龙门山构造带南段向西南延伸的遥感影像证据及地震地质意义

马晓雪; 吴中海; 李家存; 周春景; 李凯; 王继龙

龙门山构造带南段向西南延伸的遥感影像证据及地震地质意义

马晓雪^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
吴中海^{2, 4, ,},
李家存^{1, 3},
周春景^{2, 4},
李凯^{1, 2, 3, 4},
王继龙^{2, 4, 5}

1.
首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048
2.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
3.
资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048
4.
国土资源部新构造运动与地质灾害重点实验室, 北京 100081
5.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 12120114002101

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160268

国家自然科学基金项目 41571013

国家自然科学基金项目 41171009

详细信息

作者简介:
马晓雪(1991-), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要从事3S技术与地学应用研究。E-mail:mxx120591@sina.com

通讯作者:
吴中海(1974-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事新构造和活动构造研究。E-mail:wzhh4488@sina.com

中图分类号: P627;P315.2
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- 文章访问数: 274
- HTML全文浏览量: 71
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-03-25
- 刊出日期: 2016-09-01

REMOTE SENSING EVIDENCE OF THE SOUTH SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE EXTENDING TO SOUTHWEST AND ITS SEISMIC GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

MA Xiao-xue^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
WU Zhong-hai^{2, 4
, ,},
LI Jia-cun^{1, 3},
ZHOU Chun-jing^{2, 4},
LI Kai^{1, 2, 3, 4},
WANG Ji-long^{2, 4, 5}

1.
College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
2.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Geographic Information System, Beijing 100048, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100081, China
5.
College of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 在系统总结活动断裂遥感影像解译标志的基础上，利用Landsat ETM、Google Earth及ASTER GDEM等影像资料，结合前人研究成果，重点分析了龙门山构造带南段主要活动断裂的空间展布及几何学与运动学特征。研究结果表明，龙门山构造带在向南延伸过程中发生了明显的断裂分散现象，整个断裂带逐渐展宽，主要包括5条断裂带且其中包含多条次级断裂，至最南端被北西向鲜水河左旋走滑断裂带阻挡。其中活动性较为明显的断裂自西向东主要有4条：泸定断裂、天全断裂、芦山断裂和大邑-名山断裂，前两者是北川-映秀断裂的南延分支，而后两者是安县-灌县断裂的南延部分。由于龙门山构造带南段的构造变形被分解至多条次级断裂上，导致单条断裂错断地表的活动迹象明显变弱，因此单条断裂的潜在发震频率和强度也将相应变小，但潜在震源区会更为分散。结合已有的地震地质资料认为，未来应注意泸定和雅安2个地区的地壳稳定性及未来强震危险性问题。
- 龙门山构造带 /
- 遥感解译 /
- 活动断裂 /
- 潜在震源区 /
- 芦山地震
Abstract: Combining remote sensing imagery interpretation of active faults with Landsat ETM, Google Earth and ASTER GDEM image data, this paper analysed the spatial distribution and geometry and motion characteristics of the south section of Longmenshan tectonic belt. The results showed that Longmenshan tectonic belt occurred obvious fracture dispersion in the process of extending to the south. The tectonic zone gradually widened, developing 5 faults and many secondary faults. The southernmost of Longmenshan tectonic zone was stopped by Xianshuihe sinistral strike-slip fault. Activities of Luding fault, Tianquan fault, Lushan fault and Dayi-Mingshan fault are more obvious. The former two are south-extending branches of Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, the latter two are south-extending branches of Anxian-Guanxian fault. The tectonic deformation of south Longmenshan tectonic belt was dispersed to a plurality of secondary faults, resulting in surface activity signs of single fault weaken significantly. So the potential earthquake frequency and intensity of single fault will also be correspondingly smaller, but potential seismic source region will be more dispersed. According to the existing seismic geological data, we should pay attention to the crustal stability and strong earthquake risk in Ya'an and Luding areas in the future.
- Longmenshan tectonic belt /
- remote sensing interpretation /
- active fault /
- potential seismic source region /
- Lushan earthquake

HTML全文

图 1 龙门山断裂带及邻区地质简图和地层剖面^[26]

Pc-前寒武系; Z-新元古系(震旦系); Pz-古生界; T-三叠系; J-侏罗系; K-白垩系; E-始新统; 红线为新生代断裂

Figure 1. Simplified geologic map and stratigraphic profiles of the Longmenshan fault zone and its adjacent region

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 龙门山断裂带南段地震烈度图

(数据来源：中国地震信息网http://www.csi.ac.cn/publish/main/837/1074/index.html)

Figure 2. Earthquake intensity map of the southern segment of Longmenshan fault zone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 龙门山断裂带南段活动断裂研究现状与地震分布图(ASTER GDEM)^[27~30]

Figure 3. Active faults and earthquakes in the southern segment of Longmenshan fault zone (ASTER GDEM)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 龙门山断裂带南段几何展布及地震分布图(ETM7)

Figure 4. Geometric distribution of the south segment of Longmenshan fault zone and earthquake distribution(ETM7)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 卧龙—硗碛断裂带几何展布及错断地貌特征

Figure 5. Geometric distribution of Wolong-Yaoji fault zone and and features of displacing landforms

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 泸定断裂带的几何展布及错断地貌特征

Figure 6. Geometric distribution of Luding fault zone and features of dislocation landforms

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 天全断裂带的几何展布及地貌特征

Figure 7. Geometric distribution of Tianguan fault zone and its landform features

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 芦山断裂和大邑-名山断裂的几何展布及错断地貌特征

Figure 8. Geometric distribution of Lushan and Dayi-Mingshan faults and their dislocation landform features

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 龙门山断裂带南段主要活动断裂的延伸

Figure 9. Extension of the major active faults in the south segment of Longmenshan fault zone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 龙门山断裂带南段的三维结构与芦山7.0地震发震构造示意图

Figure 10. A model map showing the three-dimensional structure of the southern section of LongmenShan fault zone and seismogenic structures associated with the Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 卧龙-硗碛断裂带主要断裂参数及遥感标志

Table 1. The major activity faults' parameters and remote sensing marks in Wolong-Yaoji fault

断裂带	编号	断裂名称	走向	长度/km	性质	活动性	遥感标志
耿达—陇东断裂带	F1-1	卧龙断裂	NE	78	右旋走滑	弱	断层三角面和雁列状冲沟，冲沟右旋错动
	F1-2	耿达断裂	NNE	26	右旋走滑	极弱	水系向右偏转
	F1-3	硗碛断裂	NEE	35	右旋走滑	极弱	影像特征不明显
	F1-4	城墙岩断裂	E	39	右旋走滑	极弱	断层三角面和雁列状冲沟，冲沟向右偏转
	F1-5	中岗断裂	NE	26	右旋走滑	极弱	影像特征不明显

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 泸定断裂带主要断裂参数及遥感标志

Table 2. The major fault parameters and remote sensing marks in Luding fault zone

编号	断裂名称	走向	长度/km	性质	活动性	遥感标志
F2-1	水磨断裂	NE	35	右旋走滑	中等	断裂沿沟谷延伸，断层陡坎发育
F2-2	三江断裂	NE	24	右旋走滑	极弱	发育一系列断层崖和断层三角面
F2-3	泸定断裂	NE—NNE	168	右旋走滑	中等	大渡河发生明显偏移，偏移量高达4.7±0.5 km，山脊错动
F2-4	宝兴断裂	NE—NEE	49	右旋走滑	中等	西河发生明显偏移，偏移量高达6.4±0.5 km

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 天全断裂带主要断裂参数及遥感标志

Table 3. The major fault parameters and remote sensing marks in Tianguan fault zone

编号	断裂名称	走向	长度/km	性质	活动性	遥感标志
F3-1	天全断裂	NE—NNE	172	右旋走滑	中等	断裂沿线性沟谷展布，断裂谷发育，断裂切割河流谷坡形成断层崖、断层沟槽及垭口
F3-2	飞水断裂	NE	30	右旋走滑	极弱	无明显错断现象，断裂行迹不清晰
F3-3	大川断裂	NNE	30	右旋走滑	极弱	沿断裂发育一排整齐的断裂谷，断裂两侧地貌差异明显
F3-4	双石断裂	NE	21	右旋走滑	极弱	断层崖发育，水系右旋错动
F3-5	永河断裂	NE	28	右旋走滑	极弱	断裂沿线性沟谷发育

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 芦山断裂和大邑-名山断裂的参数及遥感标志

Table 4. The major fault parameters and remote sensing marks in Lushan fault and Dayi-Mingshan fault

编号	断裂名称	走向	长度/km	性质	活动性	遥感标志
F4	芦山断裂	NNE—NE	115	逆冲	中等	断裂两侧地形差异较大，发育雁列状冲沟
F5	大邑—名山断裂	E—N	133	逆冲	中等	断裂沿盆山边界展布，断裂西侧发育一系列断层三角面和小鼓丘

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