Abstract: The stability of surrounding rock of mine roadway, traffic tunnel and other underground chamber is closely related to the regional ground stress environment of rock mass. Based on the 10.20 rock burst accident in Longyun Coal Industry, through in-situ stress measurement and monitoring, we have preliminarily revealed the present earth stress environment in the shallow crust of western Shandong Province. According to the characteristics of the present ground stress field near Longyun Coal mining area, the paper discusses the dynamic background of the rock burst accident, and puts forward corresponding prevention and control suggestions from the perspective of ground stress. The results show that the principal stress is directly proportional to the depth, the maximum horizontal principal stress is 3.48~20.76MPa, and the gradient is 0.0182MPa/m as the depth increases. The minimum horizontal principal stress is 3.44~14.95MPa, and the gradient is 0.0130MPa/m as the depth increases. The maximum horizontal principal stress azimuth is N43°~89°E, and the average azimuth is N75°E. The tectonic action on the surface of the crust is mainly horizontal movement, but with the increase of depth, the tectonic action gradually changes to vertical movement. The dynamic mechanism of rock burst accident in Longyun Coal Industry is mainly due to the large buried depth in the accident area and the vertical stress environment.