Comparison and exploration of hydrocarbon expulsion patterns of different types of source rocks
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摘要: 烃源岩的排烃是准确预测含油气盆地油气资源必须涉及的一个非常重要的环节，为了得到不同有机质类型烃源岩的排烃效率、排烃机理，选取不同有机质类型烃源岩进行了黄金管模拟实验，总结了不同类型烃源岩在各演化阶段产物的变化特征与排烃效率。结果表明，烃源岩类型对总生成油与残留油中轻重烃的比例影响较大，但是对排出油中轻重烃的比例影响较低，排出油中均表现为在未熟—成熟阶段以重烃为主，在高熟—过熟阶段以轻烃为主。烃源岩的类型对生排油量的影响明显，烃源岩的类型越好，生排油量越高。Ⅰ型烃源岩的生排油量最高，Ⅲ型烃源岩最低。烃源岩类型越好，排油效率越高。Ⅲ型烃源岩排油效率低，与其生成气态烃较多、显微组分中镜质组含量较高有关。Abstract: Hydrocarbon expulsion from source rocks is a very important part in the accurate prediction of oil and gas resources in petroliferous basins. In order to obtain the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency and mechanism, the source rocks of different organic matter types were selected for the gold tube simulation experiments, product change characteristics and hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of different types of source rocks in different evolution stages are summarized. The results show that, the type has a great influence on the proportion of light and heavy hydrocarbons in total oil and residual oil, but has little on that in discharged oil; the discharged oil is dominated by heavy hydrocarbons in the immature-mature stage and light hydrocarbons in the high-mature-overmature stage. The type has obvious influence on the amount of oil generation and discharge. The better the type of source rock is, the higher the amount of oil generation and discharge is. The oil generation and discharge amount of typeⅠsource rocks is the highest and that of typeⅢsource rocks is the lowest. The better the type of source rock is, the higher the oil discharge efficiency is. The low oil discharge efficiency of typeⅢsource rocks is related to the high generation of gaseous hydrocarbon and the high content of vitrinite in macerals.
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图 2 不同类型烃源岩热模拟产物轻重烃产量变化图
①—未成熟—低成熟阶段；②—成熟阶段；③—高成熟阶段；④—过成熟阶段；线条与纵坐标所围区域为其产量
Figure 2. Variation diagram of light and heavy hydrocarbon productions from thermal simulation products of different types of source rocks
图 3 不同类型烃源岩总油、排出油、残留油柱状图
Figure 3. Columnar diagrams of total oil, discharged oil and residual oil from different types of source rocks
图 4 不同类型烃源岩排油模式图
①—未成熟—低成熟阶段；②—成熟阶段；③—高成熟阶段；④—过成熟阶段；线条与纵坐标所围区域为其产量
Figure 4. Oil discharge model diagram of different types of source rocks
图 5 不同类型烃源岩排油效率变化图
①未—低熟阶段；②成熟阶段；③高成熟阶段；④过成熟阶段
Figure 5. Variation diagram of oil discharge efficiency of different types of source rocks
表 1 实验样品基本信息
Table 1. Basic information table of experimental samples
编号 深度/
m岩性 层位 所属盆地 TOC/
%S1+S2/
(mg/g)Tmax/
℃原始Ro/
%有机质类型 S1 2720~2820 泥岩 沙三段 渤海盆地 2.46 13.11 440 0.45 Ⅰ S2 3330~3524 泥岩夹薄层砂岩 文昌组 珠江口盆地 3.04 19.24 446 0.55 Ⅱ S3 2983~3380 泥岩 平湖组 东海盆地西湖凹陷 1.89 2.34 458 0.61 Ⅲ 
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表 2 温度点对应easy Ro值
Table 2. Easy Ro values corresponding to temperature points
温度/℃ 320 345.8 369.6 395.4 420.3 444.7 470.7 495.5 550.1 600 easy Ro/% 0.51 0.62 0.72 0.87 1.07 1.33 1.66 2.06 3.02 3.87
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表 3 各种烃类组分及随热演化变化数据
Table 3. Data sheet of various hydrocarbon components and their evolution with thermal evolution
样品号 easy
Ro/%气态烃/(mg/g-TOC) 排出油/(mg/g-TOC) 残留油/(mg/g-TOC) 总油/(mg/g-TOC) C1-5 C6-14 C14+ C6-14 C14+ C6-14 C14+ S1-1 0.51 2.54 0.11 24.36 4.71 159.87 4.82 184.23 S1-2 0.62 8.82 0.15 64.99 6.37 303.47 6.51 368.45 S1-3 0.72 20.16 7.61 90.44 21.69 470.74 29.29 561.18 S1-4 0.87 41.72 24.59 149.05 43.32 508.13 67.92 657.18 S1-5 1.07 79.42 68.13 261.23 64.91 383.05 133.04 644.28 S1-6 1.33 156.52 155.12 169.89 90.99 271.83 246.10 441.73 S1-7 1.66 289.29 189.32 124.02 109.33 202.65 298.64 326.67 S1-8 2.06 467.25 174.80 78.80 94.30 164.90 269.10 243.70 S1-9 3.02 551.12 47.81 25.38 26.52 65.99 74.33 91.37 S1-10 3.87 419.65 14.63 0.00 12.20 0.00 26.83 0.00 S2-1 0.51 0.86 0.73 14.37 3.99 87.03 4.72 101.39 S2-2 0.62 3.96 2.34 13.52 7.01 107.31 9.35 120.82 S2-3 0.72 11.18 7.46 37.77 14.73 230.98 22.19 268.75 S2-4 0.87 27.94 14.32 75.36 29.48 395.89 43.81 471.24 S2-5 1.07 64.93 28.15 97.20 59.91 281.23 88.06 378.43 S2-6 1.33 116.26 49.76 83.02 85.71 155.12 135.47 238.15 S2-7 1.66 260.52 91.57 43.42 92.32 72.67 183.89 116.09 S2-8 2.06 358.26 54.51 31.12 66.71 60.61 121.22 91.73 S2-9 3.02 358.55 21.63 17.48 37.49 40.13 59.11 57.61 S2-10 3.87 385.91 6.03 11.78 19.69 32.24 25.71 44.02 S3-1 0.51 0.64 0.00 1.00 6.34 2.30 6.34 3.30 S3-2 0.62 2.07 0.10 1.78 7.93 2.79 8.02 4.57 S3-3 0.72 7.40 0.69 2.62 10.88 3.58 11.57 6.20 S3-4 0.87 26.51 0.94 3.90 20.93 5.94 21.88 9.84 S3-5 1.07 75.28 1.72 4.95 32.91 7.90 34.63 12.85 S3-6 1.33 151.46 3.78 5.01 54.59 6.77 58.37 11.78 S3-7 1.66 262.12 4.82 3.12 58.96 2.26 63.78 5.37 S3-8 2.06 332.37 4.47 2.02 52.96 1.18 57.43 3.20 S3-9 3.02 433.34 3.80 0.93 39.75 0.41 43.55 1.35 S3-10 3.87 493.19 2.87 0.75 30.19 0.34 33.05 1.09
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