CHARACTERISTICS OF RARE EARTH AND TRACE ELEMENTS OF STIBNITE FROM THE BIJIASHAN ANTIMONY DEPOSIT, SOUTHWEST YUNNAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR ORE GENESIS
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摘要: 以笔架山锑矿床为研究对象，在矿床精细解剖基础上，利用辉锑矿金属矿物ICP-MS分析，指示成矿流体来源和性质。研究结果显示，辉锑矿轻稀土强烈富集，分馏程度高，Tb、Dy、Eu呈显著的正异常，显著的正异常稀土配分模式，与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩的稀土配分模式具有相似性。此外，辉锑矿矿物以其强Sr和Ba正异常的微量元素特征，与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩中高含量Sr和Ba的特征一致。辉锑矿矿物的Y/Ho比值变化较大，其比值随辉锑矿的氧化程度增大和产出海波高度增高而逐渐增大。对比不同流体系统的Y/Ho比值发现氧化程度较大和海拔较高的辉锑矿Y/Ho比值与现代海水的Y/Ho比值接近，氧化程度较低的辉锑矿Y/Ho比值与莲花山岩体Y/Ho比值接近，指示成矿流体可能是岩浆与大气降水不同程度的混和。H-O同位素研究显示出成矿热液来源于岩浆水和大气降水的混合。Pb同位素显示壳、幔源多源铅的特征。S同位素表明辉锑矿的S主要为生物与岩浆热液来源硫的混合。综合研究认为，该矿床是一个受层间构造破碎带控制的位于岩浆远端的低温热液矿床。Abstract: Taking the Bijiashan antimony deposit as the research object, we reveal the source and nature of ore-forming fluid using ICP-MS analysis of stibnite based on the fine dissection of ore deposits. The REE patterns of stibnite show enrichment of LREE with the intense fractionation, with obvious Tb and Dy positive anomaly and Eu positive anomaly, which is similar with the REE patterns of the Himalayan alkali-rich porphyry. Furthermore, the characteristics of strongly Sr and Ba positive anomaly in the trace element of stibnite, is consistent with that of the Himalayan alkali-rich porphyry. The Y/Ho ratios of stibnite increase along with the increase of altitude and degree of oxidation. The Y/Ho ratios of stibnite with high degree of oxidation is similar with the Y/Ho ratios of sea water and the Y/Ho ratios of stibnite with low degree of oxidation is similar with the Y/Ho ratios of the Lianhuashan alkali-rich porphyry, which suggests that ore-forming fluid may be from the mixture of magmas and atmospheric water and that is also supported by H-O isotope study. Isotope analysis reveals that Pb is from multiple sources and S of stibnite is a mixture of biological sulfur and magmatic sulfur. Results display that the deposit controlled by interformational fracture zone is an epithermal deposit which formed in distal volcanic settings.
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Key words:
- the Bijiashan antimony deposit /
- ore fabric /
- ICP-MS /
- ore genesis /
- epithermal deposit
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图 2 巍山笔架山锑矿床矿区构造-蚀变-矿化图[14]
Figure 2. Structure-alteration-mineralization map of the Bijiashan antimony deposit in Weishan, Southwestern China
图 3 巍山笔架山锑矿床矿体特征[39]
ａ—岩脚灰岩节理裂隙及层间接触带矿体素描图； ｂ—扎花山矿段钻孔剖面图
Figure 3. Orebody characteristics of the Bijiashan antimony deposit in Weishan, Southwestern China
图 4 笔架山锑矿床肚故皮矿段控矿构造特征
Figure 4. Ore-controlling tectonic characteristics of Dugupi ore block of the Bijiashan antimony deposit in Weishan, Southwestern China
图 5 笔架山锑矿床矿石类型及矿物组合特征
a—肚故皮矿段块状辉锑矿石；b—扎花山矿段岩子脚氧化矿石；c—杨梅山矿段氧硫混合矿石；d—针状辉锑矿产于萤石中，后期石膏岩矿石边壁生长；e—辰砂萤石集合体被后期石膏充填，萤石呈透明立方体状；f—辉锑矿呈碎裂结构产出
Figure 5. Ore types and mineral assemblages of Bijiashan antimony deposit in Weishan, Southwestern China
图 6 巍山笔架山锑矿床辉锑矿及莲花山岩体微量元素蛛网图对比(莲花山岩体数据来自文献[6])
Figure 6. Comparion of spider diagram of trace element ratio from the Bijiashan antimony deposit and Lianhuashan alkali-rich porphyry in Weishan, Southwestern China
表 1 笔架山锑矿床矿体特征
Table 1. Orebody characteristics in the Bijiashan antimony deposit in Weishan, Southwestern China
矿段名称 矿体编号 含矿岩石 形态 长度/m 宽度/m 平均品位/% 杨岭梅岗 KTⅠ 硅化硅质岩、硅化黏土岩 薄层状 290 60 2.09 KTⅡ 硅化黏土岩、硅化石英岩 薄层状 340 70 1.93 瓦利 KTⅢ 硅化角砾岩、硅化硅质岩 薄层状 200 80 1.62 KTⅣ 硅化黏土岩、硅化硅质岩 薄层状 182 60 3.69 扎花山 KTⅤ 硅化灰岩、硅化角砾岩 薄层状 585 90 1.52 KTⅥ1 硅化石英岩、硅化角砾岩 薄层状 650 80 1.39 KTⅥ2 硅化灰岩 透镜状 40 36 0.92 KTⅥ3 硅化灰岩 透镜状 98 148 0.68 KTⅥ4 硅化硅质岩 透镜状 40 30 1.52 肚故皮 KTⅦ1 硅化硅质岩、硅化石英岩 似层状 473 250 3.22 KTⅦ2 硅化石英岩 薄层状 308 105 1.95 KTⅧ1 硅化石英岩、硅化硅质岩 薄层状 450 90 1.5 KTⅧ2 硅化石英岩 透镜状 55 45 4.5 KTⅧ3 硅化石英岩、硅化硅质岩 透镜状 96 86 0.07 
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表 2 巍山笔架山锑矿床辉锑矿微量元素、稀土元素分析结果(×10-6)
Table 2. Trace elements and REE for stibnite of the Bijiashan antimony deposit in Weishan, southwestern China
样品号 Cs Rb Ba Th U Ta Nb Pb Sr Zr Hf Ti Ga Li Cr Sc V Y Co Ni Cu Zn La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu LREE HREE ΣREE LREE/HREE δEu δCe DGP-11-03 0.002 0.028 194.620 0.001 0.040 0.001 0.018 0.020 0.302 0.098 0.061 2.752 0.007 - 0.348 - 0.088 0.010 - - - - 14.704 0.261 0.027 0.009 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.012 0.112 0.001 - 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.30 0.13 15.13 2.30 0.61 0.04 YJ-11-01 0.069 0.080 245.400 0.003 0.031 0.013 0.026 23.660 0.927 0.172 0.046 3.922 0.016 0.183 0.527 - 0.076 0.220 - 0.309 2.660 15.690 16.756 0.328 0.031 0.014 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.018 0.132 0.003 0.009 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.38 0.19 17.32 2.05 0.59 0.04 YJ-11-08 0.054 0.327 874.600 0.046 0.101 0.201 0.252 2.110 0.393 0.249 0.113 4.052 0.106 0.814 48.340 0.040 0.326 0.123 0.076 26.400 11.918 129.460 24.140 0.578 0.050 0.036 0.009 0.037 0.015 0.022 0.176 0.004 0.008 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.71 0.24 25.09 3.01 3.20 0.05 LKD-11-02 0.051 0.183 403.000 0.023 0.204 0.280 0.157 0.221 7.930 0.147 0.117 5.868 0.020 0.318 1.834 0.049 0.505 0.103 - 0.736 22.560 18.138 28.280 0.681 0.056 0.032 0.007 0.005 0.011 0.035 0.200 0.003 0.005 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.78 0.26 29.32 2.99 0.52 0.05 YMS-11-03 0.102 0.170 278.600 0.036 1.653 0.048 0.059 0.139 0.206 1.876 0.148 2.892 0.054 0.516 3.908 0.081 2.044 0.289 - 2.488 3.132 40.920 20.880 0.470 0.040 0.035 0.009 0.003 0.017 0.022 0.167 0.006 0.015 0.003 0.014 0.003 0.56 0.25 21.69 2.27 0.24 0.05 注：-指测试值低于检出限
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