2006 Vol. 12, No. 3

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STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA AND STRUCTURAL PATTERNS OF THE CRUST SURFACE——ONE ASPECT OF EXTENDED GEOMECHANICAL RESEARCH
LI Shu-jing, ZHENG Da-xing
2006, 12(3): 279-286.
Abstract (153) PDF (594KB)(10)
Abstract:
Structural interpretation of remote sensing data is an effective method for the structural study conducted based on remote sensing information combined with geological survey and geophysical data.Research indicates that different degrees of lateral slip have taken place extensively on the surface of continental crust of China and that the shear-nappe structure system and overthrusting-extensional slices are two basic tectonic patterns at the surface of continental crust.The structural framework and geomorphological features such as mountains and rivers at the surface of China's continental crust originated by Cenozoic crustal movement and have controlling,reworking and constraining effects on the present geological environment and geological hazards,as well as mineral resources formed in different periods of time.
A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING IN THE STUDY OF LAKE ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
MENG Qing-wei, LUO Peng, YU Jia, HAN Jian-en, Lu Rong-ping, MENG Xian-gang, ZHU Da-gang, SHAO Zhao-gang
2006, 12(3): 287-294.
Abstract (152) PDF (477KB)(8)
Abstract:
Over the past 10 years,with the constant enrichment of the content of lakes research and improvement of research methods,rich achievements have been obtained in lake research.Remote sensing techniques,as a scientific and rapid investigation and monitoring tool,have been widely applied in the area of lake environment research.This paper mainly introduces major research progress in applications of remote sensing techniques in eight aspects:monitoring of lake water quality,measurements and tests of lake hydrological parameter,investigation of lake changes,monitoring of lake ice,investigation of lake use,investigation of the lake geo-environment,eco-environmental surveys of lake areas and paleolake and archeological surveys.Moreover,this paper provides an overview of the application prospects of various types of remote sensing data sources and remote sensing information retrieval techniques in the area of lake environmental research.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES OF THE GARZÊ-YUSHU FAULT ZONE
PENG Hua, MA Xiu-min, BAI Jia-qi, DU De-ping
2006, 12(3): 295-304.
Abstract (287) PDF (475KB)(17)
Abstract:
The Garzê-Yushu fault zone,lying at the southern end of the Xijir Ulan LakeYushu fault zone,is the northwestward extension of the Xianshuihe fault sensu lato and the northern boundary of the eastward extrusion of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Its structure is complicated.According to the difference in character of its activities,it is divided into three segments.The south segment is composed of a set of echelon sinistral faults and the fault activity gave rise to the Garzê pull-apart basin.The seismic activity is strong at the Yanqiao area.The central segment is mainly characterized by strong strike-slip movement and a number of downfaulted basins occur at the north side of the fault.There has been no earthquake record until now.The north segment,which turns north from Dengke,consists of the principal fault and a number of feather faults that intersect the main faults obliquely,with sinistral strike-slip faults predominating.The downfaulted basins related to the fault are located at the western side of the fault.The seismic activities are scattered and weak.The fault valley of the Yushu-Zhuqing segment of the fault zone is the only way for the water diversion line from the Jinsha River to Yarlung River in the west line of the south-north water diversion project,where strong fault activities and resulting wide fracture zone will cause great difficulty to the operations of the project.
QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND FAULTING IN THE DAMXUNG-YANGBAJAIN BASIN, SOUTHERN TIBET
WU Zhong-hai, ZHAO Xi-tao, WU Zhen-han, JIANG Wan, HU Dao-gong
2006, 12(3): 305-316.
Abstract (376) PDF (904KB)(20)
Abstract:
Detailed geological mapping conducted in the Damxung-Yangbajain basin shows that several sequences of deposits of different origins have been accumulated since the Pliocene or early Pleistocene,of which the most prominent are glacial and fluvioglacial deposits formed in the about 700~500,250~125 and 75~12 ka intervals,indicating that three glacial periods have occurred in the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains since the middle Pleistocene.Study of a fault zone at the southeastern piedmont of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains indicates that this fault zone consists of three secondary fault zones,which have the features continuous migration toward the interior of the basin and repeated activities.The several important faultings since the middle Pleistocene occurred about 700~500,350~220,140 or so and 70~50 ka.The heights of fault scarps which have offset the sediments formed since the middle Pleistocene decrease with younging stratigraphic ages,suggesting that the rates of vertical movement of the fault change between 0.4 and 2 mm/a,of which the average rate of long-term vertical movement during the Quaternary is 1.1±0.3 mm/a,while that during the Holocene is 1.4±0.6 mm/a.
QUATERNARY MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE GONGHE BASIN ON THE NORTHEASTERN OF THE QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU
SHI Wei, MA Yin-sheng, WU Man-lu, ZHANG Yun-feng, DU De-ping
2006, 12(3): 317-323.
Abstract (127) PDF (438KB)(8)
Abstract:
Study of the Quaternary magnetostratigraphy in the Gonghe basin on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau shows that four normal paleomagnetic polarity intervals and three reverse paleomagnetic polarity intervals are recorded in the Quaternary section and that the deposition of the section began at~2.11 MaB.P..Based on the magnetostratigraphic study,combined with an analysis of the sedimentary characteristics and features of available Quaternary,sporopollen assemblages of the section,the authors think that the section records the paleoclimatic evolution in the basin since 2.11 MaB.P.and that the major epochs of paleoclimatic transition occurred at about 1.92,1.75,1.40,1.02 and 0.87 MaB.P.respectively.This is mainly the result of the long-distance effect of the strong uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Therefore,the establishment of the time sequence of paleoclimatic changes in the Gonghe basin should have certain significance for the study of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its environmental effect,as well as the development of the Yellow River.
PALYNOLOGICAL RECORDS OF THE HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN ZHENGLAN QI, INNER MONGOLIA
WANG Yan, YE Qing-pei, QIAO Yan-song
2006, 12(3): 324-328.
Abstract (178) PDF (279KB)(7)
Abstract:
The Holocene vegetation and climatic evolution in central Inner Mongolia was reconstructed according to the palynological records of the Shandianhe section in Zhenglan Qi.The vegetation was dominated by steppe or sparse steppe in the early Holocene,corresponding to a warm and dry climate.The vegetation in the middle Holocene was forest-type,indicating a relatively warm-wet climate.During the late Holocene,the vegetation again changed to steppe or sparse steppe,suggesting that the climate tended to be warm-slightly dry or cool-slightly dry.
HYDROTHERMAL ORE-FORMING SYSTEM IN THE YANGBAJAIN-LHÜNZHUB AREA, TIBET, AND ITS NUMERICAL SIMULATION
MENG Xian-gang, SHAO Zhao-gang, BAI Jia-qi, ZHU Da-gang, YU Jia, HAN Jian-en, MENG Qing-wei, LÜ Rong-ping
2006, 12(3): 329-337.
Abstract (270) PDF (599KB)(12)
Abstract:
With the control of the regional metallotectonic system,To the east from Yangbajing and Time from new arrive old,the isotopic analyses of hydrogen and oxygen from hydrothermal presents the regulation variety along with the plateau uplift.The Hydrothermal Metallogenesis System with the control of the fault network and heater drive.According to the computation and analysis of the tectonic stress,heat simulation and the deepth of earthquake focus,it can be formed that there is a type area of Hydrothermal Metallogenesis System until now.It has very important theories meaning of the dynamic metallotectonic and has got the actual application in the finding structure and hydrothermal mineral deposit driven by heat.
APPLICATION OF THE 3D STRUCTURAL STRESS FIELD ANALYSIS IN THE DEEP GOLD EXPLORATION OF THE CENTRAL SEGMENT OF THE ZHAOYUAN-PINGDU FAULT ZONE, JIAODONG AREA
HAN Shu-qin, DENG Jun, YANG Li-qiang, WANG Jian-ping
2006, 12(3): 338-344,316.
Abstract (171) PDF (795KB)(13)
Abstract:
On the basis of the construction of the rational geological,mechanical and mathematical models,the SuperSAP finite element numerical modeling is used to study the spatial distribution of the syn-mineralization strain energy and fluid migration potential of a gold deposit cluster in the central segment of the Zhaoyuan-Pingdu fault,Jiaodong area.The results show that the area with high strain energy and low fluid migration potential is likely to a favorable structural site for ore deposition.This information has great significance for guiding deep alteration-type gold exploration in the Jiaodong area.
CONTROLS ON THE MUCHANGHE Ag-Au-Cu DEPOSIT,HENAN, BY DETACHMENT FAULTS
LI Yi, HU Hai-zhu
2006, 12(3): 345-353.
Abstract (151) PDF (456KB)(12)
Abstract:
The Muchanghe area,Shangcheng County,Henan Province,is tectonically located in the east of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt,in the eastern segment of the Tongbai-Dabie tectonic subbelt.The structure in the area is mainly characterized by long-active WNW-nearly E-W-trending deep faults and their derivative WNW-and N-S-trending faults,as well as NE-trending faults parallel to the Tanlu fault zone to the east.Faults are marked by complex,open linear folds.Geological survey has confirmed that there are three tecto-lithostratigraphic units in the Muchanghe ore district:the core complex unit(CC),ultrahigh-pressure unit(UHP),high-pressure unit(HP),which are separated by large detachment faults.The activities of the detachment faults favored enrichment of ore-forming elements.The formation of the deposit in the area is closely related to extension and detachment following the exhumation of the Dabie UHP metamorphic belt.Most orebodies occur in a detachment fault zone above the CC unit and below the UHP unit.The detachment fault zones played an important role in controlling the mineralization in the area.
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES AND CRUSTAL THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU
BAI Jia-qi, MAI Lin, YANG Mei-ling
2006, 12(3): 354-362.
Abstract (316) PDF (619KB)(30)
Abstract:
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a unique crustal structure and a high-heat background.The Himalaya terrane in the south is of "hot crust-cold mantle" type and the Lhasa-Gangdise terrane is of "hot crust-hot mantle" type.There is a low-velocity,high-conductivity layer in the middle crust under the region,which is probably a partially molten magma pocket,forming a gigantic geothermal zone.The hydrothermal activity zone of the plateau is mainly exposed between the Himalaya and Gangdise-Nyainqêntanglha.There are 283 hydrothermal areas with temperatures >25℃ and nearly 40 boiling and hot springs with temperatures >80℃.In the famous Yangbajain high-temperature reservoir geothermal field a geothermal power station with an electricity-installed capacity of 25.18 MW has been built,which supplies vast amount of electric power to Lhasa.The geothermal resources occupy an important position in the energy structure on the plateau and have great development prospects and value.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURAL STRESS FIELD OF THE QIANGTANG BASIN
HUANG Ji-jun, LI Ya-lin
2006, 12(3): 363-370.
Abstract (151) PDF (353KB)(13)
Abstract:
EW-trending folds and reversed(thrust) faults and NW-and NE-trending strike-slip faults predominate in the Qiangtang basin in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and occasionally NW-and NE-trending folds and nearly N-S-trending normal faults my be found.Based on the structural combination analysis,structural analysis,mathematical calculation and finite element modeling,it is revealed that the orientation of the maximal principal stress of the structurally deformed stress field in the basin is nearly north-south,with attendent NW-SE,NE-SE and nearly E-W orientations,which indicates that the basin has long undergone N-S strong compression since the Indosinian movement,accompanied by intermittent(or derivative) NE-SW,NE-SE and nearly E-W compression.
TECTONIC STRESS FIELD QUANTITATIVE MODEL AND PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION IN LOW-ORDER COMPLEX FAULT BLOCKS
LI Hong-nan, HUANG Shi-yan, SHOU Hao, LIU Wen-ye
2006, 12(3): 371-377.
Abstract (243) PDF (464KB)(10)
Abstract:
Quantitative models of three phases of tectonic stress fields,i.e.the phase of the First Member of the Shahejie Formation,Dongying Formation phase and the present phase,are constructed based on a study of the Xianhe low-order brush fault block system,and the characteristics of the tectonic stress fields and relation between the stress fields and hydrocarbon distribution are studied.Study indicates that the intensity,direction and magnitude of stress vary in different geologic periods.The stress values show a trend of increase from the old to young formations.The maximum horizontal principal stress in the tectonic stress fields becomes gradually low from the divergent side to convergent end of the brush structure in plan views and increases with depth in section.So the fault zone is a low-stress area and also an area for hydrocarbon accumulation.The authors propose that the stress transition zone is a low-stress area and a favorable area of low-amplitude faulted nose structure,as well as an area of residual oil in a complex fault block oil accumulation in the middle and late stages of petroleum exploitation.
CONTROLS OF PALEOGENE SYNDEPOSITIONAL FAULTS ON THE SUCCESSIONS AND DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS IN THE QIKOU DEPRESSION, BOHAI BAY
CHEN Ying, LIN Chang-song, YU Hong-zhong, CUI Yong-gang
2006, 12(3): 378-386.
Abstract (142) PDF (740KB)(7)
Abstract:
This paper systematically analyzes the Paleogene tectonic framework and organization and pattern of major syndepositional faults in the Paleogene Qikou depression and notes that the major syndepositional faults and fault slope breaks in the study area exerted important controlling effects on the Paleogene successions and distribution of depositional systems.Fault F1 and the north segment of the northeastern basin-marginal fault controlled depositional filling of the deep northern depressed part of the depression;the activity of the south segment of the northeastern basin-marginal fault determined the development of the north subbasin and the development of the south subbasin is mainly related to the activity of the low rise peripheral fault zone.The northeastern basin-marginal steep slope break controlled the development of the inshore subaqueous fan and fan delta system;the slope break fault F2 in the southwest fault step zone controlled the development of the growth of the braided delta and lakeshore and shallow-lake deposition systems;and the slope break of fault F1 controlled the deposition and development of the lowstand fan and deep and hemi-deep lake deposition and the prodelta fluxoturbidity system;the southern low rise peripheral slope break zone controlled the development of the fan delta or small subaqueous fan in the southern subbasin at the early stage.The southwest fault step zone and the position of intersection of fault F1 and the northeast basin-marginal fault are favorable sites for looking for potential sandstone reservoirs.
DETERMINATION OF A DUCTILE SHEAR ZONE IN THE CRETACEOUS YINGGELING RED BASIN, HAINAN ISLAND, AND ITS GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
LI Sun-xiong, DING Shi-jiang, FAN Yuan, LÜ Chang-yan
2006, 12(3): 387-392.
Abstract (166) PDF (285KB)(18)
Abstract:
A ductile shear zone has been found for the first time in the Cretaceous Yinggeling red basin,Hainan Island.It consists of mylonites and have well-developed lineation,foliation and fold structure,as well as the kinematic characteristics of detachment.The differential stress for deformation ranges from 27.2 to 66.2 MPa and the deformation temperatures are >500℃.Subvertical compression and subhorizontal extension suggest that the formation of the shear zone is related to intrusion of deep-seated magma.This has great geological significance for a further understanding of the Yanshanian tectonomagmatism and magmatic emplacement mechanism on Hainan Island.
AESTHETIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR MAKING A GEOSCIENCE PRESENTATION REPORT
WANG Jin, ZHANG Ping, BING Ying, WANG Yan
2006, 12(3): 393-398,362.
Abstract (168) PDF (371KB)(5)
Abstract:
This paple points out some common problems in geoscience presentations.According to the practical experiences,the authors put forward some proposals for how to make a successful presentation.Key technical points in using Microsoft PowerPoint to produce a presentation of a geoscience report are described in regard to the page layout,color matching,font processing,picture compression,aspects and so on.

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