Geologic characteristics of the Naqiong Sb-Au deposit and prospecting prediction for Au-polymetallic deposits in Longzi County, Tibet
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摘要: 那穷锑金矿是近年来通过区域地质矿产调查在西藏自治区隆子县新发现的金多金属矿床，其矿化带受断裂构造控制。目前该矿床研究程度相对较低，若对其成矿地质条件、地质特征及找矿潜力等内容进行专门性和系统性研究，可为该矿床的下步找矿勘探工作提供依据。文章通过总结区域成矿地质背景，分析了该矿床地质特征、地球物理与地球化学异常特征、包裹体地球化学特征，并结合遥感地质特征和异常查证开展相关研究工作，结果表明：矿体主要产于上三叠统涅如组中，受东西向次级断裂构造带控制，目前共发现3条破碎蚀变带；土壤地球化学剖面测量工作中，选择了Sb、Au、As、Bi、Cu作为Sb及多金属成矿指示元素，共圈定单元素异常10处，各元素异常套合较好；激电中梯测量共圈定极化体2条，视极化率异常3处；与成矿有关的流体包裹体类型主要为富液包裹体，并推测矿区流体为含微量CO2、N2气体的中低温低盐度NaCl-H2O热液体系。综合分析认为那穷锑金矿区具备优越的成矿条件，具有寻找金多金属矿的潜力。
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关键词:
- 那穷锑金矿 /
- 地球化学和地球物理特征 /
- 地质特征 /
- 找矿前景分析 /
- 西藏
Abstract: The Naqiong Sb-Au deposit is a newly discovered Au-polymetallic deposit in Longzi county, Tibet. Recent years of regional geological surveys reveal that its mineralized zone is controlled by fault structure. In view of the relatively low research degree of this deposit, specialized and systematic research on its metallogenic geologic conditions, geologic characteristics and prospecting potentials will lay a foundation for further prospecting and exploration work of this deposit. The geologic characteristics, geophysical and geochemical anomaly characteristics, and inclusion geochemical characteristics are analyzed based on the regional metallogenic geological background. The analysis results in combination with the remote sensing geologic characteristics and anomaly verification work show that the ore bodies mainly occur in the Nieru formation of the upper Triassic and are controlled by the EW-trending secondary fault structural belt. Three fractured alteration zones have been found. Through the soil geochemical profile survey, Sb, Au, As, Bi and Cu are selected as the indicator elements for Sb and polymetallic mineralization. Altogether there are ten single element anomalies, showing good match with each other. Two polarization bodies and three apparent polarizability anomalies are defined by induced polarization intermediate gradient measurement. The fluid inclusions related to mineralization are mainly liquid-rich inclusions. It is inferred that the fluid in the mining area belongs to a medium-low temperature and low salinity NaCl-H2O hydrothermal system containing traces of CO2 and N2. Overall, the available data support the notion that the Naqiong Sb-Au mining area has superior metallogenic conditions for Au-polymetallic deposits. -
图 1 西藏古堆-隆子地区区域构造纲要及矿产分布图(据娄元林等，2019；许云鹏，2021修改)
1—第四纪冲积、冰积堆积；2—侏罗纪-白垩纪滨浅海碎屑岩建造，含火山碎屑岩建造；3—侏罗纪海相碎屑岩建造，含火山碎屑岩建造、碳酸盐岩建造；4—晚三叠世海相碎屑岩建造，含火山碎屑岩建造；5—中新世二云二长花岗岩；6—始新世石英闪长岩；7—晚白垩世辉绿玢岩；8—未分岩脉；9—伸展剥离断层；10—韧性剪切带；11—实测平推断层；12—推测平推断层；13—实测断层线；14—推测断层线；15—平行不整合界线；16—角度不整合界线；17—背斜轴线；18—向斜轴线；19—地质界线；20—典型锑铅锌矿；21—典型锑金矿；22—典型锑矿；23—典型锌矿；24—典型金矿；25—典型铜矿；26—地名；27—那穷锑金矿及矿区范围；Ⅰ—雅拉香波变质核杂岩；Ⅱ—卓木日-俗坡下逆冲推覆带；Ⅲ—甲坞-多日褶皱冲断带
a—古堆-隆子地区大地构造略图；b—那穷锑金矿周边矿产分布图Figure 1. Regional tectonics and mine distribution in the Gudui-Longzi area, Tibet (modified from Lou et al., 2019; Xu, 2021)
(a) Sketch map showing the tectonic units in the Gudui-Longzi area; (b) Distribution of mines in the Naqiong Sb-Au deposit and surrounding areas
1-Quaternary alluvial-glacial accumulation; 2-Jurassic-Cretaceous littoral and shallow sea clastic rock formation, volcanic clastic rock formation; 3-Jurassic marine clastic rock formation, volcanic clastic rock formation, carbonate rock formation; 4-Late Triassic marine clastic rock formation, volcanic clastic rock formation; 5-Miocene Ermo-feldspar granite; 6-Eocene quartz diorite; 7-Late Cretaceous diabase porphyrite; 8-Undetermined dikes; 9-Extensional detachment fault; 10-Ductile shear zone; 11-Measured transcurrent fault; 12-Inferred transcurrent fault; 13-Measured fault line; 14-Inferred fault line; 15-Parallel unconformity boundary; 16-Angular unconformity boundary; 17-Anticline axis; 18-Syncline axis; 19-Geologic boundary; 20-Typical Sb-Pn-Zn deposit; 21-Typical Sb-Au deposit; 22-Typical Sb deposit; 23-Typical Zn deposit; 24-Typical Au deposit; 25-Typical Cu deposit; 26-Place names; 27-The Naqiong Sb-Au deposit and its mining areas; Ⅰ-Yalashangbo metamorphic core complex; Ⅱ-Zhuomuri-Supoxia thrust nappe belt; Ⅲ-Jiawu-Duori fold and thrust belt
图 2 那穷锑金矿综合地质图
1—第四系；2—上三叠统涅如组第三段；3—上三叠统涅如组第二段；4—上三叠统涅如组第一段；5—辉绿岩；6—玄武安山岩；7—地质界线；8—断层及编号；9—视极化率异常及编号；10—1:50000水系沉积物测量金异常及编号；11—1:50000水系沉积物测量锑异常及编号；12—土壤地球化学剖面测量金异常及编号；13—土壤地球化学剖面测量砷异常及编号；14—土壤地球化学剖面测量锑异常及编号；15—土壤地球化学剖面测量铋异常及编号；16—土壤地球化学剖面测量银异常及编号；17—土壤地球化学剖面测量铜异常及编号；18—破碎蚀变带及编号；19—探槽及编号；20—金品位/厚度；21—激电中梯剖面测量测线及编号
Figure 2. A generalized geological map of the Naqiong Sb-Au deposit
1-Quaternary; 2-The third member of the Upper Triassic Nieru Formation; 3-The sccond member of the Triassic Nieru Formation; 4-The first member of the Upper Triassic Nieru Formation; 5-Diabase; 6-Basaltic andesite; 7-Geologic boundary; 8-Fault and number; 9-Apparent polarizability anomaly and number of geophysical prospecting; 10-Au anomaly and number in 1:50000-scale stream sediment survey; 11-Sb anomaly and number in 1:50000-scale stream sediment survey; 12-Au anomaly and number in soil geochemical profile survey; 13-As anomaly and number in soil geochemical profile survey; 14-Sb anomaly and number in soil geochemical profile survey; 15-Bi anomaly and number in soil geochemical profile survey; 16-Ag anomaly and number in soil geochemical profile survey; 17-Cu anomaly and number in soil geochemical profile survey; 18-Fractured alteration zone and number; 19-Exploration trench and number; 20-Au grade/thickness; 21-Lines and numbers of the induced polarization intermediate gradient survey profile
图 3 那穷锑金矿TC004素描图
1—第四系；2—辉绿岩；3—板岩；4—破碎板岩；5—辉锑矿化；6—采样及编号；7—产状；8—等线方位及坡角
Figure 3. A sketch map of TC004 in the Naqiong Sb-Au deposit
1-Quaternary; 2-Diabase; 3-Slate; 4-Fractures slate; 5-Stibnite mineralization; 6-Sampling point and number; 7-Occurrence; 8-Direction and Angle of conductor
图 4 那穷锑金矿矿石露头照片
a—TC004揭露的3号矿化带；b—辉锑矿石(破碎蚀变岩)；c—含石英脉的粉砂岩(围岩)
Figure 4. Photos showing the outcrops in the Naqiong Sb-Au deposit
(a) No.3 mineralized zone revealed by TC004; (b) Stibnite ore (fractured altered rock); c-Siltstone with quartz veins (surrounding rock)
图 5 那穷锑金矿激电中梯视极化率剖面平面图及等值线异常图
a—视极化率剖面平面图；b—视极化率等值线异常图
Figure 5. Intermediate gradient apparent polarizability profile plane and contour anomaly diagram in induced polarization of the Naqiong Sb-Au deposit
(a) Apparent polarizability profile plane; (b) Apparent polarizability contour anomaly diagram
图 6 那穷锑金矿流体包裹体显微镜下照片
L—液相; V—气相
a—包裹体成带状分布；b—包裹体成群分布；c—富液包裹体和气体包裹体；d—富液包裹体Figure 6. Microscope photos of fluid inclusions in the Naqiong deposit
(a) Banded distribution of inclusions; (b) Clustered distribution of inclusions; (c) Liquid-rich inclusions and gas inclusions; (d) Liquid-rich inclusions
L-Liquid phase; V-Vapor phase表 1 那穷锑金矿土壤剖面测量异常特征表
Table 1. Anomaly characteristics of the soil profile survey in the Naqiong Sb-Au deposit
异常编号 异常下限 面积/km2 形状 浓度分带 最高值 平均值 衬度 规模/km2 异常点数/个 Au-1 2.5 0.06 椭圆状 外 8.25 4.75 1.90 0.12 7 Au-2 2.5 0.02 椭圆状 外 4.42 3.45 1.38 0.02 6 Au-3 2.5 0.01 椭圆状 外 4.65 3.79 1.52 0.02 6 As-1 50.0 0.28 不规则状 外 144.00 80.61 1.61 0.45 36 As-2 50.0 0.10 椭圆状 外、中、内 324.00 163.01 3.26 0.31 18 Sb-1 2.5 0.21 不规则状 外、中 10.20 6.03 2.41 0.50 31 Sb-2 2.5 0.07 椭圆状 外、中 7.58 5.43 2.17 0.15 18 Cu-1 54.0 0.17 不规则状 外 65.60 60.58 1.12 0.19 13 Cu-2 54.0 0.08 条带状 外 68.20 61.41 1.14 0.10 7 Bi-1 1.0 0.17 椭圆状 外、中 5.21 1.91 1.91 0.32 28 注：Au/×10-9，其他元素/×10-6 
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表 2 那穷锑金矿激电中梯异常特征表
Table 2. Anomaly characteristics of intermediate gradient in induced polarization(IP) in the Naqiong Sb-Au deposit
异常编号 形态特征 地质特征 异常分类 ηs-1 位于矿区西南部，串珠状分布，北东走向，长约800 m，宽约200 m，南西端未封闭；视极化率异常下限7.9%，最大值14%，平均值约为13%，极化较强，视电阻率平均值约为120 Ω·m 异常位置出露岩性为上三叠统涅如组(T3n)灰色粉砂质绢云母板岩夹中厚层状细粒岩屑杂砂岩 丙2 ηs-2 位于矿区南部，条带状分布，长约2000 m，宽约200 m，南端未封闭；视极化率异常下限7.9%，最大值14.5%，平均值13%，极化较强，视电阻率平均值为120 Ω·m 乙3 ηs-3 位于矿区东南部，条带状分布，长约1600 m，宽约100 m，南东端未封闭；视极化率异常下限7.9%，最大值14.8%，平均值13.5%，极化较强，视电阻率平均值为120 Ω·m 乙3
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