DOMINANT CONTROLLING FACTORS AND REGULARITIES OF FORMATION OF PETROLEUM ACCUMULATIONS IN THE TAZHONG AREA
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摘要: 塔中地区油气成藏复杂, 影响因素较多。通过对已钻井油气藏的分析, 认为该区影响油气成藏的控制因素有①烃源岩; ②运移通道(断层控制油气纵横向分布、运载层对油气的横向运移作用、不整合面对油气的横向运移控制); ③构造类型(圈闭类型、构造样式、成油期古隆起); ④构造演化; ⑤储层物性及展布; ⑥储盖组合; ⑦火成岩对油气藏的影响。成藏规律为①圈闭和油源断层是东河组成藏的必要条件; ②构造与储层控油、多期成藏、后期充注是志留系成藏的基本特征; ③储层发育程度是奥陶系成藏的关键; ④油气多期充注造成多层系含油、南北分异的成藏特点。该区油气成藏条件好, 勘探程度较高。尤其奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏以类型多、含油气井段长, 其形态受不规则孔、缝、洞储层的控制, 非均质性极强, 储层发育程度是奥陶系油气富集的主控因素。Abstract: Because of many influence factors, the formation of petroleum accumulations is complex in the Tazhong area.Analysis of drilled petroleum accumulations shows that the main controlling factors affecting the formation of petroleum accumulations in the area include:① source rock; ② migration channels (faults controlled the vertical and lateral distribution of petroleum, carrier layers affected the lateral movement of petroleum and unconformity controlled the lateral movement of petroleum); ③ types of structure (types of trap, structure styles and paleo-uplift during petroleum generation); ④ tectonic evolution; ⑤ physical properties and distribution of accumulations; ⑥ reservoir and seal association; and ⑦ influence of igneous rocks on petroleum accumulations.The regularities of formation of accumulations are as follows:① traps and source-related faults are necessary conditions for the formation of accumulations in the Donghe sandstone; ② controls of structure and reservoir on petroleum, multistage formation of accumulations and later-stage injection are basic features of Silurian formation of accumulations; ③ the degree of development of accumulations is the key to the formation of Ordovician accumulations; and ④multi-stage injection of petroleum produced the features of occurrence of petroleum in several layers and north-south differentiation.The study area is characterized by good conditions for formation of petroleum accumulations and a higher level of exploration, and it is particularly the case with the Ordovician carbonate petroleum accumulations which are marked by more types and longer petroleumbearing well intervals.Their shapes were controlled by irregular pores, cracks, and cavities because of their very strong heterogeneity.The reservoir quality is the dominant controlling factor for the concentration of Ordovician petroleum.
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图 1 塔里木盆地塔中地区工区位置图
1.断层; 2.背斜构造; 3.构造带; 4.井位; 5.下奥陶顶构造线; 6.工区
Figure 1. Location of the work site in the Tazhong area, Tarim basin
图 2 塔中隆起西部上奥陶统烃原岩厚度分布图
Figure 2. Isopach map of Upper Ordovician source rocks in the western Tazhong uplift
图 3 塔中地区油气充注方式示意图
O1-ε3 —下奥陶统-上寒武统; O2-3—中上奥陶统; D +S—泥盆系+志留系; C —石炭系; P —二叠系; T —三叠系
Figure 3. Diagram of oil/gas injection ways in the Tazhong area
图 4 中1井断层控制油藏模式图
(D3-S3)k — (上泥盆统—上志留统)克孜尔塔格组; D3d—上泥盆统东河砂岩; C —石炭系
Figure 4. Model of the fault-controlled accumulation shown by the Zhong 1 well
图 5 不整合面控制油气横向运移图
O1 —下奥陶统; O2+3 —中上奥陶统; O3 —上奥陶统; S1 tt —志留系塔塔埃尔塔格组; (D3-S3) k — (上泥盆统—上志留统)克孜尔塔格组
Figure 5. Lateral migration of unconformity-controlled oil/gas
图 6 塔中45号构造奥陶系油气藏综合图
Figure 6. Composite map of an Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong 45 structure
图 7 塔中西部倾没端油气成藏演化模式图
Kz—新生界; K—白垩系; T—三叠系; P—二叠系; C—石炭系; D—泥盆系; S—志留系; O2+3—中上奥陶统; ε3+O1 —上寒武统+下奥陶统; ε1+2 —中下寒武统
Figure 7. Model of formation and evolution of a hydrocarbon accumulation in the plunge crown of the structure in western Tazhong
图 8 塔中47井东河砂岩和志留系油藏模式图
Figure 8. Model of the Donghe sandstone and Silurian hydrocarbon accumulations shown by well Tazhong 47
图 9 塔中地区东河砂岩和石炭系油气有利分布预测图
Figure 9. Forecast map of favorable distribution of the Donghe sandstone and Carboniferous petroleum in the Tazhong area
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