Research on high-precision one-dimensional geomechanical modeling of shale oil reservoirs
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摘要: 页岩油储层甜点段纵向变化快，具有厘米级薄互层和层理发育的特征，且各向异性强。传统各向同性模型难以满足精细的地质力学建模与表征需求，给油气藏改造与压裂方案设计等带来了挑战。地质力学是实现复杂地质特征油气田效益开发的关键。为了获得高精度一维地质力学模型，开展了页岩油储层各向异性室内实验，同时结合测井数据进行一维地质力学建模，分析地质力学特征。通过各向异性实验，系统获得了页岩各向异性岩石力学参数。基于实验结果及各向异性模型，利用声波测井资料等构建了沿地层深度方向的各向异性刚度矩阵，获得了杨氏模量、泊松比的各向异性表征及抗压强度等力学参数。根据声波、密度曲线确定了研究区块的卸载特征，采用Bowers卸载理论计算孔隙压力，并通过现场模块化动态地层测试数据进行校准。在此基础上，结合高精度各向异性岩石力学模型和孔隙压力，应用各向异性弹性模型求取了更高精度的两向水平主应力，最终构建了高精度的一维各向异性地质力学模型，其精度较各向同性模型大幅提高。该模型通过了井史资料等现场数据的验证，揭示了沿井筒的各向异性地质力学参数及原位地应力展布特点。研究成果为油气地质−工程一体化奠定了基础，并为油气藏的改造与压裂方案设计提供了理论依据与技术支撑。Abstract:
Objective The sweet spot intervals of shale oil reservoirs exhibit rapid vertical variations, centimeter-scale thin interbeds, well-developed bedding planes and strong anisotropy. Therefore, traditional isotropic models are inadequate for detailed geomechanical modeling and characterization, posing significant challenges for reservoir stimulation and hydraulic fracturing design. Methods Geomechanics is key to the cost-effective development of oil and gas reservoirs with complex geological features. To establish a high-precision 1D geomechanical model, anisotropy experiments were conducted on shale oil reservoirs in the laboratory, and well log data were then used to extract geomechanical parameters for subsequent modeling. Results The anisotropic rock mechanical parameters of shale were systematically obtained. Based on the rock mechanics experimental results and the anisotropic model, the depth-wise anisotropic stiffness matrix of the formation was derived from acoustic logging data, yielding anisotropic characterizations of mechanical parameters such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and compressive strength. Based on the acoustic-density log curves, the unloading characteristics of the study block were identified. Pore pressure was calculated using the Bowers unloading theory and calibrated with field Modular Formation Dynamics Tester data. By integrating a high-precision anisotropic rock mechanics model with pore pressure data, a higher-accuracy two-way horizontal principal stress field was derived using an anisotropic elastic model. This enabled the construction of a high-precision 1D anisotropic geomechanical model, which demonstrated significantly improved accuracy compared to the isotropic model. Conclusions This study established an anisotropic 1D geomechanical modeling workflow that provides a theoretical basis and technical support for reservoir stimulation and fracturing program design. The model's precision was improved by approximately 7% compared to the isotropic model. Validation against field data (e.g., well history records) revealed the distribution characteristics of anisotropic geomechanical parameters and in-situ stress along the wellbore. [ Significance ] The research findings serve as a foundational basis for geo-engineering integration, providing theoretical guidance and technical support for reservoir stimulation and hydraulic fracturing design. -
Key words:
- shale oil reservoir /
- rock mechanics /
- geomechanics /
- anisotropic /
- 1D geomechanical modeling
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图 1 波速各向异性实验测量及结果图
a—超声波测试实验示意图；b—样品波速测量示意图；c—纵、横波波速各向异性统计图
Figure 1. Experimental measurement results of wave velocity anisotropy
(a) Schematic of ultrasonic velocity testing; (b) Schematic of wave velocity measurement of samples; (c) Statistical chart of P-wave and S-wave velocity anisotropy
图 2 动、静态杨氏模量及泊松比转换关系图
a—横向动、静态杨氏模量转换关系；b—纵向动、静态杨氏模量转换关系；c—横向动、静态泊松比转换关系；d—纵向动、静态泊松比转换关系
Figure 2. Dynamic-static conversion of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio
(a) Horizontal dynamic-static Young's modulus conversion; (b) Vertical dynamic-static Young's modulus conversion; (c) Horizontal dynamic-static Poisson's ratio conversion; (d) Vertical dynamic-static Poisson's ratio conversion
图 3 声发射实验结果
黄色方框为Kaiser效应点a—0°样品声发射实验结果；b—45°样品声发射实验结果；c—90°样品声发射实验结果
Figure 3. Acoustic emission test results
(a) Acoustic emission results for 0° sample; (b) Acoustic emission results for 45° sample; (c) Acoustic emission results for 90° sample The yellow rectangles mark the Kaiser Effect Point.
图 5 地质力学典型参数校核图
a—岩石力学参数； b—地层孔隙压力； c—研究区块典型井小压测试
Figure 5. Verification diagram of typical geomechanical parameters
(a) Rock mechanical parameters; (b) Formation pore pressure; (c) Mini-frac test of a typical well in the study area
图 6 典型井的一维地质力学模型及井壁稳定性分析
Figure 6. 1D geomechanical model and wellbore stability analysis for a typical well
表 1 基于声发射Kaiser效应的地应力测试实验结果表
Table 1. Experimental results for in-situ stress measurement using the acoustic emission kaiser effect
取样方向 Kaiser点对应的
应力值/ MPa最大水平主
应力/MPa最小水平主
应力/ MPa0° 21.00 51.13 49.07 45° 18.00 90° 19.20 
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表 2 计算孔隙压力与实测孔隙压力对比结果
Table 2. Comparison of calculated and measured pore pressure
深度/m 孔隙压力/MPa 实测孔隙压力/MPa 误差分析/% 2799.80 33.56 32.16 4.33 2799.90 32.54 32.16 1.17 2800.00 31.71 32.16 1.41 2800.10 30.85 32.16 4.08 2801.00 31.71 32.17 1.42 2801.10 33.29 32.17 3.49
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