中亚造山带西准噶尔晚古生代洋陆转换与构造演化——来自晚石炭世流纹岩的证据

史建杰; 陈宣华; 丁伟翠; 李冰

中亚造山带西准噶尔晚古生代洋陆转换与构造演化——来自晚石炭世流纹岩的证据

中国地质科学院地球深部探测中心, 北京 100037

基金项目:

国家科技支撑计划重点项目暨国家305项目 2007BAB25B02

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160083

国家深部探测技术与实验研究专项 SinoProbe-08

祁连-天山盆山结合带深部地质调查 DD20160083

详细信息

作者简介:
史建杰(1992-), 男, 硕士研究生, 构造地质学专业。E-mail:1311618693@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈宣华(1967-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 从事构造地质学和矿床资源研究。E-mail:xhchen@cags.ac.cn

中图分类号: P588.141;P59
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-10-12
- 刊出日期: 2017-02-01

LATE PALEOZOIC OCEAN-CONTINENT TRANSITION IN WEST JUNGGAR, CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT:EVIDENCE FROM LATE CARBONIFEROUS RHYOLITES

Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Beijing 100037, China

摘要

摘要: 本文在中亚造山带西部的西准噶尔地区新发现晚石炭世柱状节理流纹岩，并根据其地球化学特征探讨了其形成的构造环境。岩石化学分析的结果表明，柱状节理流纹岩的主量元素具有高钾低钠的特征，属于高钾钙碱性和钙碱性岩浆系列；球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分配模式表现为Ⅴ字型，Eu亏损，说明发生了斜长石的结晶分异。大离子亲石元素（LILE）Rb、K相对富集，高场强元素（HFSE）Nb、Ta出现负异常，反映了俯冲带岩浆的特征。研究表明该流纹岩属于A2型，形成于后造山的伸展构造环境；与该地区晚石炭世大型花岗岩类岩基具有同源性，同属于后造山伸展环境下的富碱岩浆作用。对比我国东部沿海中生代柱状节理流纹岩的大陆边缘构造环境，本研究认为西准噶尔地区在晚石炭世存在由大洋俯冲向陆内环境转变的洋陆转换特征；之前的大洋俯冲主要发育在克拉玛依-包古图-带，具有准噶尔洋板块向西北方向在哈萨克斯坦微陆块之下俯冲的构造极性。正是由晚石炭世柱状节理流纹岩所代表的后造山伸展环境下的富碱岩浆作用，终结了该地区洋陆过渡带环境。
- 西准噶尔 /
- 流纹岩 /
- 地球化学 /
- 洋陆转换 /
- 构造演化
Abstract: The late carboniferous rhyolites with columnar joints have been found in the West Junggar, then we studyed their tectonic environment through the geochemical characteristics. The rhyolites from the West Junggar have the characteristics of high K, low Na, so they belong to high-k calc-alkaline or cala-alkaline magmatic series. According to the Ⅴ patterns of the REE distribution patterns of the rhyolites, Eu is deficited, testifying the process of the crystallization differentiation of plagioclase. The rhyolites are enrichment of elements Rb、K (LILE), and deficient of Nb、Ta(HFSE), this is same to the characteristic of subduction zone magma. The study shows that the rhyolites which belong to A2 rock type derived from post-orogenic tectonic environment. The rhyolites and granites batholith have the same magmatic source and both belong to rich alkaline magmatism in orogenic environment. Similarly to the environment of the rhyolites in the east China, the study proves the existence of sea-land transition zone during the late Paleozoic, indicating that the Junggar Oceanic Plate subducted under the Kazakhstan Plate. Ocean subduction mainly developed in Karamay-Baogutu area, where the Junggar oceanic plates subducted to the northwest under the Kazakhstan plates. The rich alkaline magmatism in the post-orogenic stretch environment which the late carboniferous rhyolites with columnar joins occured, put an end to the ocean-land transition environment.
- the West Junggar /
- rhyolites /
- geochemical charateristics /
- ocean-land transition /
- tectonic evolution

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图 1 西准噶尔地区构造体系遥感解译及流纹岩采样点位置

图中：P二叠世，C₁t石炭系太勒古拉组，C₁b石炭系包古图组，C₁xb石炭系希贝库拉斯组，D泥盆世；HT哈图岩体，ME庙儿沟岩体，TE塔尔根岩体，AK阿克巴斯陶岩体，K956岩体，KL克拉玛依岩体

Figure 1. Fault tectonic system in the West Junggar and the location of the rhyolites from the remote sensing interpretation map

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图 2 柱状节理流纹岩特征

(a)柱状流纹岩整体产出照片; (b)柱状流纹岩横切面手标本(c)、(d)镜下照片; Qtz-石英, Kfs-钾长石

Figure 2. Photography and microstructure of the rhyolites samples with columnar joints

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图 3 柱状节理流纹岩产出简图【位置见图 1黑色框内】

Figure 3. The occurrence of the Rhyolites with columnar joints

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图 4 西准噶尔地区流纹岩岩性判别图

(a)火成岩岩岩类TAS分类图解(原图据文献[19]) (b)K₂O-SiO₂分类图(庙儿沟花岗岩数据据文献[20]，原图据文献[21, 22])Pc—苦橄玄武岩；B—玄武岩；O1—玄武安山岩；O2—安山岩；O3—英安岩；R—流纹岩；S1—粗面玄武岩；S2—玄武质粗面安山岩；S3—粗面安山岩；T—粗面岩、粗面英安岩；F—副长石岩；U1—碱玄岩、碧玄岩；U2—响岩质碱玄岩；U3—碱玄质响岩；Ph—响岩；Ir—Irvine分界线(上方为碱性，下方为亚碱性)

Figure 4. Classification diagrams of rhyolites from the West Junggar area

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图 5 哈克图解

Figure 5. Harker diagrams (major elements vs. SiO₂ content (wt.%))

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图 6 柱状节理流纹岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化多元素蛛网图(b)

(原图据文献[24~25]；灰色部分庙儿沟花岗岩数据据文献[22])

Figure 6. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns(a) and primitive mantle-normalized multi-elements spider diagram(b)

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图 7 西准噶尔地区A型流纹岩判别图(底图据文献[26~29])

Figure 7. Classification diagrams of A-type rhyolite from the West Junggar area

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图 9 西准噶尔地区晚石炭世大地构造环境模式图

Figure 9. A schematic showing the development of the late Carboniferous tectonic environment in the West Junggar

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图 8 西准噶尔成矿带花岗岩类微量元素构造环境判别图解(底图据文献[28])

a—Nb-Y；b—Ta-Yb；c—Rb-(Y+Nb)；d—Rb-(Yb+Ta)；syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩；VAG—火山岛弧花岗岩；WPG—板内花岗岩；ORG—洋脊花岗岩；post-COLG—后碰撞花岗岩

Figure 8. Trace element tectonic setting discrimination diagrams of granitoids from the West Junggar Metallogenic Belt

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表 1 西准噶尔地区流纹岩样品主量元素(wt%)分析结果

Table 1. Major elements(wt%) of rhyolites from the West Junggar

样品号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₂O₃	FeO	K₂O	MgO	MnO	Na₂O	P₂O₅	TiO₂	CO₂	H₂O⁺	LOI	TOTAL
SJ150731-6-1	79.20	13.19	0.19	0.58	0.33	4.63	0.18	0.04	1.51	0.04	0.09	0.33	1.62	1.62	101.26
SJ150731-6-2	76.88	12.73	0.99	0.81	0.48	4.72	0.10	0.01	3.14	0.03	0.11	0.5	0.78	1.37	100.74
SJ150803-1-3	77.51	12.53	0.58	0.90	0.55	4.56	0.11	0.01	3.11	0.03	0.09	0.5	0.84	1.26	100.57
SJ150803-1-4	76.45	12.90	1.23	1.23	0.26	4.63	0.09	0.01	3.05	0.04	0.10	1.13	0.96	1.74	101.18
SJ150803-2-1	75.78	12.57	0.15	2.89	0.18	2.92	0.06	0.05	5.13	0.02	0.24	0.5	0.58	0.59	99.92
SJ150803-3-1	77.99	12.21	0.19	1.47	0.25	2.09	0.06	0.02	5.47	0.03	0.20	0.33	0.44	0.49	100.26

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表 2 西准噶尔地区流纹岩样品微量元素分析结果

Table 2. Trace elements (10^-6) of rhyolites from the West Junggar

微量元素	样品中微量元素含量/10^-6
微量元素	SJ150731-6-1	SJ150731-6-2	SJ150803-1-3	SJ150803-1-4	SJ150803-2-1	SJ150803-3-1
La	25.10	21.00	24.20	24.40	32.60	27.90
Ce	61.50	51.90	58.90	59.30	58.50	60.30
Pr	8.63	6.71	7.97	8.09	9.78	8.31
Nd	35.40	28.80	32.90	33.00	41.40	37.00
Sm	9.39	6.98	8.19	8.28	9.70	8.30
Eu	0.17	0.17	0.16	0.18	1.72	1.11
Gd	10.00	6.83	8.24	8.44	9.27	8.26
Tb	1.80	1.23	1.48	1.54	1.48	1.37
Dy	12.20	8.10	9.66	9.98	9.24	9.02
Ho	2.65	1.68	2.07	2.08	1.91	1.87
Er	7.32	4.83	5.70	6.22	5.33	5.40
Tm	1.07	0.70	0.83	0.89	0.80	0.80
Yb	6.64	4.54	4.95	5.47	5.31	5.11
Lu	0.99	0.67	0.72	0.81	0.81	0.74
Y	69.20	43.70	51.60	55.90	49.40	46.30
Ba	257.00	207.00	201.00	196.00	871.00	542.00
Rb	138.00	106.00	103.00	106.00	63.90	53.30
Th	12.10	9.55	11.30	11.20	6.41	7.66
Lu	0.99	0.67	0.72	0.81	0.81	0.74
Nb	6.23	6.27	6.30	6.47	8.95	9.26
Ta	0.63	0.64	0.59	0.57	0.65	0.64
Sr	24.30	32.50	33.20	46.70	33.90	42.70
Zr	100.00	91.30	94.20	99.20	344.00	355.00
Hf	4.41	4.12	4.15	4.30	11.10	11.60
U	3.08	2.15	2.41	2.27	2.50	2.48

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