Abstract: The extraction of paleovegetation and paleoclimate information from loess-paleosol strata is the most direct evidences of the history of inner Asia desertification and aridification. In this paper, the palynological records during the middle and late Late Pleistocene in Qingshuihe Basin of southern Ningxia are analyzed. The results show that four pollen assemblage zones were identified from bottom to top, clarifying the paleovegetation and paleoclimate change during the middle and late Late Pleistocene in this region. It is speculated that the middle Late Pleistocene (75-50ka B.P.) was a period of an Artemisia–dominated steppe landscape and the climate was cooling and relatively drying. During the period of late Late Pleistocene (25-15 Ka B.P.), the vegetation appeared alternately from desert-steppe or steppe and forest-steppe and gradually transited to desert-steppe. During this period, the summer monsoon gradually increased, resulting in the climate becoming cold and dry gradually, and the climate transiting from warm, cool and wet to cold and dry. The further study of palynological records during the middle and late Late Pleistocene in the Qingshuihe Basin of southern Ningxia is of great significance not only for the correct understanding of the evolution of the natural environment history of the Loess Plateau, but also for the decision-making of the governance of the Loess Plateau.