准中地区深层八道湾组过渡相页岩成烃潜力研究

曾治平; 李宝庆; 王金铎; 刘慧; 李劭杰; 甘润坤

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025111

准中地区深层八道湾组过渡相页岩成烃潜力研究

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025111

曾治平^1,,
李宝庆^2, ,,
王金铎^1,,
刘慧^1,,
李劭杰^3,,
甘润坤^2,

1.
中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院，山东东营 257015
2.
中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，湖北武汉 430074
3.
长江大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 430100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42272207）

详细信息

作者简介:
曾治平（1977—），男，博士，研究员，从事石油地质专业。Email：zengzhiping.slyt@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
李宝庆（1986—），男，博士，副教授，从事石油地质专业。Email：libq@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.2；P618.13
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-11
- 修回日期: 2026-01-20
- 录用日期: 2026-01-21
- 预出版日期: 2026-01-21
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-28

Hydrocarbon generation potential of deeply buried shales within the Jurassic transitional Badaowan Formation, central Junggar Basin

ZENG Zhiping^1
,,
LI Baoqing^{2
, ,},
WANG Jinduo^1
,,
LIU Hui^1
,,
LI Shaojie^3
,,
GAN Runkun^2
,

1.
Sinopec Shengli Oil Field Exploration and Development Research Institute, Dongying 257015, Shandong, China
2.
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
3.
School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, China

Funds: This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42272207).

摘要

摘要: 准噶尔盆地中部（准中地区）深层侏罗系八道湾组过渡相页岩是近年来非常规油气勘探的前沿阵地，而其页岩成烃潜力仍有待进一步厘定。准中地区阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷最新勘探钻遇埋深超5000 m 的八道湾组页岩层系，为查明该区深层页岩成烃潜力提供了宝贵机遇。此次研究以阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷深层八道湾组页岩为研究对象，通过运用有机地球化学、显微组分分析、热模拟实验、数值模拟、生物标志化合物分析等多种手段，探讨了准中八道湾组深层页岩成烃潜力。阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷深层八道湾组页岩有机质丰度较高，总有机碳（TOC）含量分别为0.75%~5.06%和0.81%~5.27%，以II型和III型有机质为主。热演化程度表明该层段现今处于生油阶段（镜质体反射率R_o分别为0.70%~0.82%和0.51%~0.80%）。热史模拟显示，该套页岩于侏罗纪晚期进入生烃门限，于晚白垩世进入主生油期，生烃过程持续约150 Ma；岩石热解产烃率为380~500 mg/g。生物标志化合物参数指示了氧化还原条件频繁波动的过渡相环境特征，水生生物与陆源高等植物均有母质贡献。综上，准中地区深层八道湾组页岩成烃潜力大，是潜在页岩油气勘探目标。
- 准噶尔盆地 /
- 深层页岩 /
- 成烃潜力 /
- 页岩油气 /
- 八道湾组
Abstract: Objective The deeply buried transitional shales within the Jurassic Badaowan Formation in the central Junggar Basin have become a frontier target for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration in recent years, yet their petroleum generation potential remains to be fully constrained. Recent exploration wells in the Fukang and Dongdaohaizi depressions have encountered shale sequences within the Badaowan Formation at burial depths exceeding 5000 m, offering a valuable opportunity to assess hydrocarbon potential of deeply buried shales in this area. Methods This study evaluated the hydrocarbon generation potential of the deeply buried shales of Badaowan Formation in the central Junggar Basin by integrating organic geochemistry, microscopic component analysis, hydrous pyrolysis experiments, numerical modeling, and biomarker analysis. Results The deeply buried shales of Badaowan Formation in the Fukang and Dongdaohaizi depressions were selected as research target, and following outcomes were obtained: (1) Shales exhibit relatively high organic matter abundances, with TOC values ranging from 0.75% to 5.06% and 0.81% to 5.27%, respectively, and kerogen is dominated by types II and III; (2) Maturation parameters (R_o=0.70%–0.82% and 0.51%–0.80%, respectively) indicate that the shales are currently in the main oil generation window; (3) Thermal history reconstruction shows that hydrocarbon generation began in the Late Jurassic, passed the main oil generation threshold in the Late Cretaceous, and has continued for approximately 150 million years; (4) Hydrous pyrolysis results show that total hydrocarbon yields of the shales are 380–500 mg/g; (5) Biomarker data reveal a transitional depositional environment of frequent redox fluctuations, with organic inputs from both aquatic organisms and higher terrestrial plants. Conclusions Consequently, Deeply buried shales of Badaowan Formation in the central Junggar Basin possess substantial hydrocarbon generation capacity and constitute a promising exploration target for shale oil and gas.
- Junggar Basin /
- deeply buried shale /
- hydrocarbon generation potential /
- shale oil and gas /
- Badaowan Formation

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图 1 准噶尔盆地中部地区东道海子凹陷与阜康凹陷位置示意图、八道湾组沉积相图和地层综合柱状图

a—准噶尔盆地构造分区；b—阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷八道湾组沉积相图；c—研究区地层综合柱状图

Figure 1. Locations of the Dongdaohaizi and Fukang depressions in the central Junggar Basin and sedimentary facies of Badaowan Formation

(a) Structural units of the Junggar Basin; (b) Lateral distribution of sedimentary facies of Badaowan Formation in the Fukang and Dongdaohaizi depressions; (c) Comprehensive strata column of the studied region

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图 2 准中深层八道湾组页岩典型有机组分荧光显微照片

a—层状藻类体与富氢镜质体；b—孢子体与分散藻类体；c—胶质镜质体；d—角质体；e—藻类体和孢粉体；f—正常镜质体

Figure 2. Typical microscopic components in deeply buried shales of Badaowan Formation

(a) Lamalginite and hydrogen-rich vitrinite; (b) Sporinite and dispersed alginate; (c) Gelocollinite; (d) Cutinite; (e) Alginite and sporomorph; (f) Vitrinite

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图 3 研究区八道湾组深层页岩有机地化特征散点图

a—TOC−S₁+S₂散点图； b—T_max−HI散点图； c—显微组分相对比例散点图； d—R_o−深度散点图

Figure 3. Scatter plots of geochemical data for shale samples of the Badaowan Formation in the studied region

(a) TOC–S₁+S₂ scatter plot; (b) T_max–HI scatter plot; (c) Ternary plot of microscopic component proportion; (d) R_o–depth scatter plot

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图 4 准中地区阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷深层八道湾组典型页岩烃类抽提物生物标志化合物谱图

a—饱和烃总离子流图（TIC），董斜19井, 7179 m；b—m/z 191质量测谱图（萜烷），董斜19井，7179 m；c—m/z 217质量测谱图（甾烷），董斜19井，7179 m；d—饱和烃总离子流图（TIC），成601井，6496 m；e—m/z 191质量测谱图（萜烷），成601井，6496 m；f—m/z 217质量测谱图（甾烷），成601井，6496 m

Figure 4. Chromatographs of biomarkers from organic extracts of typical shales within the Badaowan Formation in the Fukang and Dongdaohaizi depressions of the central Junggar Basin

(a) Total ion chromatograph of saturated hydrocarbons, TIC, Well Dongxie-19, 7179 m; (b) Terpanes, m/z 191, Well Dongxie-19, 7179 m; (c) steranes, m/z 217, Well Dongxie-19, 7179 m; (d) TIC of saturated hydrocarbons, Well Cheng-601, 6496 m; (e) Terpanes, m/z 191, Well Cheng-601, 6496 m; (f) Steranes, m/z 217, Well Cheng-601, 6496 m

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图 5 准中地区阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷深层八道湾组典型页岩抽提物生物标志化合物参数统计图

a—伽马蜡烷指数柱状图；b—Pr/C₁₇−Ph/C₁₈散点图；c—C₂₇−C₂₈−C₂₉规则甾烷相对比例散点图；d—C₂₉Ts/（C₂₉Ts+C₂₉降藿烷）−莫烷/藿烷散点图；e—C₂₉ααα20S/（20S+20R）规则甾烷−C₂₉αββ/（αββ+ααα）规则甾烷散点图；f—Ts/（Ts+Tm）−C₃₁22S/（22S+22R）藿烷散点图

Figure 5. Plots of biomarker ratios for organic extracts from deeply buried shales within the Badaowan Formation in the Fukang and Dongdaohaizi depressions of the central Junggar Basin

(a) Histogram of gammacerane index; (b) Pr/C₁₇ vs. Ph/C₁₈ scatter plot; (c) Ternary plot of C₂₇–C₂₈– C₂₉ regular sterane proportions; (d) C₂₉Ts/(C₂₉Ts+C₂₉)hopane vs. moretane/hopane scatter plot; (e) C₂₉20S/(20S+20R) vs. C₂₉αββ/(αββ+ααα) regular sterane scatter plot; (f) Ts/(Ts+Tm) vs. C₃₁22S/(22S+22R) hopane scatter plot

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图 6 准中地区阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷典型单井模拟R_o、地层温度及地温梯度曲线

a—阜康凹陷董6井R_o−深度关系图； b—阜康凹陷董6井地层温度−深度关系图； c—阜康凹陷董6井地温梯度−时间关系图； d—东道海子凹陷成1井R_o−深度关系图； e—东道海子凹陷成1井地层温度−深度关系图； f—东道海子凹陷成1井地温梯度−时间关系图

Figure 6. R_o, formation temperature and temperature gradient used for basin modeling of typical deeply drilled wells in the Fukang and Dongdaohaizi depressions of the central Junggar Basin

(a) R_o–depth relation of Well Dong-6 in the Fukang depression; (b) Formation temperature–depth relation of Well Dong-6 in the Fukang depression; (c) Temperature gradient–time relation of Well Dong-6 in the Fukang depression; (d) R_o–depth relation of Well Cheng-1 in the Dongdaohaizi depression; (e) Formation temperature–depth relation of Well Cheng 1 in the Dongdaohaizi depression; (f) Temperature gradient–time relation of Well Cheng-1 in the Dongdaohaizi depression

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图 7 准中地区阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷典型深井地层热演化史示意图

a—阜康凹陷董6井；b—东道海子凹陷成1井

Figure 7. Thermal history modeling results of typical deeply drilled wells in the Fukang and Dongdaohaizi depressions of the central Junggar Basin

(a) Well Dong-6 in the Fukang depression; (b) Well Cheng-1 in the Dongdaohaizi depression

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图 8 八道湾组页岩热模拟实验烃类产率随成熟度变化图

a—总烃产率; b—液态烃产率; c—气态烃产率

Figure 8. Hydrocarbon product yields of shales within the Badaowan Formation during hydrous pyrolysis experiments

(a) Total hydrocarbons; (b) Liquid hydrocarbons; (c) Gaseous hydrocarbons

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图 9 准中地区深层八道湾组页岩成烃成藏模式图（A−A’测线位置见图1b）

Figure 9. Petroleum formation and accumulation mode of deeply buried shales within the Badaowan Formation in the central Junggar Basin (Location of the line A–A’ is shown in the Fig. 1b)

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表 1 阜康凹陷与东道海子深层八道湾组页岩分析测试列表

Table 1. Geochemical analysis list of deeply buried shales within the Badaowan Formation in the Fukang and Dongdaohaizi depressions

层位	凹陷	井名	深度/m	测试项目及数量
层位	凹陷	井名	深度/m	岩石热解	显微组分	镜质体反射率	生物标志化合物
八道湾组	阜康凹陷	董斜19	7070~7200	10	5	5	5
		董17	5500~5800	8	1	2	0
		董6	5600~5665	8	1	2	0
		董2	7050~7070	8	2	2	0
		董16	5300~5350	8	1	1	0
	东道海子凹陷	成601	6489~6499	12	5	8	6
		成1	5020~5200	12	4	6	0
		成6	4620~4750	12	5	8	0

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表 2 准中地区东道海子凹陷与阜康凹陷深层八道湾组页岩有机地化特征

Table 2. Organic geochemical features of deeply buried shales within the Badaowan Formation in the Dongdaohaizi and Fukang depressions of the central Junggar Basin

岩性	东道海子凹陷暗色页岩	阜康凹陷暗色泥岩
HI/(mg/g)	67.63~510.59 150.03	43.25~410.60 115.96
TOC /%	0.81~5.27 1.87	0.75~5.06 1.46
S₁+S₂ /(mg/g)	1.83~16.02 4.02	0.52~9.38 3.58
T_max / ℃	435.2~445.8 441.6	436.1~449.1 446.3
R_o/%	0.51~0.80 0.63	0.70~0.82 0.75
注：最小值～最大值　　　平均值

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表 3 准中地区阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷深层八道湾组典型页岩有机显微组分特征表

Table 3. Organic microscopic components in typical shales of the deeply buried Badaowan Formation in the Dongdaohaizi and Fukang depressions within the central Junggar Basin

凹陷	井名	深度/m	有机显微组分/%
凹陷	井名	深度/m	镜质组	惰质组	壳质组	腐泥组
阜康凹陷	董2	7055	29.0	8.3	46.3	16.4
	董2	7062	20.7	0	0	79.3
	董斜19	7179	36.4	27.3	24.2	12.1
	董斜19	7160	45.5	24.2	18.2	12.1
	董斜19	7135	32.3	32.3	19.4	16.1
	董斜19	7115	29.5	24.6	32.8	13.1
	董斜19	7076	30.0	27.5	25.0	17.5
	董16	5310	35.3	26.5	38.2	0
	董17	5555	44.4	27.8	22.2	5.6
	董6	5663	33.3	0	29.6	37.0
东道海子凹陷	成1	5041	35.1	0	0	64.9
	成1	5044	92.6	7.4	0	0
	成1	5089	46.0	0	38.0	16.0
	成1	5122	29.7	0	33.3	37.0
	成601	4598	37.0	44.4	18.5	0
	成601	4594	30.6	30.6	22.2	16.7
	成601	4544	42.1	31.6	10.5	15.8
	成601	4515	26.5	47.1	20.6	5.9
	成601	4467	29.4	32.4	26.5	11.8
	成6	4652	36.4	0	9.1	54.5
	成6	4624	41.7	0	43.3	15.0
	成6	4688	25.0	0	33.3	41.7
	成6	4702	19.7	0	32.3	48.0
	成6	4648	34.0	0	54.0	12.0

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表 4 准中地区阜康凹陷与东道海子凹陷深层典型八道湾组页岩抽提物生物标志化合物比值参数表

Table 4. Biomarker ratios of organic extracts from typical shales within the Badaowan Formation in the Fukang and Dongdaohaizi depressions in the central Junggar Basin

凹陷	井名	深度/m	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	Q
阜康凹陷	董斜19	7179	2.98	0.59	0.72	1.68	0.20	0.08	0.57	0.17	0.67	0.41	33.43	23.52	43.05	0.58	0.43	−	−
		7160	0.86	0.58	0.25	1.24	0.33	0.07	0.57	0.15	0.55	0.36	29.21	21.65	49.14	0.49	0.34	0.54	0.54
		7135	0.85	0.69	0.23	1.85	0.22	0.12	0.52	0.24	0.51	0.29	33.95	30.90	35.15	0.47	0.51	0.56	0.61
		7115	0.89	0.65	0.17	1.27	0.17	0.10	0.57	0.19	0.52	0.23	35.64	27.43	36.93	0.52	0.46	0.61	0.65
		7076	3.30	0.76	0.26	1.42	0.24	0.14	0.57	0.18	0.60	0.39	39.80	21.87	38.33	0.52	0.56	−	−
东道海子凹陷	成601	6489	0.90	0.75	0.23	0.99	0.21	0.08	0.55	0.14	0.62	0.37	36.82	20.31	42.88	0.56	0.51	0.55	0.56
		6492	2.33	0.63	0.26	1.33	0.19	0.08	0.57	0.16	0.52	0.33	26.95	26.12	46.93	0.50	0.47	−	−
		6496	0.89	0.71	0.52	1.41	0.16	0.16	0.61	0.12	0.47	0.25	24.71	38.22	37.06	0.57	0.49	0.58	0.63
		6497	1.04	0.67	0.44	1.42	0.19	0.19	0.58	0.13	0.46	0.26	36.52	37.39	26.09	0.62	0.48	−	−
		6498	0.74	0.60	0.39	0.85	0.19	0.19	0.58	0.13	0.47	0.28	30.10	30.20	39.69	0.40	0.50	0.59	0.66
		6499	0.71	0.61	0.50	1.09	0.21	0.18	0.57	0.14	0.55	0.28	35.30	29.50	35.20	0.39	0.42	−	−
注：A—Pr/Ph；B—C₂₄/C₂₃长链三环萜；C—C₂₂/C₂₁长链三环萜；D—C₂₆/C₂₅长链三环萜；E—C₃₁ R/C₃₀藿烷；F—伽马蜡烷指数；G—C₃₁ 22S/（22S+22R）藿烷；H—莫烷/藿烷；I—Ts/（Ts+Tm），Ts—18α(H)-22,29,30-三降藿烷；Tm—17α(H)-22,29,30-三降藿烷；J—C₂₉Ts/（C₂₉Ts+C₂₉降藿烷）；K—C₂₇规则甾烷 /%；L—C₂₈规则甾烷 /%；M—C₂₉规则甾烷/%；N—C₂₉ 20S/(20S+20R) 规则甾烷； O—C₂₉ αββ/（αββ+ααα）规则甾烷；P—MPI（甲基菲指数）；Q—TrMN（三甲基萘指数）

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表 5 八道湾组页岩热模拟实验烃类产率

Table 5. Hydrocarbon yields during hydrous pyrolysis experiments of shales within the Badaowan Formation

温度 /℃	R_o /%	总烃产率 /(mg/g)	液态烃产率/ (mg/g)	气态烃产率/ (mg/g)
300	0.73	248	240	8
325	1.08	466	435	31
350	1.22	519	475	44
375	1.31	522	466	56
400	1.48	530	461	69
425	1.55	560	472	88
450	2.45	620	470	150
475	3.05	649	472	177
500	3.52	662	470	192
525	4.03	681	471	210

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