Karst groundwater enrichment law in Laiwu Basin
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摘要: 基于在莱芜盆地开展的水文地质调查与泉水保护工作，通过资料收集、野外地质调查、水文地质钻探及岩矿测试，对区内碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征及富水规律进行研究。结果表明：莱芜盆地碳酸盐岩分布受构造控制明显，集中分布在盆地南部，呈单斜状产出，在盆地北缘、东缘地区零星分布；岩溶发育受地层岩性、地质构造、地下水动力条件及岩浆侵入等多因素影响；地表岩溶形态以溶沟、溶槽为主，地下岩溶以溶蚀裂隙、溶孔溶洞为主，主要发育400 m以浅；岩溶水主要富集在多期构造断块区域、阻水断裂形成的上盘、地下水承压排泄区及莱芜矿山背斜两翼岩溶发育区。研究结果可为鲁中南缺水山区地下水资源开发与利用提供科学技术支撑。Abstract:
Objective The Laiwu Basin is a typical monocline fault basin in the central and southern regions of Shandong Province. It has a complex geological structure and an uneven distribution of groundwater resources within the region. Previous researchers have conducted a large number of hydrogeological and spring water protection studies, but no relevant research has been conducted on the relationship between the development laws of fissure karst and the distribution of karst groundwater. Methods In this study, karstification and groundwater enrichment characteristics were investigated in the Laiwu Basin through research methods of data collection, field geological surveys, hydrogeological drilling, and rock and mineral testing. Results Carbonate strata are concentrated in the southern part of the Laiwu Basin, with a monoclinal structure controlled by the geological structure, which is scattered sporadically in the northern and eastern regions. Karst development is affected by many factors, such as formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater dynamic conditions, and magma intrusion. The principal surface karst features are grikes and karst valleys. In addition, the principal underground karst features were dominated by dissolution fissures and holes at 400 m depth. Karst groundwater is primarily concentrated in multistage structural fault basins, hanging walls formed by water-blocking faults, groundwater pressure discharge areas, and karst development areas on the anticlinal flank of the mine. Conclusion The karst water cycle in the Laiwu Basin has a general regularity of monoclinic basins but is influenced by multiple factors, forming karst water systems of varying sizes that are relatively independent. Significant differences were observed in the development characteristics and water abundance patterns of karsts in different regions. Fault structures and geological water-blocking areas have relatively abundant karst water, whereas the shallow karst water has a strong runoff cycle. [ Significance ] This study provides scientific and technical support for the exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources in water-scarce mountainous areas of central and southern Shandong Province. -
Key words:
- Laiwu Basin /
- karstification /
- groundwater /
- enrichment pattern /
- hydrogeololgy
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图 1 莱芜盆地构造及水文地质简图
a—区域位置示意图；b—水文地质简图
Figure 1. Structural and hydrogeological sketch map of Laiwu Basin
(a) Regional location map; (b) Hydrogeological sketch map
图 2 莱芜盆地水文地质结构图（剖面位置见图1）
a−盆地南部水文地质剖面图；b−盆地北部水文地质剖面图
Figure 2. Hydrogeological Structure Map of Laiwu Basin (The profile position is shown in Figure 1)
（a）Hydrogeological profile map of the southern basin；（b）Hydrogeological profile map of the northern basin
图 3 钻孔揭示的研究区地下岩溶类型
a—溶蚀裂隙；b—溶孔；c—蜂窝状溶孔；d—溶洞
Figure 3. Underground karst types revealed by drilling in study area
(a) Dissolution gap; (b) Dissolution pores; (c) Honeycomb-shaped dissolution pores; (d) Karst cave
图 4 莱芜盆地深部岩溶发育特征统计
Figure 4. Deep karst development characteristics Statistical analysis in Laiwu Basin
图 5 谷家台侵入接触带岩溶发育示意图（据刘元晴等，2020a修改）
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of intrusion contact zone and karst development in Gujiatai (modified from Liu et al.,2020a)
图 6 清泥沟、丈八丘富水块段等水位线图
Figure 6. Water level contours of Qingnigou and Zhangbaqiu water-rich sections
图 8 侵入岩体区域地下水流模式图
Figure 8. Groundwater flow pattern diagram in the intrusion rock mass area
表 1 岩溶层组类型划分表
Table 1. Classification of karst strata groups
岩溶层组类型 碳酸盐
岩占比/%地层 主要岩性 分布区域 纯碳酸盐岩组 灰岩层组 >70 奥陶系马家沟群八陡组、五阳山组、
北庵庄组，寒武系张夏组中厚层灰岩、微晶灰岩，云斑灰岩、
生物碎屑灰岩等莱芜盆地牛泉镇—高
庄镇一带白云岩层组 奥陶系马家沟群阁庄组、土峪组、东黄
山组，寒武系三山子组，寒武系朱砂洞组中厚层白云岩、灰质白云岩 莱芜盆地牛泉镇—高
庄镇一带不纯碳酸盐岩组 碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩层组 30～70 寒武系炒米店组 中薄层灰岩、疙瘩状灰岩夹泥质页岩 清泥沟—老君堂 碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩层组 <30 寒武系崮山组、馒头组 黄绿色、紫红色页岩夹薄层灰岩 清泥沟—老君堂 
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表 2 岩矿测试分析结果统计表
Table 2. Statistical table of rock test analysis results
地层 主要岩性 CaO含量/% 可溶岩含量/% 可溶岩均值/% 线岩溶率/% 白垩系 安山岩、辉绿岩等 2.95～8.25 6.50～11.74 9.12 / 古近系朱家沟组 灰质砾岩、砂泥岩等 1.19～49.27 2.81～49.69 29.33 8.5 奥陶系马家沟群 灰岩、白云岩、微晶灰岩等 44.54～52.55 49.50～54.56 52.48 23.5 奥陶系三山子组 白云岩、微晶白云岩等 29.53～50.91 48.30～51.67 49.92 22.5 寒武系炒米店组 灰岩、竹叶状灰岩等 24.31～51.56 40.11～52.10 49.50 20.6 寒武系崮山组 瘤状灰岩、页岩等 42.02～52.26 38.56～52.80 46.25 17.8 寒武系张夏组 石灰岩、泥晶灰岩等 14.66～46.72 22.37～48.23 37.70 15.6 鲕粒灰岩 46.88～52.43 47.82～53.99 51.95 22.8 寒武系馒头组 薄层页岩夹灰岩等 1.58～19.50 3.89～21.44 20.51 10.6 泥质灰岩、灰岩等 10.66～53.32 19.48～53.81 38.48 13.5 寒武系朱砂洞组 白云岩、微晶白云岩等 25.68～46.82 38.08～53.04 47.18 19.7
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