.17 3.49
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