THE GENESIS OF THE DOLOMITIC RESERVOIRS OF THE LOWER PERMIAN QIXIA FORMATION IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL SICHUAN BASIN
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摘要: 川中南部地区下二叠统栖霞组在钻探中发现栖二段细—中晶白云岩是良好的储层，并且多口井获得工业气流，展示出一定勘探潜力。为进一步预测川中南部地区白云岩的储层分布特征，加快研究区下一步勘探开发，应用储层岩性特征识别、碳氧同位素、包裹体测温、阴极发光以及稀土元素分析研究白云岩储层成因，结果表明栖霞组白云岩无石膏或其他蒸发盐岩伴生，储集岩以细—中晶白云岩和灰质白云岩为主，主要分布于栖二段；栖霞组白云岩C、O同位素测试δ13C为4.03‰~4.77‰、古盐度为131.74~133.39，包裹体均一温度为110~180℃，阴极发光较弱，基质白云岩发紫红色光，溶洞充填马鞍状白云岩不发光；稀土元素的轻稀土和重稀土分布趋势一致，保持了原岩的稀土配分趋势；综合分析认为栖二段白云岩为埋藏成因，其中裂缝和溶洞充填的马鞍状白云岩为热液成因。Abstract: During the exploration of the south central Sichuan Basin, the fine-medium grained dolostones of Lower Permian Qixia Formation was found as good reservoir rocks. Industrial gas flows were obtained in numbers of development wells, which reveals great potentiality of the gas exploration. For the further prediction of dolomite reservoir distribution characteristics in central and southern regions, speeding up the next exploration and development of the study area, the genesis of dolomite reservoir is studied through the application of reservoir lithology recognition, carbon and oxygen isotope, fluid inclusion, cathodoluminescence and rare earth elements analysis in this study. The results show that, in the Qixia Formation, the dolostones formed without associated gypsum or other evaporites; the reservoir rocks are mainly gray fine-medium grained dolostones, which spread mainly in the Qier Group. According to a series of reservoir rock analysis, the δ13C content is 4.03~4.77‰; the paleosalinity varies among 131.74~133.39; the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions are among 110~180℃; the cathodeluminescence is fairly weak, and the dolomitic matrix reflects purple red light, while the saddle dolomite filled in the vugs absorbs all the light; the distribution tend of light rare earth elements and heavy ones are consistent with the protolith. Overall, in this study it is believed that the Qier Group dolomites were formed during the burial stage, while saddle dolomites filled in the vugs and fractures were formed due to a hydrothermal cause.
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Key words:
- the Qixia Formation /
- dolostone /
- cathodoluminescence /
- inclusions /
- buried genesis /
- hydrothermal genesis
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图 1 四川盆地下二叠统栖霞期岩相古地理图及层序地层柱状图
Figure 1. Lithofacies palaeogeographic map of the Lower Permian Qixia Formation in the Sichuan basin and sequence stratigraphic histogram
图 2 储集空间类型
a—磨溪42井岩石铸体薄片(栖二段4650.44 m，中晶白云岩晶间孔发育，图中蓝色区域为晶间孔)；b—磨溪42井岩心(栖二段4652.99~653.19 m，细—粉晶白云岩，溶洞发育)
Figure 2. Reservoir space types
图 3 磨溪42井栖霞组白云岩包裹体测温
a—基质白云岩，栖二段4653.02 m，左岩心照片，右包裹体照片；b—加大边白云岩，栖二段4650.86 m，左单偏光，右包裹体照片；c—溶洞充填白云岩，栖二段4653.19 m，左岩心照片，右包裹体照片
Figure 3. Temperature measurement of dolomite inclusions in the Qixia formation of well Moxi 42
图 4 磨溪42井栖霞组白云岩包裹体测温统计
Figure 4. Temperature measurement statistics of dolomite inclusions in the Qixia formation of well Moxi 42
图 5 磨溪42井栖霞组白云岩阴极发光特征(左为单偏光，右为阴极发光)
a—中晶白云岩，整体发紫红色光，裂缝不发光，栖二4657.44 m；b—鞍形白云石发光很暗，发极弱的暗红色光，栖二4653.02 m
Figure 5. Cathodoluminescence characteristics of dolomite cores of the Qixia formation in well Moxi 42
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