GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS MONITORING AND APPLICATION IN MOUNTAINOUS TOWN OF THREE GORGES RESERVOIR
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摘要: 以三峡库区羊角场镇为例，在地质调查基础上，利用伸缩位移计、应力计等常规地面监测设备，对地表裂缝相对位移和危岩体基座应力进行监测，并结合GPS静态和实时动态测量等技术，开展了角反射器干涉测量技术（CR-InSAR）和高相干InSAR技术在复杂山区地质灾害大范围调查与识别应用，从点到面、从大型危岩体到区域地表形变全覆盖。各种方法监测结果较为一致，有效实现了典型山区城镇地质灾害变形的高精度、动态立体化监测。Abstract: Regular geological hazards monitoring is very difficult in southwestern mountainous area, due to steep terrain, abundant plants, rainy and foggy weather. On the basis of geological hazards survey, a comprehensive monitoring network has been established. Regular geo-hazards monitoring devices, such as telescopic displacement meters and stressometers, are installed to monitor relative displacement of ground cracks and stress in base of perilous rock respectively. Static and real-time GPS, as well as corner reflector interferometry (CR-InSAR), are applied to monitor ground movement of perilous rocks. In order to obtain regional deformation, high coherence InSAR is adopted to investigate and detect geo-hazards. The Yangjiao monitoring network achieves high-resolution and real-time monitoring, and the methods applied are essentially in agreement with movement results.
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Key words:
- mountainous town /
- geological hazards monitoring /
- perilous rock /
- InSAR
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图 1 重庆武隆县羊角场镇地貌与地质灾害分布(镜像南)
Figure 1. Distribution of geological hazards in Yangjiao area
图 2 羊角场镇地质灾害监测点布置图(水平位移为静态GPS监测结果)
Figure 2. Lay-out of geohazards monitoring devices in Yangjiao area
图 3 重庆羊角庆口危岩三向伸缩位移监测
Figure 3. The three dimensional displacement monitoring devices installed in Yangjiao area
图 4 重庆武隆羊角危岩带裂缝位移监测曲线
Figure 4. Time series of relative displacement of ground cracks in Yangjiao area
图 6 重庆武隆羊角危岩带岩体应力监测曲线
Figure 6. Time series of stress in perilous rock base in Yangjiao area
图 7 DT01实时动态GPS监测时间曲线
Figure 7. Time series of deformation in DT01 station by real-time GPS monitoring
图 8 DT02实时动态GPS监测时间曲线
Figure 8. Time series of deformation in DT02 station by real-time GPS monitoring
图 9 羊角场镇区域地表形变平均速率(2012年6月—2014年1月)
Figure 9. Average ground deform velocity of Yangjiao area (June 2012-January 2014)
表 1 羊角场镇大型危岩体特征表
Table 1. Charateristics of large-scale perilous rock masses in Yangjiao area
危岩名称 岩性 滑坡形态 破坏模式 大巷危岩 二叠系吴家坪组灰岩 长条形 视向滑动式 庆峰危岩Ⅰ 长条形 视向滑动式 庆峰危岩Ⅱ 柱状 滑塌式 庆口危岩 长条形 视向滑动式 小湾后危岩 柱状 滑塌式 大湾后危岩 柱状 倾倒式 观音洞危岩 不规则形 落石破坏式 小湾危岩 二叠系茅口组灰岩 柱状 滑塌式 大湾危岩 柱状 滑塌式 大湾北危岩 锥状 滑塌式 观音洞北危岩 柱状 滑塌式 
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表 2 羊角场镇的地质灾害遥感监测结果(单位：mm)
Table 2. Monitoring results of geohazards via remote sensing methods in Yangjiao area
点号 测量方法 东 北 水平位移量 垂直* 点位 位移方向 监测时间 JT01 静态GPS -7.0 0.0 7.0 24.0 大巷危岩 南 2014/10—2015/10 JT02 -2.0 -2.0 2.8 10.0 西南 JT03 -1.0 3.0 3.2 -1.0 东南 JT04 静态GPS -1.0 -3.0 3.2 -16.0 庆峰危岩 西南 2012/11—2015/10 CR01 角反射器干涉 - - 11.0 -4.0 西南 2012/06—2014/01 JT05 静态GPS -8.0 -1.0 8.1 -16.0 西南 2012/11—2015/10 CR02 角反射器干涉 - - 21.0 -8.0 西南 2012/06—2014/01 DT01 静态GPS 5.0 -11.0 12.1 -5.0 西北 2013/10—2015/09 动态GPS 4.5 -6.4 7.8 -12.2 西北 JT06 静态GPS 5.0 -5.0 7.1 -29.0 西北 2013/10—2015/10 DT02 静态GPS -3.0 4.0 5.0 -36.0 庆口危岩 东南 2013/10—2015/07 动态GPS -1.4 5.2 5.4 4.6 东南 JT07 静态GPS -3.0 1.0 3.2 -59.0 羊角滑坡 东南 2013/10—2015/10 JT08 0.0 1.0 1.0 -56.0 东 JT09 0.0 -9.0 9.0 -51.0 西 *：位移方向垂直向下为负，向上为正
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