西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩的发现及地质意义

李瑞强; 贺承广; 陈泳霖; 姚帅; 王坤; 李兰兰

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.04.057

西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩的发现及地质意义

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.04.057

李瑞强^{1, 2,},
贺承广^{1, 2, ,},
陈泳霖^{1, 2},
姚帅^{1, 2},
王坤^{1, 2},
李兰兰^{1, 2}

1.
河南省地质调查院, 河南郑州 450001
2.
河南省金属矿产成矿地质过程与资源利用重点实验室, 河南郑州 450001

基金项目:

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 12120114081801

详细信息

作者简介:
李瑞强(1983-), 男, 工程师, 主要从事区域地质矿产调查研究。E-mail:lrq1125@126.com

通讯作者:
贺承广(1985-), 男, 硕士、工程师, 主要从事区域地质调查和构造地质研究。E-mail:2692624526@qq.com

中图分类号: P588.12
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-27
- 修回日期: 2019-04-10
- 刊出日期: 2019-08-01

THE DISCOVERY AND GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MID-CAMBRIAN GRANITES IN MAERYANG AREA, TASHKURGHAN MASSIF, WEST KUNLUN

LI Ruiqiang^{1, 2
,},
HE Chengguang^{1, 2
, ,},
CHEN Yonglin^{1, 2},
YAO Shuai^{1, 2},
WANG Kun^{1, 2},
LI Lanlan^{1, 2}

1.
Henan Institute of Geological Survey, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
2.
Henan Key Laboratory for Metal Mineral Ore-forming Geological Process and Utilization of Resource, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China

摘要

摘要: 西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带发育一期中寒武世花岗质岩浆活动，岩石类型为片麻状花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩，LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明，其侵入时代分别为（506.0±6.8）Ma和（514.0±9.3）Ma。岩石SiO₂含量为67.83%~75.76%，具中高钾、准铝质-弱过铝质等特征；岩石稀土总量与平均陆壳相当（∑REE=90.85×10^-6~186.10×10^-6），轻、重稀土分馏程度较强（（La/Yb）_N=5.38~22.43），负Eu异常明显（δEu=0.42~0.71）；微量元素以富集Rb、K、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素为特征。地质学及岩石地球化学特征指示该期花岗岩属准铝质到弱过铝质高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩，锆石饱和温度指示其为高温岩浆岩，总体具有壳幔混源的特征，富云包体指示壳源成分占有较大的比例。该期花岗岩与邻区中-晚寒武世中酸性侵入岩指示塔什库尔干-甜水海地块南缘很可能存在一条中寒武世以来的岩浆弧带，其可能为在原特提斯（有限）洋盆于中寒武世向北俯冲、消减背景下幔源物质上涌底侵加热古老陆壳进而发生部分熔融的产物。这也预示着塔什库尔干地区在经过震旦纪-早寒武世伸展裂解阶段之后，于中-晚寒武世其大地构造环境及地球动力学背景发生了重大转折。
- 西昆仑 /
- 塔什库尔干地块 /
- 中寒武世花岗岩 /
- 高温岩浆岩 /
- 原特提斯洋 /
- 俯冲消减
Abstract: The paper reports a mid-Cambrian granitic magmatic activity which is comprised of gneissic granodiorite and monzogranite in Maeryang area of Tashkurgan massif, West Kunlun. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields the emplacement ages of ca. (506.0±6.8) Ma and (514.0±9.3) Ma, respectively. The granites are characterized by moderate-high alkaline, quasi-aluminum to weak peraluminum, and a moderate range of SiO₂ (67.83%~75.76%). Addtionally, the total REE of granites is equivalent to the average continental crust (∑REE=90.85×10^-6~186.10×10^-6) and marked by obvious fractionation between light and heavy REE ((La/Yb)N=5.38~22.43) and negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.42~0.71). The intrusions have geochemical features of enrichment of LILEs such as Rb, K, Ba, Th, U and depletion of HFSEs such as Nb, Ta, P, Ti. The geological and petrogeochemical characteristics of the granites indicate that they are quasi-aluminous to weakly peraluminous highly fractionated Ⅰ-type granites. Zircon saturation temperature reflects that the mid-Cambrian granites can be assigned to the high-temperature magmatic rocks. The presence of mica-rich enclaves in the granites which were most likely derived from crust-mantle mixing magma indicates that the crust composition accounts for a large proportion. The intermediate acid magma intrusion during middle-late Cambrian in Tashkurghan and its adjacent region shows that there was a magmatic arc zone in the southern margin of Tashkurgan-Tianshuihai massif. The granites in Maeryang area might originate in the partial melting of ancient continental crust heated by upwelling and underplating mantle during the Proto-Tethys ocean northward subduction in mid-Cambrian. It also indicates that the tectonic environment and geodynamic background during the middle-late Cambrian period have taken a major turn after the Sinian-early Cambrian extension and cracking stage in the Tashkurgan area.
- West Kunlun /
- Tashkurghan massif /
- mid-Cambrian granites /
- high-temperature granites /
- Proto-Tethys Ocean /
- subduction
注释:

责任编辑:范二平

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图 1 塔什库尔干地区大地构造位置及侵入岩分布图(据文献[2]修改)

Figure 1. Tectonic position and intrusive rock distribution of the Tashkurghan region (Modified after reference[2])

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图 2 西昆仑马尔洋一带构造地质简图

1—第四系；2—上石炭统—下二叠统特给乃奇克达坂组；3—下石炭统；4—早志留世温泉沟组；5—震旦系—寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组三岩段；6—震旦系—寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组二岩段；7—震旦系—寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组一岩段；8—古元古界瓦恰岩组；9—古元古界五古力牙特岩组；10—渐新世花岗闪长岩；11—晚三叠世二长花岗岩；12—早石炭世英云闪长岩；13—中寒武世二长花岗岩；14—中寒武世花岗闪长岩；15—晚寒武世辉长岩；16—韧性断层；17—片麻理；18—片理；19—锆石年龄；20—采样位置及编号

Figure 2. Tectonic and geological sketch of the Maeryang area, West Kunlun

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图 3 中寒武世花岗岩与马尔洋岩组接触关系及岩体内部富云包体特征

Figure 3. Contacts between the Middle Cambrain granites and the Maeryang formation and the characteristics of mica-rich enclaves in granites

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图 4 马尔洋一带片麻状花岗闪长岩与二长花岗岩镜下特征

Bt—黑云母；Ep—绿帘石；Kfs—钾长石；Pl—斜长石；Qz—石英；Zo—黝帘石

Figure 4. Microphotograph features of gneiss granodiorite and monzogranite in Maeryang area

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图 5 马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩锆石CL图像

TW135/5-1—花岗闪长岩；TW185/70-1—二长花岗岩

Figure 5. CL images of zircons of mid-Cambrian granites in Maeryang area

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图 6 马尔洋一带中寒武世花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和图

a—花岗闪长岩样品(TW135/5-1)；b—二长花岗岩样品(TW185/70-1)

Figure 6. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of mid-Cambrian granites in Maeryang area

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图 7 马尔洋一带花岗岩的岩石地球化学判别图解

Figure 7. Rock geochemical discrimination diagram of granite in the Maeryang area

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图 8 中寒武世花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分型式图^[25]和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图^[26]

Figure 8. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns^[25] and primitive mantle-nomalized trace elements patterns^[26] of the Middle Cambrian granites

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图 9 中寒武世花岗岩岩石成因类型判别图解

Figure 9. Genetic type discrimination diagram of Middle Cambrian granites

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图 10 中寒武世花岗岩源岩判别图解及Ab-An-Qtz三元共结压力曲线图

Figure 10. Discrimination diagrams of source rock and Ternary cojunction pressure curves of Ab vs. An vs.Qtz of the Middle Cambrian granites

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图 11 中寒武世花岗岩构造判别图解

Figure 11. Tectonic discrimination diagram of Middle Cambrian granites

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表 1 马尔洋一带花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果

Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope data of granites in Maeryang area

样品点号	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
样品点号	×10^-6		Th/U	同位素比值						年龄/Ma
花岗闪长岩(TW135/5-1)
1	284	682	0.42	0.0590	0.0007	0.693	0.008	0.0851	0.0009	568	11	534	5	526	6
2	41	138	0.30	0.0623	0.0018	0.689	0.018	0.0802	0.0012	684	32	532	11	497	7
3	232	965	0.24	0.0589	0.0006	0.654	0.006	0.0805	0.0009	563	10	511	4	499	5
4	420	1360	0.31	0.0588	0.0005	0.663	0.005	0.0818	0.0008	558	10	516	3	507	5
6	1166	2607	0.45	0.0589	0.0005	0.699	0.005	0.0860	0.0009	565	10	538	3	532	5
7	299	1296	0.23	0.0589	0.0006	0.703	0.007	0.0865	0.0009	565	10	541	4	535	5
9	252	642	0.39	0.0656	0.0010	0.625	0.009	0.0691	0.0008	793	13	493	6	431	5
10	582	683	0.85	0.0578	0.0008	0.631	0.008	0.0792	0.0009	522	13	497	5	491	5
11	496	1677	0.30	0.0595	0.0006	0.669	0.006	0.0815	0.0008	585	10	520	4	505	5
12	702	1032	0.68	0.0590	0.0007	0.685	0.007	0.0842	0.0009	566	11	530	4	521	5
13	241	620	0.39	0.0603	0.0008	0.704	0.009	0.0847	0.0010	613	12	541	5	524	6
14	286	1380	0.21	0.0592	0.0007	0.688	0.007	0.0843	0.0009	573	11	532	4	522	5
15	268	510	0.52	0.0590	0.0010	0.651	0.010	0.0800	0.0010	567	15	509	6	496	6
16	558	1872	0.30	0.0585	0.0011	0.647	0.011	0.0802	0.0008	547	43	506	6	497	5
17	168	564	0.30	0.0579	0.0014	0.605	0.013	0.0757	0.0009	527	55	480	8	470	5
18	388	861	0.45	0.0604	0.0007	0.683	0.007	0.0820	0.0009	617	10	528	4	508	5
19	340	649	0.52	0.0597	0.0011	0.623	0.010	0.0757	0.0009	594	17	492	6	470	6
20	323	1155	0.28	0.0593	0.0007	0.637	0.007	0.0779	0.0008	578	11	500	4	483	5
21	96	340	0.28	0.0582	0.0008	0.667	0.008	0.0831	0.0009	537	12	519	5	514	5
22	463	1579	0.29	0.0593	0.0005	0.667	0.005	0.0816	0.0008	579	10	519	3	505	5
23	253	538	0.47	0.0598	0.0007	0.695	0.008	0.0844	0.0009	596	11	536	5	522	5
24	479	1590	0.30	0.0593	0.0006	0.645	0.006	0.0789	0.0008	578	10	505	4	489	5
二长花岗岩(TW185/70-1)
1	172	265	0.42	0.0586	0.0014	0.673	0.017	0.0828	0.0011	554	51.8	522	10.0	513	6.4
2	126	218	0.30	0.0578	0.0015	0.675	0.019	0.0840	0.0011	520	57.4	524	11.2	520	6.6
4	111	199	0.24	0.0569	0.0017	0.676	0.020	0.0861	0.0012	487	58.3	525	11.9	532	7.0
5	492	612	0.31	0.0573	0.0012	0.694	0.017	0.0867	0.0013	502	46.3	535	10.1	536	7.6
6	160	315	0.24	0.0564	0.0013	0.677	0.016	0.0859	0.0010	478	51.8	525	9.8	531	5.7
7	155	283	0.45	0.0571	0.0015	0.674	0.018	0.0848	0.0011	494	57.4	523	10.8	525	6.8
8	112	244	0.23	0.0594	0.0017	0.691	0.020	0.0837	0.0011	583	67.6	533	12.0	518	6.7
9	205	402	0.43	0.0565	0.0013	0.660	0.017	0.0833	0.0010	472	51.8	514	10.2	516	5.7
10	180	339	0.39	0.0581	0.0015	0.684	0.019	0.0843	0.0010	600	57.4	529	11.3	522	5.8
11	181	336	0.85	0.0577	0.0013	0.687	0.018	0.0851	0.0010	517	51.8	531	10.5	527	6.0
12	193	334	0.30	0.0571	0.0013	0.660	0.016	0.0827	0.0009	498	45.4	515	9.5	512	5.4
13	234	391	0.68	0.0612	0.0014	0.717	0.017	0.0841	0.0009	656	51.8	549	9.9	521	5.6
14	197	346	0.39	0.0603	0.0016	0.700	0.019	0.0832	0.0010	617	52.8	539	11.2	515	5.9
15	385	403	0.21	0.0582	0.0015	0.669	0.018	0.0824	0.0011	600	55.6	520	11.0	510	6.4
17	149	265	0.52	0.0642	0.0019	0.751	0.021	0.0846	0.0011	746	63.0	569	12.4	523	6.7
19	211	373	0.30	0.0586	0.0015	0.679	0.017	0.0832	0.0009	550	55.5	526	10.1	515	5.6
20	207	334	0.30	0.0565	0.0014	0.687	0.019	0.0867	0.0011	472	53.7	531	11.2	536	6.7
22	221	311	0.45	0.0563	0.0015	0.664	0.018	0.0842	0.0011	461	26.9	517	11.0	521	6.3
23	147	239	0.52	0.0553	0.0020	0.646	0.024	0.0839	0.0012	433	81.5	506	14.5	520	7.2
24	137	227	0.28	0.0652	0.0024	0.785	0.029	0.0860	0.0013	789	78.9	588	16.4	532	8.0
25	113	219	0.28	0.0575	0.0018	0.682	0.021	0.0853	0.0012	522	73.1	528	12.5	528	7.3
26	104	177	0.29	0.0575	0.0020	0.683	0.023	0.0857	0.0013	509	74.1	528	13.6	530	7.6
27	184	330	0.47	0.0563	0.0015	0.647	0.017	0.0825	0.0010	461	26.9	506	10.4	511	5.9
28	244	371	0.30	0.0577	0.0015	0.658	0.018	0.0816	0.0010	520	57.4	513	10.7	506	6.0
31	141	247	0.57	0.0605	0.0021	0.701	0.025	0.0837	0.0012	620	74.1	539	14.6	518	7.3
32	220	351	0.63	0.0593	0.0016	0.681	0.018	0.0824	0.0011	576	57.4	527	11.1	510	6.4

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表 2 中寒武世花岗岩主量元素(%)分析结果

Table 2. Major element composition (%) of the Middle Cambrian granites

样品编号	1	2	3	4	5
岩性	糜棱岩化二长花岗岩	片麻状花岗闪长岩	糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩	花岗质初糜棱岩	片麻状二长花岗岩
SiO₂	72.11	67.83	69.4	68.56	75.76
TiO₂	0.36	0.46	0.4	0.51	0.19
Al₂O₃	14.37	15.49	14.2	14.02	12.71
Fe₂O₃	0.59	1.29	0.96	1.32	0.57
FeO	2.37	2.8	2.33	2.62	0.52
MnO	0.05	0.09	0.07	0.08	0.01
MgO	0.63	0.9	1.47	1.83	0.33
CaO	2.26	3.05	3.45	3.71	2.06
Na₂O	3.62	3.99	2.81	2.72	3.53
K₂O	2.6	2.75	3.23	3.22	3.61
P₂O₅	0.11	0.16	0.16	0.11	0.035
LOI	0.46	0.69	1.06	0.81	0.42
TOTAl	99.54	99.48	99.55	99.52	99.74
σ	1.38	1.38	1.33	1.83	1.56
DI	80.61	75.97	73.83	71.7	88.24
A/CNK	1.115	1.027	0.987	0.954	0.945
Na₂O/K₂O	1.39	1.45	0.87	0.84	0.98

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表 3 中寒武世花岗岩微量元素(×10^-6)分析结果

Table 3. Trace element composition (×10^-6) of the Middle Cambrian granites

样品编号	1	2	3	4	5
岩性	糜棱岩化二长花岗岩	片麻状花岗闪长岩	糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩	花岗质初糜棱岩	片麻状二长花岗岩
Rb	58.97	71.12	92.01	111.6	69.854
Sr	198.85	292.6	224.05	219	219.195
Ba	689.24	681.25	523.09	510.96	782.779
Th	9.03	8.7	7.98	8.77	12.44
U	1.13	2.43	1.8	3.85	2.722
Nb	13.17	15.67	4.19	6.26	10.05
Ta	0.61	0.95	0.4	0.74	0.855
Zr	210	216.5	129.7	158	135.024
Hf	5.7	5.61	3.47	4.09	3.237
Ni	2.4	2.26	8.56	9.99	3.69
Cr	7.29	7.95	22.46	22.59	4.79
V	17.23	23.25	67.37	84.98	12.089
Sc	8.44	10.08	11.03	13.25	5.124
Cs	1.43	2.72	2.97	4.96	1.112
La	66.67	57.62	53.54	68.17	27.766
Ce	140.4	115.3	120.5	156.8	50.13
Pr	16.94	13.07	15.01	20.93	5.787
Nd	62.64	51.57	58.41	83.36	21.72
Sm	10.43	9.48	10.99	16.7	4.771
Eu	2.19	2.36	2.44	3.38	0.798
Gd	9.46	9.14	9.85	14.35	5.24
Tb	1.18	1.09	1.27	2.02	0.83
Dy	5.88	5	5.93	10.24	5.066
Ho	1.16	0.94	1.14	2	1.112
Er	3.26	2.49	3.09	5.16	3.197
Tm	0.5	0.35	0.47	0.79	0.53
Yb	3.4	2.2	2.97	4.98	3.481
Lu	0.53	0.33	0.43	0.69	0.54
Y	31.82	23.61	29.91	50.93	30.02
ΣREE	179.9	186.1	90.85	103.14	130.97
LREE/HREE	11.80	11.58	10.37	8.68	5.55
(La/Yb)_N	22.44	13.47	8.6	6.48	5.38
δEu	0.61	0.64	0.74	0.68	0.49
δCe	0.91	0.9	0.9	0.91	0.91

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参考文献(49)

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