J.S.Lee’s scientific thought and the pioneering of China’s offshore oil industry (1954–1971): A study based on archival research and strategic practice
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摘要: 新中国成立前，“中国贫油论”在学术界盛行，中国石油勘探陷入理论认知与实践探索的双重困境。李四光运用地质力学理论，系统阐释中国构造体系的基本框架与核心特征，基于新华夏构造体系对中国东部油气资源的控制规律，提出“东西兼顾、陆海并举”的战略部署思路，确立“先找油区，再找油田”的勘探指导思想，构建起一整套科学完备的石油普查勘探方法论体系。大庆油田取得突破性进展后，李四光进一步部署“由陆及海”的渐进式策略，以渤海为起点，对中国全海域油气勘探布局进行系统规划，发出“向海洋进军”的战略号召，为中国海洋石油事业的起步与发展奠定了坚实的理论根基与实践基础。文章依托1954至1971年间李四光的书信、手稿、讲话、著作等珍贵史料，全面梳理其指导中国海洋石油勘探的完整实践历程，为理解科技自立自强、保障能源资源安全等国家战略的内在逻辑，提供重要的历史参照。Abstract:
Objective During the 1950s, the prevalent presumption that China was oil-poor constrained its exploration efforts and hindered its oil exploitation. Methods Based on historical materials such as letters, manuscripts, speeches, and works by J.S.Lee during his tenure as Minister of Geology from 1954 to 1971, this paper comprehensively outlines the complete practical course of his guidance for China's offshore oil exploration. Results Based on his analysis of the Neocathaysian structural system, J.S.Lee proposed a strategy of "balanced development between eastern and western regions, with simultaneous advances on land and at sea." He also used the principle of "Find the oil region first, then locate the oil field," thereby putting into practice a comprehensive system for petroleum survey and exploration. Conclusions Following the breakthrough at the Daqing Oil Field, J.S.Lee personally oversaw the formulation of a progressive "from land to sea" strategy. Starting with the Bohai Sea, he systematically planned the layout for oil and gas exploration across China's entire maritime territory and issued the strategic call to "march toward the ocean." [Significance] This paper provides an important historical reference for understanding the logical implications of national strategies such as achieving self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology and ensuring energy and resource security. -
Key words:
- J.S.Lee /
- geomechanics /
- Neocathaysian structural system /
- offshore oil /
- from land to sea
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图 1 1961年，李四光《地质力学概论》中关于新华夏构造体系论述的手稿及修改稿
Figure 1. In 1961, the manuscript and revised drafts of the discussion on the Neocathaysian structural system in Introduction to Geomechanics by J.S.Lee
图 2 中国大陆及邻区海域构造体系及油区分布示意图（底图据孙殿卿，1978清绘）
1—纬向构造体系 2—经向构造体系 3—华夏系 4—新华夏系 5—西域系（古河西系）6—河西系 7—青藏滇缅反S型构造 8—山字型及弧形构造 9—其他构造 10—多字型盆地 11—油区 12—新华夏构造体系控制的油区
Figure 2. Schematic map of tectonic systems and distribution of oil regions in the Chinese mainland and its adjacent sea areas (Base map was redrawn from Sun, 1978)
1—Latitudinal Tectonic System; 2—Longitudinal Tectonic System; 3—Cathaysian System; 4—Neocathaysian System; 5—Western Regions System (Paleo-Hexi System); 6—Hexi System; 7—Qinghai–Tibet–Yunnan–Myanmar Inverse S-shaped Structure 8—Epsilon‑type and arcuate structures; 9—Other structures; 10—Multidirectional Basin Systems; 11—Petroleum Provinces; 12—Petroleum Provinces controlled by the Neocathaysian Tectonic System
图 3 1961年9月，李四光关于石油问题给地质部何长工同志并地质部党组的信（马胜云等，2012）
Figure 3. Letter from J.S.Lee to Comrade He Changgong and the Party Leadership Group of the Ministry of Geology regarding petroleum issues, September 1961 (Ma et al., 2012)
图 4 1961年10月，地质部党组转送李富春、薄一波并呈周恩来的信（马胜云等，2012）
Figure 4. Letter forwarded by the Party Leadership Group of the Ministry of Geology to Li Fuchun and Bo Yibo, submitted to Zhou Enlai, October 1961(Ma et al, 2012)
图 5 1963年，“星火二号”调查船在渤海作业（《地质老照片》编委会，2004）
Figure 5. Survey Vessel Xinghuo II operating in the Bohai Sea, 1963 (Editorial Committee of Old Photos of Geology, 2004)
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