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西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩的发现及地质意义

李瑞强 贺承广 陈泳霖 姚帅 王坤 李兰兰

李瑞强, 贺承广, 陈泳霖, 等, 2019. 西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩的发现及地质意义. 地质力学学报, 25 (4): 590-606. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.04.057
引用本文: 李瑞强, 贺承广, 陈泳霖, 等, 2019. 西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩的发现及地质意义. 地质力学学报, 25 (4): 590-606. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.04.057
LI Ruiqiang, HE Chengguang, CHEN Yonglin, et al., 2019. THE DISCOVERY AND GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MID-CAMBRIAN GRANITES IN MAERYANG AREA, TASHKURGHAN MASSIF, WEST KUNLUN. Journal of Geomechanics, 25 (4): 590-606. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.04.057
Citation: LI Ruiqiang, HE Chengguang, CHEN Yonglin, et al., 2019. THE DISCOVERY AND GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MID-CAMBRIAN GRANITES IN MAERYANG AREA, TASHKURGHAN MASSIF, WEST KUNLUN. Journal of Geomechanics, 25 (4): 590-606. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.04.057

西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩的发现及地质意义

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.04.057
基金项目: 

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 12120114081801

详细信息
    作者简介:

    李瑞强(1983-), 男, 工程师, 主要从事区域地质矿产调查研究。E-mail:lrq1125@126.com

    通讯作者:

    贺承广(1985-), 男, 硕士、工程师, 主要从事区域地质调查和构造地质研究。E-mail:2692624526@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: P588.12

THE DISCOVERY AND GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MID-CAMBRIAN GRANITES IN MAERYANG AREA, TASHKURGHAN MASSIF, WEST KUNLUN

  • 摘要: 西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带发育一期中寒武世花岗质岩浆活动,岩石类型为片麻状花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明,其侵入时代分别为(506.0±6.8)Ma和(514.0±9.3)Ma。岩石SiO2含量为67.83%~75.76%,具中高钾、准铝质-弱过铝质等特征;岩石稀土总量与平均陆壳相当(∑REE=90.85×10-6~186.10×10-6),轻、重稀土分馏程度较强((La/Yb)N=5.38~22.43),负Eu异常明显(δEu=0.42~0.71);微量元素以富集Rb、K、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素为特征。地质学及岩石地球化学特征指示该期花岗岩属准铝质到弱过铝质高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩,锆石饱和温度指示其为高温岩浆岩,总体具有壳幔混源的特征,富云包体指示壳源成分占有较大的比例。该期花岗岩与邻区中-晚寒武世中酸性侵入岩指示塔什库尔干-甜水海地块南缘很可能存在一条中寒武世以来的岩浆弧带,其可能为在原特提斯(有限)洋盆于中寒武世向北俯冲、消减背景下幔源物质上涌底侵加热古老陆壳进而发生部分熔融的产物。这也预示着塔什库尔干地区在经过震旦纪-早寒武世伸展裂解阶段之后,于中-晚寒武世其大地构造环境及地球动力学背景发生了重大转折。

     

  • 图  1  塔什库尔干地区大地构造位置及侵入岩分布图(据文献[2]修改)

    Figure  1.  Tectonic position and intrusive rock distribution of the Tashkurghan region (Modified after reference[2])

    图  2  西昆仑马尔洋一带构造地质简图

    1—第四系;2—上石炭统—下二叠统特给乃奇克达坂组;3—下石炭统;4—早志留世温泉沟组;5—震旦系—寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组三岩段;6—震旦系—寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组二岩段;7—震旦系—寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组一岩段;8—古元古界瓦恰岩组;9—古元古界五古力牙特岩组;10—渐新世花岗闪长岩;11—晚三叠世二长花岗岩;12—早石炭世英云闪长岩;13—中寒武世二长花岗岩;14—中寒武世花岗闪长岩;15—晚寒武世辉长岩;16—韧性断层;17—片麻理;18—片理;19—锆石年龄;20—采样位置及编号

    Figure  2.  Tectonic and geological sketch of the Maeryang area, West Kunlun

    图  3  中寒武世花岗岩与马尔洋岩组接触关系及岩体内部富云包体特征

    Figure  3.  Contacts between the Middle Cambrain granites and the Maeryang formation and the characteristics of mica-rich enclaves in granites

    图  4  马尔洋一带片麻状花岗闪长岩与二长花岗岩镜下特征

    Bt—黑云母;Ep—绿帘石;Kfs—钾长石;Pl—斜长石;Qz—石英;Zo—黝帘石

    Figure  4.  Microphotograph features of gneiss granodiorite and monzogranite in Maeryang area

    图  5  马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩锆石CL图像

    TW135/5-1—花岗闪长岩;TW185/70-1—二长花岗岩

    Figure  5.  CL images of zircons of mid-Cambrian granites in Maeryang area

    图  6  马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和图

    a—花岗闪长岩样品(TW135/5-1);b—二长花岗岩样品(TW185/70-1)

    Figure  6.  LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of mid-Cambrian granites in Maeryang area

    图  7  马尔洋一带花岗岩的岩石地球化学判别图解

    Figure  7.  Rock geochemical discrimination diagram of granite in the Maeryang area

    图  8  中寒武世花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分型式图[25]和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图[26]

    Figure  8.  Chondrite-normalized REE patterns[25] and primitive mantle-nomalized trace elements patterns[26] of the Middle Cambrian granites

    图  9  中寒武世花岗岩岩石成因类型判别图解

    Figure  9.  Genetic type discrimination diagram of Middle Cambrian granites

    图  10  中寒武世花岗岩源岩判别图解及Ab-An-Qtz三元共结压力曲线图

    Figure  10.  Discrimination diagrams of source rock and Ternary cojunction pressure curves of Ab vs. An vs.Qtz of the Middle Cambrian granites

    图  11  中寒武世花岗岩构造判别图解

    Figure  11.  Tectonic discrimination diagram of Middle Cambrian granites

    表  1  马尔洋一带花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果

    Table  1.   LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope data of granites in Maeryang area

    样品点号 Th U Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ
    ×10-6 同位素比值 年龄/Ma
      花岗闪长岩(TW135/5-1)
    1 284 682 0.42 0.0590 0.0007 0.693 0.008 0.0851 0.0009 568 11 534 5 526 6
    2 41 138 0.30 0.0623 0.0018 0.689 0.018 0.0802 0.0012 684 32 532 11 497 7
    3 232 965 0.24 0.0589 0.0006 0.654 0.006 0.0805 0.0009 563 10 511 4 499 5
    4 420 1360 0.31 0.0588 0.0005 0.663 0.005 0.0818 0.0008 558 10 516 3 507 5
    6 1166 2607 0.45 0.0589 0.0005 0.699 0.005 0.0860 0.0009 565 10 538 3 532 5
    7 299 1296 0.23 0.0589 0.0006 0.703 0.007 0.0865 0.0009 565 10 541 4 535 5
    9 252 642 0.39 0.0656 0.0010 0.625 0.009 0.0691 0.0008 793 13 493 6 431 5
    10 582 683 0.85 0.0578 0.0008 0.631 0.008 0.0792 0.0009 522 13 497 5 491 5
    11 496 1677 0.30 0.0595 0.0006 0.669 0.006 0.0815 0.0008 585 10 520 4 505 5
    12 702 1032 0.68 0.0590 0.0007 0.685 0.007 0.0842 0.0009 566 11 530 4 521 5
    13 241 620 0.39 0.0603 0.0008 0.704 0.009 0.0847 0.0010 613 12 541 5 524 6
    14 286 1380 0.21 0.0592 0.0007 0.688 0.007 0.0843 0.0009 573 11 532 4 522 5
    15 268 510 0.52 0.0590 0.0010 0.651 0.010 0.0800 0.0010 567 15 509 6 496 6
    16 558 1872 0.30 0.0585 0.0011 0.647 0.011 0.0802 0.0008 547 43 506 6 497 5
    17 168 564 0.30 0.0579 0.0014 0.605 0.013 0.0757 0.0009 527 55 480 8 470 5
    18 388 861 0.45 0.0604 0.0007 0.683 0.007 0.0820 0.0009 617 10 528 4 508 5
    19 340 649 0.52 0.0597 0.0011 0.623 0.010 0.0757 0.0009 594 17 492 6 470 6
    20 323 1155 0.28 0.0593 0.0007 0.637 0.007 0.0779 0.0008 578 11 500 4 483 5
    21 96 340 0.28 0.0582 0.0008 0.667 0.008 0.0831 0.0009 537 12 519 5 514 5
    22 463 1579 0.29 0.0593 0.0005 0.667 0.005 0.0816 0.0008 579 10 519 3 505 5
    23 253 538 0.47 0.0598 0.0007 0.695 0.008 0.0844 0.0009 596 11 536 5 522 5
    24 479 1590 0.30 0.0593 0.0006 0.645 0.006 0.0789 0.0008 578 10 505 4 489 5
      二长花岗岩(TW185/70-1)
    1 172 265 0.42 0.0586 0.0014 0.673 0.017 0.0828 0.0011 554 51.8 522 10.0 513 6.4
    2 126 218 0.30 0.0578 0.0015 0.675 0.019 0.0840 0.0011 520 57.4 524 11.2 520 6.6
    4 111 199 0.24 0.0569 0.0017 0.676 0.020 0.0861 0.0012 487 58.3 525 11.9 532 7.0
    5 492 612 0.31 0.0573 0.0012 0.694 0.017 0.0867 0.0013 502 46.3 535 10.1 536 7.6
    6 160 315 0.24 0.0564 0.0013 0.677 0.016 0.0859 0.0010 478 51.8 525 9.8 531 5.7
    7 155 283 0.45 0.0571 0.0015 0.674 0.018 0.0848 0.0011 494 57.4 523 10.8 525 6.8
    8 112 244 0.23 0.0594 0.0017 0.691 0.020 0.0837 0.0011 583 67.6 533 12.0 518 6.7
    9 205 402 0.43 0.0565 0.0013 0.660 0.017 0.0833 0.0010 472 51.8 514 10.2 516 5.7
    10 180 339 0.39 0.0581 0.0015 0.684 0.019 0.0843 0.0010 600 57.4 529 11.3 522 5.8
    11 181 336 0.85 0.0577 0.0013 0.687 0.018 0.0851 0.0010 517 51.8 531 10.5 527 6.0
    12 193 334 0.30 0.0571 0.0013 0.660 0.016 0.0827 0.0009 498 45.4 515 9.5 512 5.4
    13 234 391 0.68 0.0612 0.0014 0.717 0.017 0.0841 0.0009 656 51.8 549 9.9 521 5.6
    14 197 346 0.39 0.0603 0.0016 0.700 0.019 0.0832 0.0010 617 52.8 539 11.2 515 5.9
    15 385 403 0.21 0.0582 0.0015 0.669 0.018 0.0824 0.0011 600 55.6 520 11.0 510 6.4
    17 149 265 0.52 0.0642 0.0019 0.751 0.021 0.0846 0.0011 746 63.0 569 12.4 523 6.7
    19 211 373 0.30 0.0586 0.0015 0.679 0.017 0.0832 0.0009 550 55.5 526 10.1 515 5.6
    20 207 334 0.30 0.0565 0.0014 0.687 0.019 0.0867 0.0011 472 53.7 531 11.2 536 6.7
    22 221 311 0.45 0.0563 0.0015 0.664 0.018 0.0842 0.0011 461 26.9 517 11.0 521 6.3
    23 147 239 0.52 0.0553 0.0020 0.646 0.024 0.0839 0.0012 433 81.5 506 14.5 520 7.2
    24 137 227 0.28 0.0652 0.0024 0.785 0.029 0.0860 0.0013 789 78.9 588 16.4 532 8.0
    25 113 219 0.28 0.0575 0.0018 0.682 0.021 0.0853 0.0012 522 73.1 528 12.5 528 7.3
    26 104 177 0.29 0.0575 0.0020 0.683 0.023 0.0857 0.0013 509 74.1 528 13.6 530 7.6
    27 184 330 0.47 0.0563 0.0015 0.647 0.017 0.0825 0.0010 461 26.9 506 10.4 511 5.9
    28 244 371 0.30 0.0577 0.0015 0.658 0.018 0.0816 0.0010 520 57.4 513 10.7 506 6.0
    31 141 247 0.57 0.0605 0.0021 0.701 0.025 0.0837 0.0012 620 74.1 539 14.6 518 7.3
    32 220 351 0.63 0.0593 0.0016 0.681 0.018 0.0824 0.0011 576 57.4 527 11.1 510 6.4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  中寒武世花岗岩主量元素(%)分析结果

    Table  2.   Major element composition (%) of the Middle Cambrian granites

    样品编号 1 2 3 4 5
    岩性 糜棱岩化二长花岗岩 片麻状花岗闪长岩 糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩 花岗质初糜棱岩 片麻状二长花岗岩
    SiO2 72.11 67.83 69.4 68.56 75.76
    TiO2 0.36 0.46 0.4 0.51 0.19
    Al2O3 14.37 15.49 14.2 14.02 12.71
    Fe2O3 0.59 1.29 0.96 1.32 0.57
    FeO 2.37 2.8 2.33 2.62 0.52
    MnO 0.05 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.01
    MgO 0.63 0.9 1.47 1.83 0.33
    CaO 2.26 3.05 3.45 3.71 2.06
    Na2O 3.62 3.99 2.81 2.72 3.53
    K2O 2.6 2.75 3.23 3.22 3.61
    P2O5 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.11 0.035
    LOI 0.46 0.69 1.06 0.81 0.42
    TOTAl 99.54 99.48 99.55 99.52 99.74
    σ 1.38 1.38 1.33 1.83 1.56
    DI 80.61 75.97 73.83 71.7 88.24
    A/CNK 1.115 1.027 0.987 0.954 0.945
    Na2O/K2O 1.39 1.45 0.87 0.84 0.98
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  中寒武世花岗岩微量元素(×10-6)分析结果

    Table  3.   Trace element composition (×10-6) of the Middle Cambrian granites

    样品编号 1 2 3 4 5
    岩性 糜棱岩化二长花岗岩 片麻状花岗闪长岩 糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩 花岗质初糜棱岩 片麻状二长花岗岩
    Rb 58.97 71.12 92.01 111.6 69.854
    Sr 198.85 292.6 224.05 219 219.195
    Ba 689.24 681.25 523.09 510.96 782.779
    Th 9.03 8.7 7.98 8.77 12.44
    U 1.13 2.43 1.8 3.85 2.722
    Nb 13.17 15.67 4.19 6.26 10.05
    Ta 0.61 0.95 0.4 0.74 0.855
    Zr 210 216.5 129.7 158 135.024
    Hf 5.7 5.61 3.47 4.09 3.237
    Ni 2.4 2.26 8.56 9.99 3.69
    Cr 7.29 7.95 22.46 22.59 4.79
    V 17.23 23.25 67.37 84.98 12.089
    Sc 8.44 10.08 11.03 13.25 5.124
    Cs 1.43 2.72 2.97 4.96 1.112
    La 66.67 57.62 53.54 68.17 27.766
    Ce 140.4 115.3 120.5 156.8 50.13
    Pr 16.94 13.07 15.01 20.93 5.787
    Nd 62.64 51.57 58.41 83.36 21.72
    Sm 10.43 9.48 10.99 16.7 4.771
    Eu 2.19 2.36 2.44 3.38 0.798
    Gd 9.46 9.14 9.85 14.35 5.24
    Tb 1.18 1.09 1.27 2.02 0.83
    Dy 5.88 5 5.93 10.24 5.066
    Ho 1.16 0.94 1.14 2 1.112
    Er 3.26 2.49 3.09 5.16 3.197
    Tm 0.5 0.35 0.47 0.79 0.53
    Yb 3.4 2.2 2.97 4.98 3.481
    Lu 0.53 0.33 0.43 0.69 0.54
    Y 31.82 23.61 29.91 50.93 30.02
    ΣREE 179.9 186.1 90.85 103.14 130.97
    LREE/HREE 11.80 11.58 10.37 8.68 5.55
    (La/Yb)N 22.44 13.47 8.6 6.48 5.38
    δEu 0.61 0.64 0.74 0.68 0.49
    δCe 0.91 0.9 0.9 0.91 0.91
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2018-04-27
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