THE GENERATION, DEVELOPMENT AND ORE-CONTROLLING OF STRUCTURES OF THE FULAICHANG LEAD-ZINC DEPOSIT, NORTHEASTERN GUIZHOU
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摘要: 福来厂铅锌矿床位于黔西北垭都—蟒硐铅锌成矿带西南部，夹持于天桥与猫猫厂两个铅锌矿床之间，矿床（体）分布严格受构造控制。运用矿田地质力学理论和方法，对福来厂铅锌矿区进行大比例尺构造剖面精测和典型的控矿构造力学性质鉴定以及不同方向断裂、褶皱构造筛分，研究认为自印支晚期—喜马拉雅期以来该区主要经历了三期构造活动，其主压应力方向分别经历了北西向→北东向→近东西向的转变过程，认为矿床的导矿、配矿、容矿构造分别为矿区棋盘格式构造、北东向断裂（倾向北西）与北西西向断裂及其下盘背斜翼部的层间断裂带，此外，矿区存在北西向（倾向北东）破矿构造，明显切割、错移矿体，控制着矿体的空间定位。综合上述，文章在总结了构造控矿规律的基础上，建立了该矿床成矿构造体系，为找矿勘查和矿床成因研究奠定了基础。Abstract: The Fulaichang lead-zinc deposit (FL-ZD) is located in the southwestern part of the Yadu-Mangdong Pb-Zn Metallogenic belt in northwestern Guizhou, China, Which is suited between the Tianqiao lead-zinc deposit and the Maomao lead-zinc deposit, and the distributions of the deposit and its ore bodies are strictly controlled by the structure. Based on the theory and method of geological mechanics of ore-field, the large scale fine survey of structural section and the typical identification of ore-controlling structural mechanical properties, as well as the screening of faults and fold structures in different directions in the lead and zinc mining area of Fulaichang mining area were made. It is believed that since the late Indosinian-Himalayan period, there have been three periods of tectonic activities in this region, and the main compressive stress direction has experienced the transition from NW to NE to near EW respectively. Based on analyzing the ore-controlling characteristics of folds and faults in the mining area, it is concluded that the ore-guiding structure, ore-distribution structure and ore-bearing structure of the deposit are the checkerboard-type structure of the tectonic framework, the NE-trending faults (inclined NW) and NWW fault-trending, and the interlayer fault zones in the lower plate of NWW-trending faults, respectively. In addition, there are NW trending (NNE trending) ore-breaking structures in the mining area, which obviously cut and shift the ore bodies and control the spatial positioning of the ore bodies. On the basis of summarizing the structural ore-controlling regularity, the ore-forming tectonic system of the deposit is established, which lays a foundation for ore prospecting and genetic study of the deposit.
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图 3 福来厂FL437点构造的几何学、运动学分析图解
①—马平组浅灰色薄层状细晶灰岩；②—透镜体化带；③—灰色含方解石细脉碎裂状灰岩
a—断裂整体剖面素描图；b—断裂F4野外照片；c—断裂F3下裂面；d—断裂F2野外照片；e—断裂F1野外照片；f—节理野外照片；g—F4吴氏网下半球投影图Figure 3. Geometry amd kinematics analysis diagram of FL437 in the FL-ZD
图 4 福来厂铅锌矿FL201—205点构造的几何学、运动学分析图解
①—马平组灰岩；②—黄龙组灰色细晶白云岩；③—红褐色、褐色蚀变白云质角砾岩，角砾多呈菱块状、方块状，方解石角砾胶结角砾呈网脉状；④—红褐色、紫红色构造角砾岩，原岩为灰白色白云岩，层间发育片理化，呈紫红色泥状，较松软；⑤—灰色中厚层片理化细晶白云岩，片理化顺层发育，呈紫红色、褐色；⑥—灰色中至厚层细晶白云岩，局部蚀变为粗晶白云岩
a—F1断裂带野外分带照片；b—F1断裂带紫红色片理化带；c—F1断裂构造蚀变岩带；d—F1吴氏网下半球投影图；e—F4吴氏网下半球投影图Figure 4. Geometry and kinematics analysis diagram of FL201~205 in the FL-ZD
图 5 福来厂铅锌矿FL103断裂剖面素描图
①—白色硅化、方解石化蚀变带；②—角砾岩透镜体化带；③—灰黄色破碎白云岩带；④—角砾岩化破碎带—灰白色—米黄色含方解石应力薄膜粗晶白云岩角砾；⑤灰色中厚层细—中晶白云岩
a—F-2吴氏网下半球投影图；b—FL103点断裂带透镜体化带野外照片；c—FL103点野外照片Figure 5. Fault profile sketch of FL103 in the FL-ZD
图 6 福来厂铅锌矿FL445断裂剖面素描图
①—硅化、方解石化细晶灰岩组成的层间断裂带；②—C2m薄层灰岩包裹硅化不完全灰岩角砾；③—网脉状方解石胶结灰岩角砾；④—团块状方解石；⑤—C2h3灰色薄层灰岩
a—F吴氏网下半球投影图；b—构造蚀变岩Figure 6. Fault profile sketch of FL445 in the FL-ZD
图 7 福来厂铅锌矿FL101断裂平面及剖面素描图
①—粗晶白云岩，发育方解石团块；②—碎裂状白云岩，发育方解石细脉、褐铁矿细脉；③—方解石、褐铁矿细脉
a—F1剖面素描图；b—F1平面素描图；c—F1整体平面野外照片；d—F1发育两组节理；e—F1断裂面擦痕；f—F1吴氏网下半球投影图Figure 7. Fault profile sketch of FL101 in the FL-ZD
图 8 福来厂FL104点断裂剖面素描图
①—方解石胶结角砾岩带；②—灰质碎裂岩；③—方解石细脉；④—透镜体化黄褐色粗晶白云岩，发育擦痕
a—F2野外照片；b—方解石胶结角砾岩；c—F2吴氏网下半球投影图Figure 8. Fault profile sketch of FL104 in the FL-ZD
图 9 福来厂FL206点断裂剖面素描图
①—片理化、碎裂岩化构造岩，原岩为白色、米黄色粗晶蚀变白云岩；②—碎斑岩带，斑晶长轴为N65°E/60°SE；③—灰白色—米黄色方解石化、硅化白云岩
a—断裂面；b—方解石胶结角砾岩；c—F3吴氏网下半球投影图Figure 9. Fault profile sketch of FL206 in the FL-ZD
图 10 福来厂铅锌矿LD8坑道剖面素描图
①—灰色白云质碎裂岩，发育团块状闪锌矿、黄铁矿；②—层间破碎带发育团块状、囊状铅锌矿体；③—断裂带，发育少量白云石脉；④—灰色—灰白色碎裂白云岩
a—点LD8C-7剖面素描图；b—矿体及矿化体位置；c—F2吴氏网下半球投影图；d—断裂F6剖面素描图；e—矿体及矿化体位置；f—断裂F6野外照片；g—F6吴氏网下半球投影图；h—F1和F4断裂照片；i—F3断裂照片Figure 10. Tunnel profile sketch of LD8 in the FL-ZD
图 11 福来厂铅锌矿矿区构造体系
1—压性断裂；2—张性断裂；3—扭性断裂；4—压扭性断层；5—扭压性断层；6—张扭性断层
Figure 11. Structure system of the Fulaichang lead-zinc mine
表 1 福来厂铅锌矿断裂构造及其矿化蚀变特征简表
Table 1. The chararcteristics of faults, mineralization and alteration in the FL~ZD
类型 产状 形态特征 力学性质 构造岩特征 矿化蚀变特征 走向 倾角 倾向 NW向 NW20°~NW70° 55°~80° NE/SW 舒缓波状、缓波状、平直 左行张(扭)性—压扭性—左行扭压 碎裂岩、碎粉岩、片理化、断层泥、碎斑岩 Py、Lim、Ga、Sp、Cal、Dol NE向 NE20°~NE80° 49°~80° NW/SE 平直、缓波状 扭(压)性—扭(张)性—右行压扭 碎裂岩、片理化 Py、Lim、Cal、Dol 注：Py—黄铁矿化; Lim—褐铁矿化(为黄铁矿氧化产物)；Cal—方解石化；Sp—闪锌矿；Ga—方铅矿；Dol—白云石化 
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表 2 LD8构造岩成矿元素组合特征表
Table 2. Metallogenic element assemblage characteristics of tectonic rocks in LD8
序号 编号 Zn/×10-6 Pb/×10-6 Hg/×10-9 Cd/×10-6 MnO/×10-2 Na2O/×10-2 Sb/×10-6 As/×10-6 Ge/×10-6 In/×10-6 1 LD8C-5 5400 2600 1022 7.9 0.14 0.12 2.4 5.5 0.1 0.072 2 LD8C-6 1341 1132 284 6.6 0.09 0.08 1.8 17 0.2 0.031 3 LD8C-7 24300 6200 1220 7.6 0.15 0.22 3.5 7.7 1.1 0.028 4 LD8C-8 1075 940 127 14.1 0.10 0.11 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.023 5 LD8C-9 19200 3200 722 24.3 0.08 0.17 1.6 7.7 2.4 0.026 6 LD8C-12 1626 460 295 3.0 0.07 0.14 1.0 2.7 0.1 0.028 7 LD8C-25 8100 932 631 7.8 0.05 0.12 2.1 11 0.5 0.033 8 LD8C-26 17400 1047 548 27.1 0.20 0.15 0.9 8.5 2.2 0.034 9 FLC-603 24 30 19 0.3 0.02 0.08 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.014 注：FLC-603为LD8坑道顶部地表样，代表围岩矿化特征。
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