Characteristics of current in-situ stress field and engineering zoning evaluation of complex structural areas: A case study of the Longmaxi shale reservoir in the southeastern Sichuan Basin margin
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摘要: 川东南盆缘丁山−东溪地区位于川东断褶带与黔北断褶带交界处,受多期构造运动影响,构造特征复杂。区内志留系龙马溪组页岩气资源丰富,成藏条件优越,勘探开发潜力大,但现今地应力场情况复杂且平面预测精细低,导致水平井之间压裂改造效果与产量差异显著。因此,明确其现今地应力状态及其分布规律有助于提高页岩气开发效益。综合实验测试、测井及微地震等多源数据,精细解释研究区井剖面地应力方向;结合水力压裂、声发射实验与测井资料,明确了井剖面地应力大小特征分布;基于构造变形及断裂特征的精细化地质建模及非均质岩石力学属性赋值,应用数值模拟软件揭示了研究区现今地应力分布特征。在此基础上,分析现今地应力特征对压裂改造效果的影响,构建地应力分区评价标准;结合模拟结果,对丁山−东溪地区进行地应力分区,并依据新井压裂效果与应力状态的匹配关系验证分区效果。结果表明,研究区现今地应力方向多为近东西向,局部受断裂及构造变形影响发生偏转。最大水平主应力、最小水平主应力及垂向主应力分别为58.4~167.0 MPa、38.6~135.4 MPa和54.7~148.2 MPa,呈走滑应力状态;水平两向应力差主要介于5~30 MPa。地应力大小和水平两向应力差整体受控于埋深,在构造变形高部位,地应力及水平两向应力差均减小;断层附近地应力减小,但水平两向应力差增加。以最小水平主应力80 MPa和水平两向应力差20 MPa进行分区;建议选择丁山中部缓斜坡区构造高部位、东溪斜坡区和东溪断背斜区北部的低应力差−低地应力区进行压裂改造。研究成果深化了对川东南盆缘龙马溪组现今地应力场的认识,对压裂改造优化方面具有重要的实践价值。Abstract:
Objective The Dingshan–Dongxi area on the basin margin in southeastern Sichuan is located at the junction of the eastern Sichuan faul–fold zone and the northern Guizhou fault–fold zone on the east side of the Luzhou–Chishui tectonic superposition zone. Affected by multiple tectonic movements, the structure is complex. The Longmaxi Formation in the study area is rich in shale gas resources, with superior geological and reservoir formation conditions, and has great potential for exploration and development. Clarifying the current in-situ stress state and its distribution law is conducive to improving the development efficiency of shale gas. However, the current in-situ stress field in this area is complex, resulting in less precise planar prediction results and significant differences in the fracturing stimulation effect and production between horizontal wells. Method This study provides a detailed interpretation of the direction of the in-situ stress in the well profile of the study area, integrating multi-source data including core tests, well logging and microseismic monitoring. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of in-situ stress magnitudes of the well profile are clarified through hydraulic fracturing, acoustic emission experiments and well logging. The structural deformation and fracture characteristics of the study area were subjected to refined geological modeling and heterogeneous rock mechanics were assigned. Numerical simulation software was applied to simulate the current in-situ stress distribution characteristics of the study area. Finally, based on the analysis of the influence of current in-situ stress characteristics on the effect of fracturing modification, the in-situ stress zoning evaluation standard was constructed. Combined with the simulated results of the in-situ stress field, the in-situ stress zoning was carried out in the Dingshan–Dongxi area, and the zoning outcome was verified through the retrospective evaluation of the fracturing effect of new wells. Results The results show that the current in-situ stress direction in the study area is mostly near-EW direction, and local deflection occurs due to the influence of fractures and structural deformations. The maximum horizontal, minimum and vertical horizontal principal stresses range from 58.4–167.0 MPa, 38.6–135.4 MPa, and 54.7–148.2 MPa, respectively, indicating a strike-slip stress state. The differences between maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress mainly distributed between 5 and 30 MPa. The magnitude of in-situ stress and the difference between maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress are generally controlled by the burial depth. The in-situ stress and the difference between maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress both are lower in areas with high structural deformation, while the in-situ stress is lower and the difference between maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress is higher near faults. The zoning is carried out with a minimum horizontal principal stress of 80 MPa and a difference between maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress of 20 MPa. It is recommended to select the areas with low stress difference and low in-situ stress to conduct fracturing stimulation. These areas are mainly located in the high structural parts of the gentle slope area in the middle of Dingshan, the slope area of Dongxi, and the northern part of the Dongxi fault and anticline area. [ Significance ] This study advances the understanding of the current in-situ stress field of the Longmaxi Formation in the southeastern margin of the Sichuan Basin and possesses significant practical value for the optimization of fracturing stimulation. -
图 1 丁山−东溪地区构造位置、压力分布及地层综合特征图
a—地理位置(据西南油气分公司,2020修改);b—构造分区(据西南油气分公司,2020修改);c—断裂与压力系数分布(据西南油气分公司,2022修改);d—岩性地层综合柱状图
Figure 1. Comprehensive characteristics of structural location, pressure distribution, and stratigraphy in the Dingshan–Dongxi area
(a) Geographic location (modified after Southwest Oil and Gas Branch, 2020); (b) Structural division (modified after Southwest Oil and Gas Branch, 2020); (c) Fault and pressure coefficient distribution (modified after Southwest Oil & Gas Branch, 2022); (d) Comprehensive stratigraphic column of lithology
图 3 基于三种测井方法的现今地应力方向解释结果
a—DS7井龙马溪组钻井诱导缝成像特征;b—DS9井龙马溪组井壁崩落成像特征;c—DS1井龙马溪组崩落椭圆拟合;d—DS9HF井龙马溪组阵列声波各向异性
Figure 3. Current in-situ stress direction interpreted by three logging methods
(a) Drilling-induced fractures of the Longmaxi Formation (4114.2–4138.6 m) in well DS7; (b) Borehole breakout of the Longmaxi Formation (3400.5–3402.2 m) in well DS9; (c) Breakout ellipse fitting of the Longmaxi Formation (2180–2205.0 m) in well DS1; (d) Array acoustic logging of the Longmaxi Formation (3400.0–3450.9 m) in well DS9HF
图 11 丁山−东溪地区现今地应力模拟结果与解释结果交会图
a—最大水平主应力方向;b—最大水平主应力大小;c—最小水平主应力大小;d—垂向主应力大小
Figure 11. Cross-plot of simulation and interpretation results for current in-situ stress in the Dingshan–Dongxi area
(a) Maximum horizontal principal stress direction; (b) Maximum horizontal principal stress magnitude ; (c) Minimum horizontal principal stress magnitude; (d) Vertical principal stress
表 1 岩芯实验测试确定的现今地应力方向
Table 1. Results of current in-situ stress direction interpreted from core experimental test data
井名 层位 深度/m 岩芯定向方位 最大水平主应力与标志线夹角 最大水平主应力方向 DS4井 3 4355.83 N147.2°E 120° N87.2°E DS4井 1 4366.02 N182.4°E 70° N72.4°E DS6井 3 3723.13 N172.5°E 100° N92.5°E DS8井 3 3810.19 N127.4°E 130° N77.4°E DS8井 1 3813.68 N190.2°E 70° N80.2°E DS9井 3 3441.24 N40.9°E 50° N90.9°E DS9井 3 3444.60 N105.3°E 170° N95.3°E 表 2 基于水压致裂的丁山−东溪地区现今地应力大小解释结果
Table 2. In-situ stress magnitude determined by hydraulic fracturing method in the Dingshan–Dongxi area
井名 垂深/m 瞬时停泵压力/MPa 最小主应力/MPa DS1-6HF 2335.70 43.79 63.64 DS1-2HF 2609.33 42.19 64.37 DS8-1HF 3777.00 50.64 82.74 DS6-1HF 3399.68 38.36 67.26 表 3 基于声发射实验的丁山−东溪地区龙马溪组龙一段现今地应力大小
Table 3. Current in-situ stress magnitude of the first member, Longmaxi Formation, Dingshan–Dongxi area determined by acoustic emission tests
井名 深度/m 层号 垂向主应力/MPa 最大水平
主应力/MPa最小水平
主应力/MPaDS9井 3441.24 3 83.69 88.77 76.49 DS9井 3444.60 3 86.70 87.07 81.00 DS9井 3449.02 1 90.18 94.09 83.62 DS9井 3451.34 1 94.56 104.87 77.66 DS4HF井 4395.00 3 108.00 125.00 106.00 DS6HF井 3966.00 3 103.00 117.00 98.00 DS3HF井 2180.00 3 63.00 74.40 58.00 DS1-3HF井 2413.50 3 64.00 73.50 61.50 表 4 丁山−东溪地区不同期次断裂内岩石力学参数赋值表
Table 4. Rock mechanical parameters assigned to faults of different stages, Dingshan–Dongxi area
断裂分期 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 内摩擦力/MPa 内摩擦角/(°) 抗拉强度/MPa 喜山期断裂或燕山晚期
形成且后期复活断裂6.586 0.34 5.02 15.52 2.69 燕山期形成且后期活动较弱断裂 11.235 0.30 9.35 24.89 5.98 表 5 丁山−东溪地区应力加载情况表
Table 5. Stress loading conditions in the Dingshan–Dongxi area
垂向主应力/
MPa垂向主应力梯度/
(MPa/100 m)最大水平主应力/
MPa最大主应力梯度/
(MPa/100 m)最小水平主应力/
MPa最小主应力梯度/
(MPa/100 m)最大主应力方向/
(°)86.64 2.61 92.41 2.90 77.50 2.42 85 -
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