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山东蒙山九龙潭冰川堆积“垄槽序列”的特征及演化过程研究——兼论冰川、泥石流堆积序列的差异性

王照波 王江月 何乐龙 张剑 赵向阳 李宝杰

王照波, 王江月, 何乐龙, 等, 2021. 山东蒙山九龙潭冰川堆积“垄槽序列”的特征及演化过程研究——兼论冰川、泥石流堆积序列的差异性. 地质力学学报, 27 (1): 105-116. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.011
引用本文: 王照波, 王江月, 何乐龙, 等, 2021. 山东蒙山九龙潭冰川堆积“垄槽序列”的特征及演化过程研究——兼论冰川、泥石流堆积序列的差异性. 地质力学学报, 27 (1): 105-116. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.011
WANG Zhaobo, WANG Jiangyue, HE Lelong, et al., 2021. Characteristics and evolution process of the ridge-groove sequence of the Jiulongtan glacial accumulation in Mengshan, Shandong: with the discussion on the difference of accumulation sequence of glacier and debris flow. Journal of Geomechanics, 27 (1): 105-116. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.011
Citation: WANG Zhaobo, WANG Jiangyue, HE Lelong, et al., 2021. Characteristics and evolution process of the ridge-groove sequence of the Jiulongtan glacial accumulation in Mengshan, Shandong: with the discussion on the difference of accumulation sequence of glacier and debris flow. Journal of Geomechanics, 27 (1): 105-116. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.011

山东蒙山九龙潭冰川堆积“垄槽序列”的特征及演化过程研究——兼论冰川、泥石流堆积序列的差异性

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.011
基金项目: 

自然资源部金矿成矿过程与资源利用重点实验室开放课题 201403

山东指南针矿产勘查有限公司"东亚冷槽追索计划"项目 20180101

详细信息
    作者简介:

    王照波(1971-), 男, 高级工程师, 从事地质矿产勘查与第四纪地质研究。E-mail: 13805498543@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P534.63

Characteristics and evolution process of the ridge-groove sequence of the Jiulongtan glacial accumulation in Mengshan, Shandong: with the discussion on the difference of accumulation sequence of glacier and debris flow

  • 摘要: 中国东部中低山区是否存在第四纪冰川已经争议了一个世纪,作为东部地区冰川堆积重要依据的"泥砾"(冰碛),一直被持非冰川观点者称作是泥石流沉积物。但是,由于冰川与泥石流的堆积过程之间存在本质差别,这必然在堆积体的特征上表现出专属性差异。因此建立冰川与泥石流在堆积特征与堆积过程上的专属性差异,在冰碛物的成因分析、冰碛堆积过程恢复上就有着重要意义。文章在对比分析了冰川堆积与泥石流堆积的过程差异的基础上,发现两类堆积体在平面与剖面上都存在明确的专属性差别。冰川冰碛在平面上形成专属性的垄槽序列,剖面上显示为无层理、混杂堆积状态。泥石流形成堆积扇,扇面上呈放射状垄岗堆积,剖面上表现为韵律序列。这是区别冰川与泥石流堆积体的本质所在。在此基础上,对蒙山九龙潭一带混杂堆积体进行调查与恢复,发现其具有典型的冰川成因垄槽序列特征,结合其剖面上表现为无层理、混杂堆积特征,从沉积序列与沉积过程的角度,佐证了蒙山九龙潭混杂堆积为第四纪冰川作用的事实。垄槽序列既是堆积物是否为冰川作用属性判断的专属性特征,也是恢复冰碛堆积体基本地貌特征与堆积过程的理论基础。

     

  • 图  1  雄古冰川垄槽序列与古乡泥石流堆积扇特征

    a—雄古冰川垄槽序列卫星图片;b—雄古冰川垄槽序列平面分布图;c—古乡泥石流扇卫星图片;d—古乡泥石流扇物质组成平面分布图(杜榕桓等,1985)

    Figure  1.  Ridge-groove sequence of the Xionggu Glacier and characteristics of the debris flow accumulation fan in Guxiang

    图  2  泥石流与冰碛堆积体的剖面特征

    a—云南小江粘-稀性泥石流堆积剖面照片(杜榕桓等,1987);b—泥石流堆积体剖面韵律素描图(A为砂、砾石、粘土的混合层;B为大砾石组成的石线;C为清砂或粘土层,最厚仅十几厘米;熊黑钢,1983);c—新疆奎屯河源稀性泥石流显示的粒序垂向变化(邓养鑫,1995);d—新疆奎屯河源粘性泥石流剖面(E为表砾层;F为主流体层;G为底泥层;邓养鑫,1995);e—美国南乔治亚州诺登斯克冰川中融出的泥沙、砾石在冰川边缘地带正在形成冰碛混杂堆积体(Benn and Evans, 2010);f—喜马拉雅山北麓聂聂雄拉冰期命名地的冰碛混杂堆积剖面

    Figure  2.  Sectional characteristics of the debris flows and moraine deposits

    图  3  蒙山清荣冰川系统与九龙潭垄槽序列分布图

    a—清荣冰斗(下面连接U形谷);b—冰斗平坦指数计算公式(P为冰斗后缘高程,Q为冰坎高程,H冰斗高度,EB冰斗长度;张威等,2008);c—混杂堆积冰碛剖面(位于样品SX01附近);d—侧碛垄及表面的漂砾群;e—龟蒙冰川系统分布图(QR01为宇生核素样品编号)

    Figure  3.  Distribution diagram of the Qingrong glacier system and the Jiulongtan ridge-groove sequence in Mengshan

    图  4  九龙潭冰碛“垄槽序列”特征及典型照片

    a—九龙潭垄槽序列平面特征与年龄样品位置分布图(1采样位置;2样品编号);b—西列Ⅲ号侧碛垄剖面(厚5.5 m,无分选,呈典型混杂堆积);c—东列Ⅱ号侧碛垄(道路附近沟谷为边槽,左侧为冰碛垄及漂砾,右侧为基岩);d—九龙潭垄槽序列剖面图

    Figure  4.  Charateristics of the Jiulongtan ridge-groove sequence and typical photos

    表  1  蒙山九龙潭冰川系统冰碛宇生核素测年结果(王照波等,2018b)

    Table  1.   Dating results of CRN from glacial till in Mengshan (Wang et al., 2018b)

    样品编号 采样位置 纬度(N) 经度(E) 海拔/m 年龄/ka
    QR01 清荣峡谷 35.5° 117.8° 752 5.27±0.9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  蒙山九龙潭冰川系统冰碛光释光测年结果

    Table  2.   OSL dating results of the Jiulongtan moraine

    样品编号 采样位置 纬度(N) 经度(E) U/(μg/g) Th/(μg/g) K/% 质量含水量/% 等效剂量/Gy 年龄/ka
    GL01 西Ⅱ道垄 35°31′52″ 117°49′42″ 1.27 9.58 1.96 22.59 >447.7 >129.2
    GL02 西Ⅲ道垄 35°31′54″ 117°49′50″ 1.09 8.36 1.88 21.64 215.4 67.4±8.5
    GL03 东Ⅰ道垄 35°31′52″ 117°49′56″ 1.45 9.37 1.95 17.25 >429.5 >121.6
    GL04 东Ⅲ道垄 35°31′45″ 117°49′46″ 1.48 9.10 1.86 28.58 >371.7 >111.0
    SX01 生肖广场 35°31′47″ 117°49′33″ 2.32 8.28 2.22 4.47 / /
    SX02 生肖广场 35°33′47″ 117°49′33″ 2.38 8.26 2.20 7.35 / /
    ST01 寿桃石上边 35°31′51″ 117°49′40″ 2.40 9.19 2.10 10.89 >360.0 >88.3
    测试单位:自然资源部海洋地质实验检测中心
    下载: 导出CSV
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