SUPERPOSITION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF MARINE MESO-PALEOZOIC STRATA BY MESO-CENOZOIC BASINS IN SOUTHERN CHINA
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摘要: 本文主要论述了我国南方中、新生代四期构造变格发育的主要盆地原型及其在主要盆地的迭加特征, 并根据中、新生代盆地原型的迭加方式和构造改造特点, 将南方主要探区的海相中、古生界后期改造形式划分为五种类型, 即:持续前渊*迭加型、渊-滑-断-拗迭加型、渊-滑断迭加型、推覆构造及影子盆地型、残留改造型, 进而分别探讨了它们的主要构造特点和在油气保存条件上的差异。分析认为, 以四川盆地为代表的持续前渊迭加是海相天然气在中、新生代得到有效保存的最有利类型; 其次应为中下扬子地区以江汉盆地、皖南-苏北盆地为代表的渊-滑-断-拗迭加型, 它们在早期(T3-J2)前渊盆地迭加和晚期(K2以来)的断陷-拗陷迭加下曾先后为海相中、古生界构建了区域封盖条件, 尽管在第二变格期(J3-K1)遭受到燕山运动强烈挤压-走滑作用的改造, 但在晚期断-拗盆地迭加下可为海相中、古生界二次生烃油气提供有效保存; 而以楚雄盆地、十万大山盆地为代表的渊-滑断迭加型, 尽管早期(T3-J2)前渊盆地迭加为海相中古生界构建了区域封盖条件, 但自第二变格期以来由于受到冲断与走滑联合作用影响, 使盆地整体形成高块断构造, 对海相油气保存造成不利影响; 同时指出, 要注意推覆构造中的“影子盆地”尤其是区域滑脱层之下的油气保存条件, 以及像南盘江拗陷这类残留改造型的弱变形带。Abstract: This paper focuses on the main basin prototypes developed in four tectonic evolution periods and their superposition in southern China during the Meso-Cenozoic.According to the superposition and tectonic reconstruction of basin prototype, five types of late reconstruction could be recognized for marine Meso-Paleozoic in southern China, namely the persistent foredeep superposition, foredeep-slide-faultdepression superposition, foredeep-slide or fault superposition, nappe structure and shadow basin, and relict reconstruction.Moreover we discuss their main tectonic characteristics and difference in the condition for oil-gas preservation.The study indicates that the persistent foreland basin superposition, represented by the Sichuan Basin, is most favorable for preservation of marine Meso-Cenozoic natural gas.The second favorable type is the foredeep-slide-fault-depression superposition, with its examples in Jiangsu Basin and Wannan-Subei Basin in middle-lower Yangtze.Under the early foreland basin superposition (Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic)and the late fault depression-depression superposition (since Middle Cretaceous), it successively constituted a regional enclosed condition for marine Meso-Paleozoic, and offered a condition for preservation of the second oil-gas formation of marine Meso-Paleozoic although it had been deformed by the strong Yanshanian compression-strike-slip during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.The foredeepslide or fault superposition, represented by the Chuxiong Basin and Shiwan Mountain Basin, set up a regional enclosed condition for marine Meso-Paleozoic in the early stage (Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic), but then imposed an effect upon preservation of marine oil-gas, because it led the basins as a whole to form block structures under the effect of strike-slip and thrust since the second structure stage. In addition, it is pointed out that much attention should be drawn to the "shadow basin" in nappe structure, especially to oil-gas preservation condition below the regional decollement layer as well as the relict reconstructed weak deformation belt such as Nanpanjiang depression.
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图 1 中国南方第一变格期(T3-J2)盆地原型分布图
Figure 1. Distribution of basin prototypes during the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic in southern China
图 2 中国南方第二变格期(J3-K1)盆地原型分布图
Figure 2. Distribution of basin prototypes during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in southern China
图 3 中国南方第三变格期(K2-E)盆地原型分布图
Figure 3. Distribution of basin prototypes during the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene in southern China
图 4 中国南方第四变格期(N-Q)盆地原型分布图
Figure 4. Distribution of basin prototypes during Neogene to Quaternary in southern China
图 8 江汉盆地监利-应城构造剖面图
Figure 8. Tectonic profile along Jianli-Yingcheng in the Jianghan Basin
图 9 江汉盆地上三叠统(左)与侏罗系(右)残留地层厚度图
Figure 9. A sketch showing thickness of relict Upper Triassic (left)and Jurassic (right)in the Jianghan Basin
图 10 苏北盆地盐城-曲塘构造剖面图
Figure 10. Tectonic profile from Yancheng to Qutang in the Subei Basin
图 11 苏南盆地宜兴-句容构造剖面图
Figure 11. Tectonic profile from Yixing to Jurong in the Su'nan Basin
图 12 楚雄盆地CDD97-08线构造剖面图
Figure 12. Tectonic profile of route CDD97-08 in the Chuxiong Basin
图 14 雪峰山-四川盆地褶皱-冲断带构造剖面示意图
Figure 14. Tectonic profile of fold-thrust belt of Xuefeng Mountain-Sichuan Basin
图 15 大巴山前褶皱冲断带构造剖面示意图
Figure 15. Tectonic profile of fold-thrust belt in the front of the Daba Mountains
图 19 句容盆地T1残留油藏构造剖面图
Figure 19. Tectonic profile of relict Early Triassic oil pool in the Jurong Basin
表 1 中国南方主要盆地中新生代地层发育特征表
Table 1. Development of the Meso-Cenozoic strata of the main basins in southern China
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