Identifying intergranular pore types by distinguishing between cementation and dissolution of dotted calcite: A case study of the Xinhe Formation sandstones in the Yabrai Basin, China
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摘要: 目前含油气砂岩中粒间孔隙是原生孔隙还是次生孔隙的认识仍不一致，而对星点状方解石胶结与溶解的识别能够有效地查明粒间孔隙的类型。文章通过铸体薄片细致地观察雅布赖盆地新河组砂岩中的微观现象，以成岩环境演化和成岩序列分析为主线，重视方解石胶结物的赋存状态与物质来源和溶蚀流体来源的配置关系，精细解剖微观现象，从而弄清楚星点状方解石的成因，进而查明砂岩的粒间孔隙类型和储集空间类型。结果表明，粒间孔隙中的星点状方解石是成岩早期浸染状方解石胶结物的溶蚀残余，溶蚀流体为成岩中期的有机酸流体，溶蚀类型为一致性溶解，形成的粒间孔隙为次生孔隙。鉴于此，雅布赖盆地新河组砂岩的储集空间由次生粒间孔隙和次生粒内孔隙（长石、岩屑、方解石胶结物的溶蚀孔隙）组成。Abstract: There is still no consensus among researchers about whether intergranular pores in oil-bearing sandstone are primary pores or secondary pores. Distinguishing between cementation and dissolution of dotted calcite can effectively identify intergranular pore types. In this paper, taking the diagenetic environment evolution and diagenesis sequence as the thread, we carefully observed the casting slices from the Xinhe Formation sandstones in the Yabrai Basin and finely dissected the microphenomenon by focusing on the calcite cements in its relation between the origins of substance and dissolution fluids and the occurrence mode. The genesis of the dotted calcite was clarified thus, and then the intergranular pore types and reservoir space types in the sandstones were identified. The study results show that the dotted calcite in the intergranular pore is the dissolution residue of the disseminated calcite formed in the early diagenetic stage, and the dissolution type is the consistent dissolution. The dissolution fluid, organic acid fluid formed during the middle diagenetic stage, caused the secondary pores. Therefore, it is concluded that the reservoir space in the Xinhe Formation sandstones in the Yabrai Basin consists of the secondary intergranular pores and the secondary intragranular pores such as dissolution pores of cements of feldspar, lithoclast, lithoclast.
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图 1 雅布赖盆地地理位置与构造单元划分
Figure 1. Sketch map showing the location and tectonic units of the Yabrai Basin
图 2 雅布赖盆地新河组砂岩岩石学特征显微照片
Q—石英；F—长石；Rv—火山岩屑；Rm—变质岩屑；Qo—次生石英加大；Fo—次生长石加大；Ca—方解石胶结物；P—粒间孔隙；PF—长石溶蚀孔隙；PRv—火山岩溶蚀孔隙；PCa—方解石胶结物溶蚀孔隙
a、b—雅探6井，2651.57 m，石英、长石、火山岩屑、变质岩屑大小混杂堆积，方解石胶结物多，次生长石加大和次生石英加大少见，粒间孔隙中可见零星分布的方解石(蓝色箭头所指处)，a为单偏光，b为正交偏光；c、d—雅探11井，2597.64 m，团块状方解石胶结物发育的微域碎屑颗粒间点接触或基底式接触，次生长石加大发育，粒间孔隙中可见星点状方解石(蓝色箭头所指处)，c为单偏光，d为正交偏光；e—雅探6井，2651.57 m，粒间孔隙、长石溶蚀孔隙、岩屑溶蚀孔隙，粒间孔隙中常见星点状方解石(蓝色箭头所指处)，单偏光；f—雅探7井，2406.62 m，方解石经混合液染色呈蓝色，方解石溶蚀孔隙发育，单偏光Figure 2. Microscopy photos of petrological characteristics of Xinhe Formation sandstones, Yabrai Basin. (a, b) The Well YT6, 2651.57 m; large and small mixed accumulation of quartz, feldspar, volcanic and metamorphic debris. Calcite cements are more than feldspar overgrowths and quartz overgrowths; calcite distributes sporadically in intergranular pores(where the blue arrows point); a is taken under single polar and b is taken under crossed polar. (c, d) The well YT11, 2597.64 m; in the micro domain where the massive calcite cements are developed, the clastic particles are in point contact or basal contact; feldspars overgrow; dotted calcites are distributed in intergranular pores(where the blue arrows point); c is taken under single polar and d is taken under crossed polar. (e) The well YT6, 2651.57 m; there are intergranular pores, feldspar dissolution pores and debris dissolution pores; dotted calcites are distributed in intergranular pores(where the blue arrows point); e is taken under single polar. (f) The well YT7, 2406.62 m; calcite was dyed blue by mixed solution; the dissolution pores of calcite are well developed; f is taken under single polar
Q-quartz; F-feldspar; Rv-volcanic debris; Rm-metamorphic debris; Qo-Quartz overgrowth; Fo-feldspar overgrowth; Ca-calcite cement; P-intergranular pore; PF-dissolution pore of feldspar; PRv-dissolution pore of volcanic rock; PCa-dissolution pore of calcite cement
图 3 雅布赖盆地新河组砂岩方解石胶结与溶解显微照片
Ca1—浸染状方解石胶结物，Ca2—团块状方解石胶结物，Ca3—斑块状方解石胶结物，Ca4—星点状方解石胶结物
a、b—雅探6井，2654.75 m，浸染状方解石胶结物，形成钙质砂岩，a为单偏光，b为正交偏光；c、d—雅探1井，2914.71 m，团块状方解石胶结物，与粒间孔隙接触处方解石胶结物溶蚀成港湾状，c为单偏光，d为正交光；e—雅探6井，2653.34 m，斑块状方解石胶结物，边缘参差不齐，单偏光；f—雅探6井，2651.82 m，星点状和斑块状方解石附着在粒间孔隙壁面上，方解石表面凹凸不平，单偏光Figure 3. Microscopy photos of caltite cementation and dissolution in Xinhe Formation sandstones, Yabrai Basin. (a, b) The well YT6, 2654.75 m; disseminated calcite cements form calcareous sandstones, a is taken under single polar and b is taken under crossed polar. (c, d) The well YT1, 2914.71 m; the massive calcite cements next to intergranular pores are dissolved into a harbor, c is taken under single polar and d is taken under crossed polar. (e) The well YT6, 2653.34 m; the edge of patchy calcite cements are uneven, e is taken under single polar. (f) The well YT6, 2651.82 m; the dotted and patchy calcites adhere to the walls of intergranular pores, and the surface of calcites are uneven; f is taken under single polar.
Ca1-disseminated calcite cement; Ca2-massive calcite cement; Ca3-patchy calcite cement; Ca4-dotted calcite cement
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