DEVONIAN MAGMATISM IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE NORTH CHINA BLOCK AND ITS TECTONIC SETTING
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摘要: 晚古生代—早中生代岩浆岩广泛分布在华北地块北缘，构成了沿华北地块北缘呈近东—西向分布的上千公里的岩浆岩带。泥盆纪岩浆岩作为其中的组成部分，虽然分布范围不及石炭—二叠纪岩浆岩广泛，但近十多年来随着研究工作的深入，越来越多的泥盆纪岩浆岩被发现，其构造背景及意义也逐渐引起重视。对华北地块北缘近年来发现的泥盆纪岩浆活动进行总结分析表明，泥盆纪岩浆活动时限在400~360 Ma左右，其中碱性侵入岩和基性—超基性侵入岩时代主要集中在400~380 Ma之间，沿华北地块北缘自东向西均有分布；火山岩则主要集中在400 Ma和360 Ma，主要分布在华北北缘东段的赤峰地区。泥盆纪侵入岩在岩石组合上以碱性杂岩及碱性花岗岩为主，其次为二长闪长岩、基性—超基性杂岩。泥盆纪火山岩则以变质流纹质火山岩—次火山岩—火山碎屑岩及变质玄武安山岩、玄武岩（斜长角闪岩）为主，总体上具有双峰式岩石组合特征。综合研究该地区构造演化历史及泥盆纪岩石组合、弱构造变形特征、岩石地球化学与同位素地球化学组成等，认为泥盆纪岩浆活动的形成与白乃庙岛弧和华北地块在晚志留世发生弧—陆碰撞后的伸展背景有关。华北北缘泥盆纪岩浆岩带的形成对于认识古生代期间地壳增生过程、方式及古亚洲洋最终闭合时间有重要科学意义。Abstract: Late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic magmatic rocks are widespread along the northern margin of the North China Block and constitute an east-west belt that is about one thousand kilometers long. As a part of the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic magmatic belt, the distribution of the Devonian magmatic rocks is not common as that of the Carboniferous-Permian magmatic rocks. However, in recent years, more and more Devonian magmatic rocks have been identified and their geological background and tectonic implications have been much more attractive than before. Our research in combined with previously published results indicate that the Devonian magantism along the northern North China Block occurred mainly during 400~360 Ma. Among them the Devonian alkaline intrusive rocks and mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks are distributed along the northern North China Block from Guyang to Chifeng areas and their emplacement occurred mainly during 400~380 Ma. The Devonian volcanic rocks are mainly distributed in Chifeng area in the eastern part of the northern North China Block and their eruption occurred during two peaks at 400 Ma and 360 Ma, respectively. The Devonian intrusive rocks consist mainly of monzonite, syenite and alkaline granite with minor monzodiorite and mafic-ultramafic rocks. The Devonian volcanic rocks are composed mainly of metamorphic rhyolitic rocks and metamorphic basaltic andesite, metabasalt (plagioclase amphibolite) and exhibit characteristics of bimodal volcanic rocks. Rock association, weak deformation fabrics, and geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Devonian magmatic rocks, as well as the tectonic evolution history suggest that formation of the Devonian magmatic rocks in the northern North China Block is related to post-collisional extension after arc-continental collision between the Bainaimiao arc and the northern North China Craton during the latest Silurian. The Devonian magmatic rocks identified from the northern North China Block in recent years are of great significance to better understand the continental crustal growth of the northern margin of North China Block during late Paleozoic period and timing for final closure of the Paleo-Asian ocean.
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图 2 华北地块北缘泥盆纪侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄分布直方图
Figure 2. Histogram of zircon U-Pb ages of the Devonian intrusive rocks in the northern margin of the North China Block
表 1 华北地块北缘泥盆纪岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄汇总表
Table 1. Summary of zircon U-Pb ages of the Devonian magmatic rocks in the northern margin of the North China Block
样品号 纬度 经度 产地 岩性 年龄/Ma 测试方法 数据来源 侵入岩 07169-1 40°56′17″ 110°32′54″ 白菜沟 二长岩 395±3 LA-ICP-MS [19] 16240-1 40°56′47″ 110°32′48″ 白菜沟 二长花岗岩 402±2 LA-ICP-MS [19] 16243-1 40°55′55″ 110°34′47″ 白菜沟 二长花岗岩 402±2 LA-ICP-MS [19] 16245-1 40°55′44″ 110°34′46″ 白菜沟 二长花岗岩 399±3 LA-ICP-MS [19] P17JD1-7 — — 高家村 角闪正长岩 390±5 TIMS [20] N741 41°01′34″ 110°31′05″ 高家村 角闪正长岩 399±7 SHRIMP [20] 08587-1 41°02′35″ 110°25′17″ 高家村 角闪正长岩 396±2 LA-ICP-MS [19] JN07-19 — — 三道沟 石英正长岩 409±2 LA-ICP-MS [21] JN08-01 — — 三道沟 辉石正长岩 408±4 LA-ICP-MS [21] 07052-1 41°33′23″ 112°53′30″ 三道沟 辉石正长岩 401±2 LA-ICP-MS [19] 16206-1 41°32′59″ 112°57′42″ 三道沟 二长岩 401±1 LA-ICP-MS [19] 16206-2 41°32′59″ 112°57′42″ 三道沟 辉长岩 399±1 LA-ICP-MS [19] 16206-3 41°32′59″ 112°57′42″ 三道沟 辉石岩 398±2 LA-ICP-MS [19] NM96 — — 乌兰哈达 石英二长岩 382±4 SHRIMP [22] 07053-1 41°35′49″ 113°08′18″ 乌兰哈达 二长岩 381±2 LA-ICP-MS [19] 16200-1 41°35′33″ 113°10′28″ 乌兰哈达 二长岩 379±1 LA-ICP-MS [19] 16200-2 41°35′33″ 113°10′28″ 乌兰哈达 辉长岩 377±1 LA-ICP-MS [19] 16200-3 41°35′33″ 113°10′28″ 乌兰哈达 辉石岩 381±5 LA-ICP-MS [19] DP-4 — — 水泉沟 石英二长岩 390±6 SHRIMP [23] HG-1 — — 水泉沟 正长岩 386±7 SHRIMP [23] H-1 — — 下哈叭沁 异剥钙榴岩 396±5 SHRIMP [26] D485 41°10′17″ 117°15′58″ 红石砬 辉石岩 393±4 LA-ICP-MS [25] D486 41°10′13″ 117°15′52″ 红石砬 辉石岩 381±7 SHRIMP [25] D488 41°10′03″ 117°16′11″ 红石砬 辉石岩 388±2 LA-ICP-MS [25] D500 41°08′18″ 117°38′15″ 二道沟 角闪岩 395±11 SHRIMP [25] D496-1 41°09′17″ 117°43′02″ 下哈叭沁 异剥钙榴岩 392±5 SHRIMP [25] XT24-1 41°13′32″ 117°46′24″ 龙王庙 角闪岩 382±10 LA-ICP-MS [27] XT24-2 41°13′44″ 117°46′25″ 龙王庙 单斜辉石岩 399±4 LA-ICP-MS [27] D055-1 41°12′09″ 117°48′04″ 孤山 二长闪长岩 390±5 SHRIMP [24] 2006MHS — — 红山 正长花岗岩 387±4 SHRIMP [28] 15054-1 42°18′03″ 118°58′25″ 红山 正长花岗岩 388±3 LA-ICP-MS [19] X5 42°20′02″ 119°03′45″ 红庙子 正长花岗岩 392±2 LA-ICP-MS [29] 15057-1 42°20′03″ 119°03′45″ 红庙子 正长花岗岩 391±4 LA-ICP-MS [19] BN101 42°24′53″ 119°06′43″ 鸡冠山 正长花岗斑岩 377±2 LA-ICP-MS [29] 15062-1 42°24′35″ 119°06′46″ 鸡冠山 正长花岗斑岩 393±3 LA-ICP-MS [19] 06C205 — — 车户沟 正长花岗岩 376±3 LA-ICP-MS [30] B14 — — 车户沟 正长花岗岩 373±6 SIMS [31] B231 — — 车户沟 二长花岗岩 385±4 SIMS [31] 火山岩 YSH04-1 — — 八当山 流纹质凝灰岩 404±1 LA-ICP-MS [33] 07D013-1 42°34′09″ 119°41′53″ 赤峰莲花山 流纹质凝灰岩 366±2 LA-ICP-MS [38] 07D014-1 42°34′13″ 119°42′02″ 赤峰莲花山 流纹质凝灰岩 364±2 LA-ICP-MS [38] P1TW3 42°10′30″ 121°20′40″ 朝吐沟 变质流纹岩 360±1 LA-ICP-MS [39] P2TW1 42°15′30″ 121°23′40″ 朝吐沟 变质流纹岩 359±1 LA-ICP-MS [39] 
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表 2 华北地块北缘泥盆纪岩浆岩Sr-Nd同位素汇总表
Table 2. Summary of Sr-Nd isotopes of the Devonian magmatic rocks in the northern margin of the North China Block
样品号 岩石类型 年龄/Ma (87Sr/86Sr)i εNd(T) TDM(Ga) 数据来源 白菜沟 07169-1 二长岩 395 0.705094 -18.9 2.42 [19] 高家村 N0741 角闪正长岩 399 0.706067 -14.4 2.08 [20] N0741-1 角闪正长岩 399 0.706208 -14.9 2.15 [20] 08586-1 二长岩 396 0.705530 -14.3 2.15 [19] 08587-1 角闪正长岩 396 0.705592 -14.4 2.12 [19] 三道沟 JN07-3 石英正长岩 409 0.705473 -16.2 2.05 [21] JN07-8 二长岩 409 0.706155 -12.9 2.75 [21] JN07-9 二长岩 409 0.707445 -12.7 2.40 [21] JN07-18 石英正长岩 409 0.705391 -16.1 2.69 [21] JN07-19 石英正长岩 409 0.705261 -16.9 3.18 [21] JN07-23 辉石正长岩 409 0.706142 -15.1 2.14 [21] JN07-25 辉石正长岩 409 0.706267 -15.1 2.12 [21] JN07-52 辉石正长岩 409 0.706979 -17.5 2.30 [21] JN07-53 辉石正长岩 409 0.707056 -17.9 2.27 [21] 07049-1 辉石正长岩 401 0.706906 -17.7 2.27 [19] 07051-1 辉石正长岩 401 0.706237 -15.3 2.18 [19] 07052-1 辉石正长岩 401 0.706728 -16.9 2.21 [19] 16206-1 二长岩 401 0.707733 -9.3 1.36 [19] 16206-2 辉长岩 399 0.707848 -10.6 1.70 [19] 16206-3 辉石岩 398 0.707888 -10.6 1.94 [19] 乌兰哈达 NM98 石英二长岩 382 0.707623 -12.1 1.84 [22] NM99 石英二长岩 382 0.708084 -12.8 2.08 [22] NM101-2 石英二长岩 382 0.707680 -12.3 1.90 [22] 07053-1 二长岩 381 0.707713 -11.8 2.06 [19] 16200-1 二长岩 379 0.707664 -10.7 1.93 [19] 16200-2 辉长岩 377 0.707517 -10.5 1.96 [19] 16200-3 辉石岩 381 0.707717 -10.6 1.97 [19] 16201-1 石英二长岩 381 0.707788 -12.2 2.01 [19] 16201-2 辉长岩 381 0.707803 -10.9 1.92 [19] 16201-3 辉石岩 381 0.707916 -11.8 2.21 [19] 水泉沟 115 角闪辉石岩 390 0.705185 -6.2 1.62 [40] 114 暗色正长岩 390 0.704890 -7.3 1.80 [40] 106 暗色正长岩 390 0.705450 -17.0 2.02 [40] T18 淡色正长岩 390 0.705171 -9.3 2.10 [40] T19 淡色正长岩 390 0.705204 -9.2 1.98 [40] N45 淡色正长岩 390 0.705076 -9.5 1.86 [40] N69 淡色正长岩 390 0.705274 -9.1 1.72 [40] N44 淡色正长岩 390 0.705186 -10.7 2.62 [40] N27 淡色正长岩 390 0.705158 -9.0 2.62 [40] N43 淡色正长岩 390 0.704944 -10.3 3.00 [40] N46 淡色正长岩 390 0.704860 -11.8 2.91 [40] 80-1 淡色正长岩 390 0.705003 -10.6 2.26 [40] 84 淡色正长岩 390 0.705204 -10.9 1.65 [40] 80-2 白岗岩 390 0.704179 -13.2 2.55 [40] 81 白岗岩 390 0.702233 -12.3 1.92 [40] 82 白岗岩 390 0.702722 -13.1 2.03 [40] 孤山 D055-1 二长闪长岩 390 0.704885 -7.5 1.79 [24] D058-1 二长闪长岩 390 0.705053 -9.5 1.88 [24] 车户沟 CG11 正长花岗岩 376 0.709981 -21.2 2.16 [41] CG12 正长花岗岩 376 0.710974 -21.3 2.87 [41] CG13 正长花岗岩 376 0.707791 -20.9 2.45 [41] CG14 正长花岗岩 376 0.710357 -21.2 2.26 [41] CG31 二长花岗岩 376 0.708566 -19.2 2.11 [41] CG32 二长花岗岩 376 0.708364 -19.0 2.13 [41] CG33 二长花岗岩 376 0.708516 -18.9 2.05 [41] CG34 二长花岗岩 376 0.708625 -19.1 2.05 [41] 冀北红石砬、二道沟、下哈叭沁 D485 辉石岩 395 0.704672 -2.7 1.23 [25] D486 角闪辉石岩 395 0.704687 -1.5 1.37 [25] D488 辉石岩 395 0.704758 -3.4 1.39 [25] D492 辉石角闪岩 395 0.704787 -4.6 1.96 [25] D493-1 异剥钙榴岩 395 0.704735 -6.3 1.55 [25] D494 角闪岩 395 0.707056 -15.5 2.84 [25] D496-1 异剥钙榴岩 395 0.704922 -5.8 2.51 [25] D497 辉石岩 395 0.704915 -6.3 2.33 [25] D500 角闪岩 395 0.704983 -10.0 3.60 [25] 朝吐沟 P2Gs3 玄武岩 360 0.707748 0.5 0.99 [43] P2Gs12 玄武岩 360 0.705100 1.6 1.09 [43] P1Gs23-2 玄武岩 360 0.705975 4.9 0.94 [43] P2TW1 流纹岩 360 0.739739 -1.8 1.15 [43] P2TW2 流纹岩 360 0.725408 -1.6 1.14 [43] P2TW11 流纹岩 360 0.714061 -1.5 1.13 [43] P2TW14 流纹岩 360 0.714535 1.6 0.91 [43] P1Gs34 流纹岩 360 0.713906 2.5 0.84 [43]
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表 3 华北地块北缘泥盆纪岩浆岩Hf同位素汇总表
Table 3. Summary of Hf isotopes of the Devonian magmatic rocks in the northern margin of the North China Block
样品号 岩石类型 年龄(Ma) εHf(T) TDM(Ga) TDMC(Ga) 数据来源 白菜沟 07169-1 二长岩 395 -34.1~-24.8 2.34~2.00 3.52~2.94 [19] 16240-1 二长花岗岩 402 -34.1~-12.0 2.34~1.54 3.52~2.16 [19] 16243-1 二长花岗岩 402 -26.8~-13.0 2.12~1.59 3.07~2.21 [19] 16245-1 二长花岗岩 399 -25.0~-14.6 2.03~1.62 2.96~2.31 [19] 高家村 08587-1 角闪正长岩 396 -20.5~-17.5 1.81~1.71 2.68~2.53 [19] 三道沟 JN07-19 石英正长岩 409 -31.5~-26.8 2.28~2.05 3.37~3.08 [21] JN08-1 辉石正长岩 409 -32.3~-28.1 2.27~2.11 3.42~3.16 [21] 07052-1 辉石正长岩 401 -32.2~-29.1 2.27~2.16 3.40~3.24 [19] 16206-1 二长岩 401 -21.9~-13.9 1.88~1.57 2.77~2.27 [19] 16206-2 辉长岩 399 -24.4~-15.1 1.97~1.60 2.92~2.35 [19] 16206-3 辉石岩 398 -23.1~-17.2 1.92~1.69 2.84~2.48 [19] 乌兰哈达 NM96-1 石英二长岩 382 -23.4~-17.2 1.94~1.67 2.85~2.46 [22] 07053-1 二长岩 381 -22.2~-15.5 1.87~1.63 2.77~2.36 [19] 16200-1 二长岩 379 -22.1~-18.1 2.08~1.71 2.76~2.51 [19] 16200-2 辉长岩 377 -24.3~-17.4 1.95~1.66 2.90~2.46 [19] 16200-3 辉石岩 381 -23.6~-16.0 1.93~1.64 2.86~2.40 [19] 孤山 D055-1 二长闪长岩 390 -12.0~-5.8 1.48~1.23 2.14~1.75 [24] 赤峰红山 2006MHS 钾长花岗岩 387 -11.5~-8.5 1.54~1.38 2.11~1.92 [28] 15054-1 正长花岗岩 388 -15.6~-8.3 1.66~1.35 2.36~1.91 [19] 赤峰红庙子 15057-1 正长花岗岩 391 -17.3~-8.2 1.74~1.36 2.48~1.91 [19] 赤峰车户沟 06C205 正长花岗岩 376 -44.4~-20.5 2.71~1.81 4.12~2.66 [19] 龙王庙 XT24-1 角闪岩 382 -13.2~-11.8 1.52~1.45 2.21~2.12 [27] XT24-2 辉石岩 399 -15.1~-9.8 1.60~1.39 2.34~2.01 [27] 冀北红石砬、二道沟、下哈叭沁 D485 辉石岩 395 -3.8~5.5 1.18~0.80 1.63~1.04 [25] D486 角闪辉石岩 395 0.5~1.2 1.01~0.99 1.36~1.31 [25] D488 辉石岩 395 -4.4~-0.4 1.17~1.02 1.67~1.42 [25] D496-1 异剥钙榴岩 395 -11.5~-6.5 1.45~1.26 2.12~1.80 [25] D500 角闪岩 395 -10.9~-4.1 1.47~1.23 2.08~1.65 [25] 八当山 YSH04-1 流纹质凝灰岩 404 -22.0~-16.4 1.94~1.69 2.78~2.43 [33] 朝吐沟 P1TW3 流纹岩 360 -1.0~5.7 1.03~0.77 1.43~1.00 [43] P2TW1 流纹岩 360 -1.9~5.3 1.07~0.78 1.49~1.03 [43]
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