REAEARCH ON THE MECHANISM OF THE INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC LOAD OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN ON LAND SUBSIDENCE SUBJECTED TO FAULT EFFECT: A CASE STUDY OF THE HUAILAI SECTION OF THE BEIJING-ZHANGJIAKOU HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY
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摘要: 京张高铁怀来段位于怀涿、延矾盆地复合部位，盆地内土体工程地质特性的差异及隐伏断裂稳滑活动产生的地面沉降无疑会威胁京张高铁的安全运行。依据工程地质钻孔及地球物理探测资料，构建跨活动断层地基土体二维地层结构模型，通过数值模拟手段开展考虑断层效应的高铁列车动载荷对地面沉降的影响机理研究。研究表明：列车动荷载主要影响50 m深度范围内的土体，随车速增加动荷载造成的土体竖向位移降低，随车重增加竖向位移增加；在列车动荷载和断层滑移双重作用下，随深度增加，土体竖向位移以受列车动荷载影响为主转为以断层滑移影响为主，50 m以下土体竖向位移全部由断层滑移所致，且紧邻断层两侧距离相同位置上盘土体竖向位移大于下盘。Abstract: The Huailai section of Beijing-Zhangjiakou (BZ) high-speed railway is located in the compound position of the Huaizhuo basin and Yanfan basin. The ground subsidence resulted from the difference of engineering geological characteristics of soil and sliding of buried faults in the basin will undoubtedly threaten the safe operation of BZ high-speed railway. Using numerical simulation to study the mechanism of the influence of dynamic load of high-speed train on land subsidence subjected to fault effect, the 2D geological model of soils in the Huailai section of BZ high-speed railway is established based on the field data of engineering geological boreholes and geophysical exploration in this study. The results indicate that the dynamic load of the train mainly affects the soil within the depth of 50m, with increasing displacements accompanying decreasing train velocities and increasing train mass. Under both the dynamic train load and fault slip, the settlement of the soil mainly affected by the dynamic train load tends to be mainly controlled by the fault slip as the depth increases. And the settlement of the soil below 50m is controlled by the fault slip. What's more, the settlement of soil around the fault in the hanging wall is larger than that in the footwall at the same distance from the fault.
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图 1 京张高铁沿线主要活动构造图
F1—赤诚-尚义断裂；F2—张家口断裂；F3—怀涿盆地北缘断裂；F4—延矾盆地北缘断裂；F5—施庄断裂
Figure 1. The active tectonics sketch along the Bejing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway
图 2 可控源音频大地电磁测深勘探剖面视电阻率反演等值线图(ZK-06与ZK-09为钻孔编号)
Figure 2. Contour map of apparent resistivity by inversion for Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics sounding data
图 3 延矾盆地北缘断裂F4钻孔剖面图
Figure 3. Borehole profile related to F4 on the north edge of the Yanfan Basin
图 4 考虑活动断层和土层结构的二维地质模型
Figure 4. The 2D geological model considering the fault occurrence and stratum structure
图 5 采用粘弹性人工边界的二维数学模型
Figure 5. The 2D mathematical model using consistent viscous-spring artificial boundaries
图 6 沿高铁线路方向动应力分布曲线
Figure 6. Curve of simulated dynamic stress in the direction of high-speed railway
图 7 沿高铁线路方向不同深度土体竖向位移分布情况
Figure 7. Distribution of vertical displacement of soil mass with different depths under the train load
图 8 不同车速下表层土体竖向位移分布曲线
Figure 8. Distribution curves of vertical displacements of surface soil mass with different train speed
图 9 不同车重下表层土体竖向位移分布曲线
Figure 9. Distribution curves of vertical displacements of surface soil mass under different train type
图 10 断层滑动所致竖向位移分布图
Figure 10. The vertical displacements distribution under the slip of the fault
图 11 断层滑动所致竖向位移分布曲线
Figure 11. Distribution of vertical displacements with different depths under the slip of the fault
图 12 列车动荷载与断层滑动共同作用所致竖向位移分布图
Figure 12. The vertical displacements distribution under the dynamic load of the train and the slip of the fault
图 13 列车动荷载与断层滑动共同作用所致竖向位移分布曲线
Figure 13. Distribution curves of vertical displacements with different depths under the dynamic load of the train and the slip of the fault
图 14 列车动荷载产生竖向位移占总位移的百分比曲线
Figure 14. Percentage curves of vertical displacements to total displacements with different depths under the dynamic load of the train
表 1 断层F4标志性地层
Table 1. Characteristics of marked strata of the fault
标志性地层 上盘厚度/m 下盘厚度/m 断距/m 中更新统地层 40 25 68 下更新统地层 169 73 82 新近系地层 155 57 178 
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表 2 各层土体采用的计算参数
Table 2. Calculation parameters using by each layer of soil
地层序号 土层类型 厚度/m 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 密度/(kg/m3) 粘聚力/kPa 摩擦角/(°) ① 粉土 上盘:5
下盘:1515 0.30 1750 16 28 ② 砾石 上盘a:40;10;30
下盘:540 0.18 2000 10 45 ③ 中粗砂 下盘:10 25 0.22 1800 20 34 ④ 粘土 上盘:40
下盘:3020 0.25 1940 99 27 ⑤ 粉土 上盘:5 15 0.30 1960 30 33 ⑥ 粘土 上盘:10 18 0.27 2000 40 25 ⑦ 有机质粘土 上盘:60
下盘:7020 0.25 2000 106 28 ⑧ 粉质粘土 下盘:70 30 0.2 2100 125 27 断层 / 1.5 0.30 1500 / / 注：a表示②砾石层在上盘有三层，由上而下土层厚度分别为40 m、10 m、30 m
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