FORMATION MECHANISM OF GEO-HAZARDS TRIGGERED BY WENCHUA MS8.0 EARTHQUAKE ALONG DUJIANGYAN-WENCHUAN HIGHWAY
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摘要: 汶川特大地震发生后, 都江堰至汶川公路两旁次生地质灾害尤为严重, 先后多次完全中断震中交通生命线, 严重地影响了公路的安全运行和灾后重建。通过对汶川地震前后都江堰-汶川公路边坡现场调查资料对比分析, 研究了该地段边坡的主要次生地质灾害类型及其破坏模式、形成机制和时空分布特点。破坏类型主要为碎屑流式、碎裂滑移式崩塌和碎裂-俯冲式、振荡-高速滑移式泥石流等, 造成沿线边坡发生大面积浅表生改造破坏。此类灾害具有丛集性、相关性、分段性的明显特点。成因复杂的高陡岩土体是次生地质灾害的主要物质基础；强烈的场地地震效应和内外动力耦合作用是该地区地质灾害成生的主要因素。Abstract: The geological hazards induced by the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake along the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway are especially severe and have seriously affected the safe riding along the highway and the reconstructions. In order to prevent and reduce disasters effectively, main geo-hazard type, slope failure modes and its formation mechanism, and the tempo-spitial distribution in the area have been studied on the basis of the field investigations and statistic analysis of available data. The main damage types include debris flow to collapse, cataclastic rocks to collapse, and shatter-subduction type mudslides, oscillation high-speed sliding debris flows along the slope area. Born transformation induced by such disasters have intensive, systematic and subsection characteristic. Thegeologic hazards have many types and are notably divided into sectors; the high and steep rock deposits of complex origin become the main materials of geological hazards; intense earthquake effect and coupling of endogenic and exogenic forces are important factors for formation and occurrence of geological hazards in the area.
- 致谢: 野外工作期间得到西藏自治区国土资源厅王保生厅长、河南地质勘查局区域地质调查院王建平院长、河南地质勘查局区域地质调查队刘彦明队长、白朝军高级工程师、王丰收工程师、贾共祥工程师的热情帮助和全力支持，使该项研究得以顺利进行; 研究工作中得到韩同林研究员、孙立蒨研究员、马天林研究员、钱方研究员、王建平研究员的具体指导，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 都汶公路地质构造略图
Figure 1. A map showing the regional geology along the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway
图 4 茅草坡碎屑流式崩塌及其剖面示意图
Figure 4. Typical debris flow to collapse and its sketch profile in Maocaopo
图 6 磨子沟典型碎裂-俯冲式破坏模型
Figure 6. Failure mode for cataclasite-subduction type debris flow in Mozigou
图 7 牛圈沟上游何家山振荡-高速滑移式泥石流模型
①第一个弯道碎屑流爬坡区; ②第二弯道碎屑流爬坡区; ③第三个弯道碎屑流爬坡区; ④冲积物滑床。
Figure 7. A oscillations high speed slippage model for mudslides in Niuquangou
图 8 都江堰-汶川公路次生地质灾害分布图
Figure 8. A map showing distribution of geo-hazards along the sectionfrom Dujiangyan-Wengchuan Highway
图 9 都汶路次生地质灾害年内分布曲线图
Figure 9. Distribution curve of geo-hazards along the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway in the year
图 10 都汶路次生地质灾害发育时间
Figure 10. Temporal distribution of geological hazardsin Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway
图 11 都汶公路构造力作用示意图
A图:叠瓦状剖面示意图 B图:次生地质灾害与活动断裂关系
图 1.地表破裂缝; 2.都汶公路次生地质灾害点; 3.汶川特大地震震中; 4.东西向挤压导致的剪切力偶及断层走向; 5.汶川特大地震东西向挤压Figure 11. A diagram of geodynamic cause of Wenchuan earthquake along Dujiangyan-Wenchuan HighwayA
表 1 次生地质灾害分布与地层岩性的关系
Table 1. Relation between geo-hazard distribution and formation lithology
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