Geochemical characteristics of Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Heiyingshan, Beishan Orogenic Belt: evidence of the transition from subduction to collision of the Paleo-Asian Ocean

DING Yiwen; SHAO Zhaogang; CHEN Yanfei; CHEN Xuanhua; LI Bing; YU Wei; XU Daxing; HAN Lele

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025017

Volume 32 Issue 2

Apr. 2026

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DING Y W，SHAO Z G，CHEN Y F，et al.，2026. Geochemical characteristics of Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Heiyingshan, Beishan Orogenic Belt: evidence of the transition from subduction to collision of the Paleo-Asian Ocean[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，32（2）：1−16 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025017

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Geochemical characteristics of Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Heiyingshan, Beishan Orogenic Belt: evidence of the transition from subduction to collision of the Paleo-Asian Ocean

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025017

DING Yiwen^{1, 2
,},
SHAO Zhaogang^{1, 2
,
,},
CHEN Yanfei^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Xuanhua^{1, 2
,},
LI Bing^{1, 2
,},
YU Wei^3
,,
XU Daxing^{1, 2
,},
HAN Lele^{1, 2
,}

1.
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Mineral Exploration, Beijing 100037, China
3.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China

Funds: This research was financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2024ZD1000103) and the Geological Survey Projects of the China Geological Survey (Grant Nos. DD20230229 and DD20190011).

More Information

Received: 2025-02-28
Revised: 2025-09-07
Accepted: 2025-09-08

Available Online: 2025-09-08

Published: 2026-04-28

Abstract

Abstract

Objective It is generally accepted that the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the northern part of the Beishan Orogenic Belt was in the stage of ocean–continent evolution during the Carboniferous–Permian. However, the timing of the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean remains controversial. The Heiyingshan area, located at the northern margin of the Beishan Orogenic Belt, is a key area for studying the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. This study analyzes the geochemical characteristics of tuffs in this area to reveal their tectonic setting and further constrain the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the northern Beishan Orogenic Belt. Methods Late Carboniferous and Late Triassic volcanic tuffs exposed in the Heiyingshan area were analyzed using petrological and geochemical methods. Major, trace, and rare earth elements concentrations were determined to obtain the geochemical characteristics of the volcanic tuffs. Combined with published regional volcanic rock ages and geochemical data, the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the volcanic tuff are discussed. Results The Late Carboniferous volcanic tuff belongs to the peraluminous calc-alkaline series; it is enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE; i.e., Rb, Ba, Th and U) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE; i.e., Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti). The total rare earth element content (ΣREE) ranges from 74.64×10⁻⁶ to 142.45×10⁻⁶, with significant fractionation between light and heavy REEs (LREE/HREE=5.14–7.49, (La/Yb)_N=4.58–6.36). The chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern is right-leaning, with a weak negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.35–0.66). These characteristics are indicative of I-type granite. The Late Triassic volcanic tuff belongs to the peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline series. It is enriched in silicon and alkali but depleted in aluminum and magnesium. This tuff exhibits a strong negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.02–0.22). Its chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern is a slightly right-leaning ‘seagull type’. This tuff is enriched in LILE, (e.g., Rb, Th and U), depleted in incompatible elements (e.g., Ba, Nb, Zr and Ti), and depleted in HFSE, (e.g., Hf and Zr). These characteristics are typical of S-type granite. The Th content of the Late Carboniferous and Late Triassic rock samples in the Heiyingshan area ranges from 7.66 to 32.2μg/g, with an average of 19.24μg/g, which is much higher than the average mantle abundance and closer to the crust. The Nb/Ta ratios of the rock samples range from 8.01 to 12.78, with an average of 10.36, which is much lower than the mantle average of 60 and closer to the crust average of 11. In addition, the Ba/La ratios of the Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks range from 19.19 to 24.09, with an average of 21.64, slightly higher than the continental crust average of 15.63. Conclusion The Late Carboniferous and Late Triassic volcanic tuffs in the Heiyingshan area formed in the subduction and collision setting of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, respectively, indicating that the tectonic environment in the Hongshishan-Heiyingshan area transitioned from subduction to collision between the Late Carboniferous and the Late Triassic. The volcanic magma in this area was mainly derived from partial melting of the crust, with the Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks possibly mixed with a small amount of mantle-derived materials. [ Significance ] The geochemical characteristics of the Late Carboniferous and Late Triassic volcanic tuffs in the Heiyingshan area provide evidence for the subduction–collision processes of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Beishan Orogenic Belt. The results constrain the timing of the tectonic environment transformation in the Hongshishan–Heiyingshan area in the northern Beishan Orogenic Belt, which is of great significance for understanding the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.
- tuff,
- Beishan Orogenic Belt,
- Late Carboniferous–Late Triassic,
- subduction–collision evolution

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