Abstract: Shale gas is an important unconventional natural gas resource in China with huge resource potential. Deep shale gas reservoirs generally have special geological characteristics such as low porosity and low permeability, strong abrasiveness, high temperature and high pressure. During drilling, they often face technical problems such as wellbore instability, long horizontal section friction, and large torque. Low friction drilling fluid technology has become the key to safe and efficient drilling in deep shale gas reservoirs. Based on the follow-up investigation of the current situation of shale gas exploration and development in the world, this paper analyzes the evaluation index of drilling fluid lubricity and its drag reduction mechanism, including lubrication film formation, rolling friction, wettability regulation and other multiple mechanisms. The lubrication performance and research progress of various low friction drilling fluid systems such as water-based and oil-based drilling fluid systems are systematically reviewed. It is proposed that in the future, it is necessary to continue to strengthen the research and development of new high-performance drilling fluid lubricants, promote the intelligent and green transformation of drilling fluid systems, and promote the multi-objective coordination of technologies such as lubrication and wellbore stability to meet the challenges of complex formations. It provides strong technical support for the safe and efficient development of global shale gas and the increase of deep oil and gas reserves.