渭河盆地天然气类型、成因特征及找矿远景分析

刘林; 芮会超; 陈宝赟

渭河盆地天然气类型、成因特征及找矿远景分析

刘林^{1, 2,},
芮会超³,
陈宝赟⁴

1.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.
陕西省矿产资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室, 西安 710054
3.
长安大学地球科学与资源学院, 西安 710064
4.
陕西矿业开发工贸公司, 西安 710054

详细信息

作者简介:
刘林(1967-), 男, 在职博士, 讲师, 主要从事地质矿产勘查、数据挖掘工作。E-mail:liulin1885@163.com

中图分类号: TE132.2
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- 文章访问数: 282
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2016-06-01

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF THE NATURAL GAS IN THE WEIHE BASIN AND ITS PROSPECTING POTENTIAL

1.
China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of exploration and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, Xi'an 710054, China
3.
College of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
4.
Shaanxi Mining Industry & Trade Company, Xi'an 710054, China

摘要

摘要: 根据渭河盆地地热井、油气调查井、氦气调查井气样分析成果，结合近年来地质、物探新成果分析，发现渭河盆地各类钻井中普遍存在含氦天然气，且这些天然气，按甲烷和氦气含量可分为富氦天然气和贫氦天然气两类。位于渭河盆地边部的地热井、区域地质和物化探成果均佐证了渭河盆地基底存在上古生界，未见隐伏的花岗岩体。区域构造演化佐证了渭河盆地周边断裂的形成与区域断裂同期，盆地的形成与演化是区域演化的一部分，其主沉降期是新生代。因此，前人对渭河盆地形成的最早时间为始新世以及不存在上古生界煤系地层基底以及氦气的主要气源岩是分布于基底的富铀花岗岩体和秦岭造山带富铀花岗岩体的认识有待进一步探究。对比邻区鄂尔多斯盆地，发现渭河盆地上古生界煤系地层可作为烃源岩，伽马异常层可作为氦源层，这为重新评价渭河盆地的氦气资源地质前景提供了依据。
- 渭河盆地 /
- 天然气 /
- 氦气 /
- 上古生界 /
- 煤系地层
Abstract: According to the analysis results of gas samples from the geothermal well, the investigation well of oil and helium in the Weihe Basin, we find that all kinds of drills contain gas with helium prevalently, combining the results of geology and latest geophysical prospecting in recent years. And these gas could be divided into helium-rich gases and helium-poor gases based on the content of methane and helium. The results of geology, latest geophysical prospecting and geothermal well also support that the upper Paleozoic strata exits in the Weihe Bsain and insidious granite is not discovered. The regional tectonic evolution illustrates that the faults around the Weihe Basin and regional faults formed contemporaneously, and the formation of the Weihe Basin is the part of regional evolution, which settles mainly in Cenozoic era. Therefore, the former conclusions such as the Weihe Basin begins to form in the Eocene, there is no upper Paleozoic strata with coal in the basement, and the source rock of gas is bearing-uranium granite in the basement and the Qinling orogenic belt, should be further studied and explored. Compared with Ordos Basin, we find that the upper Paleozoic strata with coal in the basement could be the source rock of gas and the Gamma anomaly strata could be the source of helium, which provides evidence to reappraise the resource prospect of helium in the Weihe Basin.
- the Weihe Basin /
- natural gas /
- helium /
- the upper Paleozoic /
- coal measure strata

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图 1 渭河盆地三门组、秦川群、蓝田—灞河组、张家坡组厚度等值线图^[12]

Figure 1. The thickness isoline map of Sanmen, Qinchuan, Lantian-Bahe, Zhangjiapo group strata in the Weihe Basin

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图 2 上地壳二维速度结构和构造解译及平面地质构造图^[13]

Figure 2. 2-D velocity structure and tectonic interpretation in upper crust and geological structural map

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图 3 西安凹陷基地构造地震剖面图

Figure 3. Structural and seismic profiles of Xi'an depression

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图 4 固市凹陷基地构造地震剖面图

Figure 4. Structural and seismic profiles of Gushi depression

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图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地中生代沉积边界与沉积、堆积中心变迁分布图^[14]

1—不同时代地层尖灭线；2—华北克拉通C—P沉积边界；3—盆地T_2—3、J_1—2古沉积边界；4—延长期堆积中心；5—延安期堆积中心；6—直罗—安定期堆积中心；7—早白垩世堆积中心；8—不同时期沉积中心；9—中生代残留盆地；10—侏罗纪残留含煤盆地

Figure 5. Distribution of sedimentary boundary, depocenters and accumulation centers of Mesozoic Ordos basin

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图 6 渭河盆地氦气体积分数与磁性体、断裂关系

Figure 6. The relationship among the helium volume fraction, magnetic body and fracture in the Weihe Basin

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图 7 渭南盆地潜水等水位线及流向图(据王文科，2005)

Figure 7. Contour waterline and flow direction of phreatic water in the Weihe Basin

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表 1 渭河盆地不同构造单元天然气样品气体组分^[3]

Table 1. The composition of nature gas from different tectonic units in the Weihe Basin

构造单元	井名	完井深度/m	气体组分含量%
构造单元	井名	完井深度/m	甲烷	乙烷	丙烷	丁烷	戊烷	氮	二氧化碳	氢	氦	重烃	全烃
西安凹陷	秦宝	2150	2.237	0.024	0.003	0.000	0	96.531	0.024	0	0.754	0.027	2.264
	三普2号	3553	12.800	0.051	0.006	0.002	0.002	73.800	8.180	0.200	2.240	0.061	12.861
	渭深13井	3202	21.790	0.101	0.003	0.007	0	73.710	0.000	0.250	4.140	0.111	21.901
固市凹陷	华阴R1	3200	31.885	0.344	0.089	0.043	0.020	61.579	2.244	0.788	3.007	0.496	32.381
	渭热1井	3200	72.200	2.700	0.500	0.206	0.059	4.301	19.832	0.029	0.106	3.465	75.670
	渭热6井	2005	98.370	0.096	0.012	0.003	0	1.093	0.105	0.320	0	0.111	98.481
宝鸡凸起	眉县西汤峪	1400	0.873	0	0	0	0	98.132	0	0	0.528	0	0.873
宝鸡凸起	宝鸡东方饭店	1450	0.165	0	0	0	0	98.715	0	0	0.968	0	0.165

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表 2 渭河盆地天然气样品组分含量及碳同位素测试结果统计^[4]

Table 2. The statistic results of composition and carbon isotope of nature gas in the Weihe Basin

表 3 渭河盆地与鄂尔多斯盆地天然气碳同位素特征对比

Table 3. Comparison between carbon isotopes of natural gas from the Weihe basin and Ordos basin

盆地	样品来源	δ¹³CH₄/‰		气源类型	样品数量
盆地	样品来源	范围	平均值	气源类型	样品数量
渭河盆地	西安凹陷	-24.5~-43.1	-32.4	煤型气	42
		-45.0~-48.5	-46.1	油型气	3
		-19.8~-23.0	-21.4	幔源气	3
		-48.5~-65.0	-58.9	生物气	8
	固市凹陷	-23.8~-36.4	-33.3	煤型气	6
	固市凹陷	-52.2~-65.6	-61.8	生物气	4
鄂尔多斯盆地	下古生界(O)	-30.6~-41.7	-34.2	煤型热解气	59
	上古生界(C—P)	-29.0~-38.5	-33.5	煤型热解气	85
	中生界(T₃y—J₁y)	-36.7~-59.7	-48.7	油型气	34
注：T₃y—J₁y为上三叠统延长组—下侏罗统延安组；C—P为石炭系—二叠系；O为奥陶系；据王建强资料修编

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表 4 渭河盆地地热水水溶天然气中氦气地球化学分析结果^[8]

Table 4. Geochemical analysis of soluble helium gas from geothermal water in the Weihe Basin

地热井井名/位置	取水深度/m	井口水温/℃	$\varphi $(He)/%	R=³He/⁴He	R/R_a	⁴He/²⁰Ne
户县秦宝娱乐城	1646~2107	81	0.700	(4.70±0.24)×10^-8	0.033	-
户县灵山寺	1035~1634	65	0.477	(6.50±0.38)×10^-8	0.046	226
户县苗圃	1683~2453	71	0.410	(2.92±0.16)×10^-7	0.209	439
临潼771所	1200~2971	91	1.076	(7.80±0.23)×10^-7	0.557	1500
临潼临2井	1331~2692	79	0.840	-	-	-
蓝田峪后温泉	800~1832	65	3.395	(1.26±0.04)×10^-7	0.090	132
蓝田东汤峪	670~1460	64	0.129	(5.02±0.31)×10^-8	0.036	1011
西安电子科大	1216~1831	82	1.053	(3.61±0.29)×10^-8	0.026	413
西安唐园小区	1690~2560	79	1.177	-	-	-
西安供销公司	975~1750	66	0.308	(5.56±0.25)10^-8	0.040	163
西安武警医院	1889~2898	96	0.745	-	-	-
西安电缆厂	2349~3300	100	0.427	(5.17±0.27)×10^-8	0.037	374
渭南中医学院	1766~2874	88	0.114	(1.49±0.07)×10^-7	0.106	1985
兰山顶空气氦同位素标准取国际公认值R_a				(1.40±0.03)×10^-6	1.000	0.31

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