ORE-CONTROLLING FACTORS OF THE BAERZHE SUPER-LARGE DEPOSIT IN JARUD BANNER, INNER MONGOLIA
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摘要: 内蒙古巴尔哲矿床不仅是超大型的REE-Zr-Nb-Ta-Be多金属矿床，同时也是大型的U-Th矿床。通过野外地质观察、地面伽玛能谱测量、岩矿鉴定和室内数据处理等，发现铀、钍主要以类质同像的形式存在于矿石矿物中；铍和稀土元素的独立矿物以羟硅铍钇铈矿和独居石为主；铌、钽、锆主要赋存在铌铁矿、烧绿石和锆石中。另外，从构造、岩性及蚀变特征三方面，对巴尔哲矿床的控矿因素进行了详细解剖，研究表明，巴尔哲矿床的铀钍矿化与稀有稀土矿化密切共生，均赋存于强蚀变钠闪石花岗岩中，蚀变主要为钠长石化和硅化。该矿床主要受构造和碱性花岗岩体的控制，是构造和碱性花岗质岩浆演化的耦合产物。Abstract: The Baerzhe deposit is not only a REE-Zr-Nb-Ta-Be super-large polymetallic deposit, but also a large U-Th deposit. Uranium and thorium mainly exist in the form of isomorphism. The minerals of beryllium and rare earth elements are mainly yttroceber-ysite and monazite. Niobium, tantalum and zirconium are mainly hosted in niobite, pyrochlore and zircon. Besides, in this paper, the ore-controlling factors of Baerzhe super-large deposit are analyzed from three aspects of structure, lithology and alteration. The results show that uranium-thorium mineralization is closely related to REE and rare elements mineralization in the Baerzhe deposit, and all of them occur in strongly altered riebeckite granite. Alteration is mainly albitization and silicification. The deposit is controlled by tectonics and alkaline granite body, and it is a product of structure and alkaline granitic magma evolution.
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图 2 内蒙古巴尔哲地区地质图[8]
1—冲积砂、砾石；2—梅勒图组含砾凝灰岩、凝灰熔岩及安山质砂岩；3—白音高老组酸性凝灰熔岩、沉凝灰岩夹中酸性凝灰熔岩；4—玛尼吐组碱流岩夹凝灰熔岩及下部安山岩、凝灰岩；5—满克头鄂博组凝灰熔岩、砂岩、流纹岩、凝灰岩及底部凝灰角砾岩；6—燕山期花岗斑岩；7—燕山期蚀变钠闪石花岗岩；8—燕山期闪长岩；9—石英斑岩脉；10—花岗斑岩脉；9—石英斑岩脉；10—花岗斑岩脉；11—安山玢岩脉；12—二长斑岩脉；13—闪长玢岩；14—实测断层；15—性质不明断层；16—研究区范围
Figure 2. Geological map of the Baerzhe area, Inner Mongolia[8]
图 3 内蒙古巴尔哲矿床显微矿物学特征
Zrn1—自形岩浆锆石；Zrn2—晶簇状热液锆石；Qtz—石英；Nio—针柱状铌铁矿a—自形岩浆锆石和晶簇状它形热液锆石；b—矿石中含有针柱状铌铁矿
Figure 3. Mineralogical characteristics of the Baerzhe deposit, Inner Mongolia
图 4 巴尔哲矿区的遥感影像图和东矿体分布范围
a—巴尔哲矿区遥感影像图，矿区位于两断裂交汇处；b—东矿体位于背斜的核部
Figure 4. Remote sensing image of the Baerzhe deposit and the location of the eastern ore body
图 5 内蒙古巴尔哲地区地面伽马能谱eU和eTh含量等值线图
1—冲积砂、砾石；2—梅勒图组含砾凝灰岩、凝灰熔岩及安山质砂岩；3—白音高老组酸性凝灰熔岩、沉凝灰岩夹中酸性凝灰熔岩；4—玛尼吐组碱流岩夹凝灰熔岩及下部安山岩、凝灰岩；5—满克头鄂博组凝灰熔岩、砂岩、流纹岩、凝灰岩及底部凝灰角砾岩；6—燕山期花岗斑岩；7—燕山期蚀变钠闪石花岗岩；8—燕山期闪长岩；9—石英斑岩脉；10—花岗斑岩脉；11—安山玢岩脉；12—二长斑岩脉；13—闪长玢岩；14—断层及编号a—eU等值线图；b—eTh等值线图
Figure 5. The eU and eTh contour maps of the Baerzhe area, Inner Mongolia
图 6 内蒙古巴尔哲地区碱性花岗岩的6个相带特征
a—晶洞状钠闪石花岗岩；b—伟晶状花岗岩；c—强蚀变钠闪石花岗岩；d—中蚀变钠闪石花岗岩；e—弱蚀变钠闪石花岗岩；f—似斑状钠闪石花岗岩
Figure 6. Six lithofacies characteristics of alkaline granites in the Baerzhe area, Inner Mongolia
表 1 巴尔哲地区不同地质体地面伽玛能谱测量U、Th平均含量
Table 1. Average U and Th contents by gamma ray spectrometry in different geological bodies of the Baerzhe area
岩性 测量点数 U/×10-6 Th/×10-6 K/% Th/U 似斑状钠闪石花岗岩 96 62.14 199.20 4.03 3.21 花岗斑岩 42 3.08 16.06 4.06 5.21 流纹岩 230 4.64 17.12 4.49 3.69 安山岩 19 3.49 11.93 3.60 3.42 含砾岩屑晶屑凝灰岩、岩屑晶屑凝灰岩、晶屑凝灰岩 1176 3.18 13.98 3.84 4.39 凝灰质砂岩 101 2.86 12.26 3.50 4.29 沉凝灰岩 296 3.18 12.60 3.45 3.96 第四系沉积物 270 2.25 9.65 2.44 4.29 
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