Classification of sedimentary basins and distribution patterns of oil and gas resources in the Arctic
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摘要: 北极地区油气资源潜力大，且油气勘探开发尚处于初期，是未来国内外油气工业发展的重要战略领域。文中综合运用全球领先信息服务公司埃信华迈（IHS）和美国地质调查局（USGS）的最新资料及已有研究成果，对北极地区的盆地类型和油气资源分布规律展开研究。结果表明：北极地区至少发育35个沉积盆地，具体划分为裂谷盆地（5个）、被动大陆边缘盆地（16个）、克拉通盆地（5个）、前陆盆地（5个）和大洋盆地（4个）。裂谷盆地是北极地区油气最富集的盆地类型，发现油气探明和控制可采储量（简称2P储量）441.12×108 t油当量，占北极地区油气总储量的74.6%，其次为前陆盆地、被动大陆边缘盆地和克拉通盆地。北极地区大部分油气储于白垩系、侏罗系和二叠系的碎屑岩储集层，仅有小部分油气储于石炭系和泥盆系碳酸盐岩储集层，且不同国家、不同含油气盆地的主力储集层存在明显差异。北极地区的油气主要源自侏罗系和白垩系的烃源岩，三叠系和泥盆系烃源岩次之。此外，复合圈闭是北极地区油气藏的主要圈闭类型，其次是构造圈闭。北极地区盆地类型和油气宏观分布规律的研究将为中国石油公司在北极地区的长远发展奠定基础。Abstract: The Arctic has great potential for oil and gas resources, and the exploration and development of oil and gas are still in the early stage. It is an important strategic region for the future petroleum exploration. On the basis of up to date data from IHS and USGS as well as investigation results of other studies, this paper aims at documenting the basin types and the distribution patterns of oil and gas resources in the Arctic. Our results show that there are at least 35 sedimentary basins in the Arctic, which consist of five rift, sixteen passive margin, five intra-cratonic, five forland and four oceanic basins. Rift basin is the type with the most abundant oil and gas resources in the Arctic, followed by the forland, passive margin and cratonic basin types. The proved and probable oil and gas reserves in rift basins amount to 44.112 billion tons of oil equivalent and accounts for 74.6% of the total reserves in the Arctic. Most of the oil and gas reserves in the Arctic are reservoired in the clastic reservoirs in the Cretaceous, Jurassic and Permian with a minor proportion in the Carboniferous and Devonian carbonates. The age and lithogogy of main reservoirs are different in different countries and petroliferous basins. Hydrocarbons in the Arctic were mainly derived from Jurassic and Cretaceous mudstones and shales, followed by Triassic and Devonian mudstones and shales. The trap types are dominated by combination trap, followed by structural trap. The investigation results of this study will establish a sound foundation for long-term oil and gas exploration programs of Chinese oil companies in the Arctic.
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Key words:
- Arctic /
- basin type /
- distribution of oil and gas resources /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 沉积盆地类型划分示意图(据刘池洋等，2015修改)
Figure 2. Classification of sedimentary basins(modified after Liu et al., 2015)
图 3 北极地区沉积盆地分布及类型图
P1—沃令盆地；P2—巴伦支陆架边缘盆地；P3—巴伦支台地盆地；P4—东巴伦支海盆地；P5—北喀拉盆地；P6—西北拉普捷夫海陆架盆地；P7—拉普捷夫海陆架盆地；P8—东西伯利亚海盆地；P9—维尔基茨盆地；P10—北楚科奇盆地；P11—南楚科奇-霍普盆地；P12—马更些三角洲盆地；P13—斯维尔德鲁普盆地；P14—西格陵兰-东加拿大(巴芬湾)盆地；P15—北格陵兰剪切边缘盆地；P16—东格陵兰盆地；R1—西西伯利亚盆地；R2—叶尼塞-哈坦加；R3—济良卡盆地；R4—朗加海峡盆地；R5—育空地坪盆地；F1—梅津盆地；F2—季曼-伯朝拉盆地；F3—前新地岛盆地；F4—勒拿-维柳伊盆地；F5—阿拉斯加北坡盆地；C1—通古斯盆地；C2—勒拿-阿纳巴尔盆地；C3—西北加拿大内部台地盆地；C4—富兰克林盆地；C5—福克斯盆地；O1—美亚盆地；O2—欧亚盆地；O3—罗蒙诺索夫-马卡罗夫盆地；O4—扬马延盆地
Figure 3. Distribution and types of sedimentary basins in the Arctic
图 11 北极地区不同国家的不同层系油气储量分布图(据Chew and Arbouille, 2011修改)
Figure 11. Oil and gas reserves of different strata in different countries in the Arctic (modified after Chew and Arbouille, 2011)
表 1 北极地区各盆地类型探明和控制油气储量分布一览表
Table 1. Proved and probable oil and gas reserves for different types of basins in the Arctic
盆地
类型发现油
气田数石油
/×108 t天然气/
×1012 m3凝析油/
×108 t合计/
×108 t
油当量被动大陆边缘盆地 223 9.73 5.54 2.15 56.39 克拉通盆地 17 0.52 0.02 0.01 0.71 前陆盆地 316 62.39 3.53 2.70 93.42 裂谷盆地 236 43.40 47.35 17.48 441.12 合计 792 116.04 56.45 22.34 591.64 注：油气储量数据来自IHS, 2020；资料截至2020年8月 
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