DISCUSSION ON THE EPOCH OF LACUSTRINE STRATA IN TOGTOH, INNER MONGOLIA
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摘要: 采用岩性描述以及OSL和ESR测年方法,研究内蒙古托克托台地郝家窑剖面和郝家窑钻孔的地层时代。研究表明,郝家窑剖面出露地层厚度47.0 m,湖相层顶部的年龄约为距今100 ka,剖面底部的年龄约为距今150 ka。郝家窑钻孔岩性大致分3段:0~12.77 m为棕黄色粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂,OSL年龄为距今120~40 ka,应属晚更新世马兰黄土;12.77~72.23 m为淡黄绿、灰褐色粉、细砂层和粉砂质黏土,湖相沉积层,OSL年龄约为距今400~100 ka,属上更新统-下更新统;72.23~118.45 m为棕红色粉砂质黏土层夹钙质层,属受流水影响的风成黄土,ESR年龄为距今476~990 ka,对应于中更新统离石黄土。托克托湖相层的时代与萨拉乌苏河流域经典的萨拉乌苏组(距今75~150 ka)有较大差距,似乎不宜归入萨拉乌苏组,建议暂称为托克托组。Abstract: A set of later Quaternary fluvial-lacustrine strata is widely distributed in the Hetao region, which is compared with Salawusu Formation by predecessors. The Togtoh mesa is located in the east of the Hetao plain, and forms the geomorphic second platform. The lacustrine strata are well-exposed along the east bank of the Yellow River at the front edge of Togtoh mesa. The article mainly studied on the age of Haojiayao section and Haojiayao drill core section by lithological description as well as OSL and ESR dating methods. The emergence stratum of Haojiayao section is 47 m thick, the age at the top of lacustrine formation is about 106 kaBP, and the bottom is about 150 kaBP. Base on the lithological character, the Haojiayao drill core section can be divided to three parts:0~12.77 m is a set of brownish yellow silty clay and clayey silt layers, which should be the Late Pleistocene Malan Loess, and its OSL age is 106~40 kaBP; 12.77~70.23 m is a set of chartreuse, taupe silt and silty clay layers which should be lacustrine deposition, with OSL age being about 400~106 kaBP which belongs to Late Pleistocene; 70.23~118.45 m is a set of brownish red silty clay layers with calcareous interlayers, that should be the eolian loess which was influenced by water, its ESR age is about 476~990 kaBP, and corresponds to the Middle Pleistocene Lishi Loess. The Togtoh lacustrine strata should not belong to the Salawusu Formation, because of the large differences between the age of classic Salawusu Formation and the Salawusu river basin which is about 75~150 kaBP.
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Key words:
- Salawusu Formation /
- lacustrine strata /
- OSL age /
- ESR age /
- Togtoh platform
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钻孔自上而下岩性描述: 17.棕黄色粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂、粉砂,质地较均匀。 12.77 m (119)黄褐色(10YR 5/4)粉砂 1.56 m (118)暗黄棕色(10YR 4/4)粉砂 1.11 m (117)黄褐色(10YR 5/4)粉砂 3.03 m (116)暗灰色棕色(10YR 4/2)黏土质粉砂 0.30 m (115)暗黄棕色(10YR 4/4)粉砂质黏土,底部有白色钙丝 0.62 m (114)黄褐色(10YR 5/4)粉砂 1.12 m (113)黄褐色(10YR 5/6)粉砂 0.76 m (112)黄褐色(10YR 5/4)粉砂 3.46 m (111)暗黄棕色(10YR4/4)粉砂质黏土,粘质含量增高 0.81 m ——————平行不整合—————— 16.灰绿、黄绿色黏土夹粉细砂薄层 5.51 m (110)浅灰绿、黄绿色(10Y-5GY 6/2)粘质粉砂,顶部见钙结核 1.21 m (109)浅绿色(10Y-5GY 5/2)黏土,底部20 cm夹有红褐、黄色细砂 1.15 m (108)浅黄褐色(2.5Y 5/4)砂质黏土与砂互层,底部灰白色薄砂层 0.52 m (107)橄榄色、灰黄绿色(5Y 5/3)黏土,夹有薄层砂,16.06 m和16.47 m处各有一钙质层 0.97 m (106)浅黄褐、灰黄绿色(2.5Y 5/3)黏土 0.45 m (105)绿灰、浅灰白色(GLEY1 6/10Y)细粉砂 0.25 m (104)灰绿、浅黄绿色(10Y-5GY 5/2)粉砂黏土,底部夹灰色黏土薄层,见斜层理与交错层理,17.0 m处有一灰白色细砂 0.96 m 15.浅灰色细砂 1.18 m (103)淡绿灰、灰白色(GLEY1 7/N)细砂 0.03 m (102)浅灰夹浅黄色(5Y 6/3)细砂,向下粘质含量增多 1.15 m 14.黄灰、褐黄色黏土、粉砂黏土,含钙质层 5.49 m (101)黄灰、浅橄栏灰色(5Y 6/2)粉砂黏土,夹红褐薄层 0.15 m (100)浅棕黄、灰棕色(2.5Y 5/2)粉砂黏土,往下颜色偏褐黄,黏土含量增多 0.97 m (99)白色、灰白色(WHITE PAG N/8.5)钙板层夹浅灰钙质黏土,其中20.66~20.70 m、20.74~20.80 m为很硬钙板层,两层中间较软 0.23 m (98)棕黄色、浅灰色(5Y 6/4)黏土,薄层互层,顶部见垂直裂缝,表面碳膜 0.49 m (97)浅黄褐色(2.5Y 5/4)黏土 0.66 m (96)浅灰白、绿灰色(GLEYI 6/5GY)粘质黏土,底部钙板 0.67 m (95)褐黄、浅灰色(5Y 6/3)粘质粉砂,钙含量高 0.16 m (94)浅灰白、银灰色(GLEY2 6/5B)钙质黏土,中部斜层理 1.48 m (93)白、灰白色(WHITE 2.5Y_1/9)钙质层,上部含褐黄色粉砂薄层 0.35 m (92)浅黄褐色(2.5Y 5/3)夹浅灰色细粉砂 0.33 m 13.上灰白下灰绿色中细砂 2.00 m (91)灰白、浅黄色(WHITE 2.5Y-/2 8/)中砂,底部钙质层 0.10 m (90)浅灰绿、黄褐色(10Y-5GY 10Y 5/2)细砂,较纯 1.90 m 12.灰色、棕红色与浅黄绿色黏土、钙质黏土与砂质黏土互层 2.86 m (89)灰色、灰绿色(10Y-5GY 5GY 5/2)钙黏土,钙板 0.19 m (88)浅蓝灰、浅灰、灰黑色(GLEY2 7/5B)钙质黏土,顶部钙板 0.20 m (87)浅蓝灰、浅灰白色(GLEY2 8/10B)杂黄色钙质黏土 0.21 m (86)棕红色(10YR 5/4)黏土,向下黄色浅重 0.55 m (85)浅绿灰、浅灰白色(GLEY2 7/10 BG)夹浅黄灰色黏土 0.20 m (84)黄褐、浅黄绿色(10Y-5GY 10Y 6/4)砂质黏土 0.91 m (83)浅灰、浅红棕色(5Y 6/4)黏土,向下红色加重,并含薄层砂,有一段是砂、黏土互层 0.60 m 11.灰白色中细砂 1.67 m (82)灰白、浅黄色(WHITE 2.5Y-/2 8/)色中细砂,较纯,疏松,底部黄褐色 1.67 m 10.浅红棕色与浅黄灰色黏土互层 4.79 m (81)灰、浅灰红色(5YR 6/1)黏土,含一砂团粒 0.19 m (80)黄褐、浅黄褐色(10YR 5/4色)黏土 1.95 m (79)浅红棕、粉灰色(5YR 6/2)黏土 0.21 m (78)浅黄灰、绿灰色(GLEY1 6/10Y)黏土,下部夹薄层砂 0.68 m (77)绿灰色、青灰色(GLEY1 5/5G-1)黏土 0.96 m (76)红棕色、红灰色(5YR 5/2)黏土,底部渐含砂 0.80 m 9.灰黄色中细砂 2.19 m (75)灰黄色、浅红棕色(2.5Y 6/3)中细砂,细砂,较纯,疏松 2.19 m 8.青灰色细砂,含钙质层 6.56 m (74)青灰色、绿灰色(GLEY1 6/10Y)细砂,纯,疏松,顶部含钙 0.48 m (73)灰黄色、浅红棕色(2.5Y 6/3)细砂,纯,疏松 0.63 m (72)青灰色、绿灰色(GLEY1 5/5GY)细砂,含少量粘质成分 0.57 m (71)青灰白色、绿灰色(GLEY1 6/10Y)细砂,疏松 0.11 m (70)青灰色、绿灰色(GLEY1 6/5GY)细砂,疏松 0.56 m (69)白色、灰白色(WHITE 2.5Y-1/8.5)钙质胶结砂层,顶部钙质层 0.18 m (68)青灰黄色、浅黄褐色(10Y-5G 6/2)细砂,疏松,其中41.27 m处含钙2~3 cm 0.54 m (67)青灰色、绿灰色(GLEY1 6/10Y)细砂,夹黄褐红色(10YR 7/4)细砂,含钙较高,有3~4层钙质层 1.42 m (66)浅灰黄色、淡绿色(5Y 6/3)细砂,含少量粘质成分,其中43.58 m处有一钙质层,底部变灰 0.97 m (65)青灰色、绿灰色(GLEY1 6/10Y)细砂,其中44.1 m处有一钙质层,底部有两薄黏土层 0.51 m (64)灰黄色、淡绿色(10Y-5GY 10Y_6/4)细砂,上部夹一10 cm厚青灰色砂层 0.59 m 7.浅黄与灰色细砂互层 2.70 m (63)黄色、淡绿色(5Y 6/4)(上部偏灰棕)中细砂与灰、灰黑色(GLEY2 5/5B)(下部偏黑)细砂互层。其中,灰色层向下变深、变厚 2.30 m (62)灰色细砂与浅黄色细砂互层,上部接上段灰、灰白色砂,下段浅黄细砂 0.40 m 6.棕灰色细砂 8.17 m (61)灰、暗灰色、浅蓝灰色(GLEY2 7/10 B)中细砂,较纯,在48.21 m和48.69 m处含有钙质层,呈亮灰色 1.84 m (60)灰、棕灰、黄灰、淡黄棕色(10YR 6/4)中细砂,较纯,疏松,夹薄层钙 2.74 m (59)灰黄色、淡黄棕色(2.5Y 6/4)细砂,疏松,纯 1.09 m (58)暗棕灰色、棕色(10YR 4/3)细砂,疏松,纯,其中54.37~54.46 m处含钙高 1.12 m (57)灰黄色、黄褐色(5Y 5/3)细砂,疏松 0.63 m (56)暗灰、棕色(7.5YR 4/4)杂淡棕色细砂,含少量粘质成分,夹灰黄色细砂 0.75 m 5.暗棕灰、灰色、暗灰色粉砂黏土 6.04 m (55)暗棕灰色、灰棕色(10YR 5/2)粘质粉砂,向下粘质含量增加,夹薄层浅棕黏土 2.05 m (54)暗灰棕色(10YR 4/2)砂质黏土与浅棕色黏土互层 1.02 m (53)暗灰色、深蓝灰色(GLEY2 4/5B)粘质粉砂与黏土、粉砂黏土互层,向下颜色加深至灰黑色,粘质含量增加下,底部与黏土粉砂,细粉砂互层 2.97 m 4.黄棕色中细砂 8.30 m (52)浅棕红色、红棕色(5YR 5/3)黏土质粉砂 0.56 m (51)黄棕色(10YR 4/4)细砂、中细砂,疏松,较纯,底部色发暗,并见斜交层理,本段与上段间似有缺失,中下部见黄砂中砂斜层理,下部粘质含量增多,在66.95~67.06 m间有一钙质层 7.74 m ——————平行不整合—————— 3.棕红色黏土 28.31 m (50)棕红色、淡红色(10R 5/4)黏土,块状,无层理,顶部20 cm含钙量较高,成结核状,在70.68 m,71.73~71.81 m处见到钙结核 1.79 m (49)深棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)黏土,块状,底部含钙丝 0.19 m (48)浅棕红色、红棕色(5YR 5/4)钙质黏土,顶部10 cm为钙结核(灰白),之下30 cm基本为钙质层,再下20 cm为钙质黏土 0.46 m (47)棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)黏土;含钙丝,中部较多;下部红色较上部深;其中73.21 m处见钙结核,74.57~74.74 m含小钙结核;75.7~76.53均匀块状,无层理;76.53~77.4 m间红色比上、下部分稍浅;77.4~77.76 m未见钙丝;77.76~78.14 m含钙结核较多,钙丝;在78.43~79.26 m钙结核较多,其中78.43~78.88 m间基本为钙结核 7.57 m (46)白色、浅灰白色(WHITE 10YR-1/ 8/)钙质层,硬度大,向下黏土含量增多 0.63 m (45)棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)黏土,块状,无层理,底部含钙结核 0.99 m (44)浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质黏土,顶部钙质层,下部含黏土增多 0.46 m (43)棕红色、红色(2.5YR 5/6)黏土,含钙丝块状,无层理 0.45 m (42)浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质层,夹少量黏土 0.49 m (41)棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)黏土,块状,无层理,夹黑斑点(植物?铁鋁质?),在84.87~84.95间含钙结核 2.62 m (40)浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质黏土、钙质层 0.27 m (39)棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)黏土,顶部3 cm为钙质层 1.11 m (38)浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质黏土,钙质层 0.64 m (37)棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)黏土,含钙较多,含钙丝和黑斑点 1.15 m (36)浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质黏土、钙质层 0.15 m (35)棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)黏土,含钙丝 0.46 m (34)浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质黏土,钙质层 0.33 m (33)棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)黏土,中部色稍浅,中部含少量小钙结核,块状,无层理,含较多黑斑点,小块(碳质?),下部含钙结核 2.72 m (32)浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质黏土,钙质层 0.51 m (31)棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)棕红色黏土,含较多小黑点,块状,无层理,中部见结核(少),在96.18~96.26 m、94.39~94.47 m、94.94~95.18 m、95.41~95.49 m、95.57 m和95.81 m处见钙结核,底部色较上略深;下部95.87~97.47 m含钙丝和黑斑点 4.25 m (30)浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质黏土,钙结核层,钙结核较多 1.07 m 2.浅灰黄色中粗砂与中细砂层,夹小砾和黏土薄层 13.30 m (29)浅红棕色(2.5YR 6/4)中、细砂,夹浅红棕黏土,钙质含量高 1.70 m (28)淡灰黄色、黄红色(5YR 5/6)中粗砂,夹有小砾石(﹤3cm) 0.09 m (27)灰黄色、红棕色(5YR 5/4)粗砂小砾,疏松,小砾有黑色、绿色等 0.57 m (26)浅灰红色、红色(2.5YR 5/6)粗砂小砾,疏松 0.26 m (25)白色、灰白色(WHITE 7.5YR-1/ 8/)粗砂,这一段不像原生地层 0.11 m (24)浅红色、红黄色(5YR 6/6)砂层,上部为中细砂与粗砂小砾互层,下部为中细砂,顶部钙结核 0.65 m (23)灰黄色、粉红色(7.5YR 7/4)中细砂,夹3层粗砂小砾,102.11 m钙质胶结 1.03 m (22)浅红色、红黄色(5YR 6/6)中粗砂,在103.32 m处为粗砂砾石,最大砾径3.5 cm;底部粗砂小砾 0.61 m (21)浅灰黄色、粉白色(WHITE 7.5YR-/2 8/)粗砂,含小砾 0.22 m (20)灰、灰黑色、青灰色(GLEY2 6/5 PB)中细砂 0.21 m (19)白色、灰白色(WHITE 10YR-/1 8/)粗砂小砾与浅红色、红黄色(5YR 6/6)中细砂互层 1.20 m (18)浅红色、红黄色(5YR 6/6)砂、黏土互层,顶部为钙质层,105.57 m处见结核,向下黏土增多,下部含小结核 0.93 m (17)浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质层和钙质胶结砂层与浅红色、红黄色(5YR 6/6)砂黏土互层 1.17 m (16)浅红棕色(2.5YR 6/4)黏土,砂黏土与浅灰白色、白色(WHITE 10YR-/1 8/)粗砂小砾互层 0.76 m (15)浅红黄色(5YR 6/6)粗砂 0.09 m (14)棕黄色、红棕色(5YR 5/4)粗砂,底部含小砾 0.42 m (13)浅黄棕、浅红色(2.5YR 6/6)黏土,中部含钙结核 0.19 m (12)浅灰棕、灰黄色、红棕色(5YR 5/4)粗砂与浅红棕色(2.5YR 7/4)钙质黏土、钙结核互层,细粒部分层薄 1.29 m (11)浅红棕色(2.5YR 6/4)黏土,底部3 cm为砂 0.28 m (10)浅灰黄色、红棕色(5YR 5/4)中、粗砂,含钙核 0.55 m (9)白色、灰白色(WHITE 2.5YR-/1 8/)粗砂小砾,夹钙结核 0.13 m (8)浅灰黄色、红棕色(5YR 5/4)中粗砂,含少量泥砾 0.56 m (7)白色、灰白色(WHITE 2.5YR-/1 8/)粗砂砾石层,砾径最大5 cm 0.29 m 1.浅红棕色与浅灰绿色黏土互层 6.60 m (6)浅红棕色、红色(2.5YR 5/8)黏土,夹少量钙结核 0.84 m (5)浅棕色黏土(2.5YR 6/4)砂质黏土,夹钙结核,在112.96 m含钙质层,113.67~113.78 m间是一大钙结核 2.81 m (4)浅灰绿色、橄榄色(10Y-5GY 4/10Y)钙质层,钙质黏土 0.45 m (3)淡绿、浅灰绿、浅灰红色(5Y 6/3)黏土,色杂,估计为钻孔混杂,含钙结核 0.20 m (2)浅灰绿色、橄榄色(10Y-5GY 4/10Y)钙质黏土 0.38 m (1)浅棕红色、红色(2.5YR 4/6)黏土与浅灰黄色砂互层(各2层),砂薄,砂中夹灰黑色层; 1.92 m 未见底 郝家窑剖面岩性描述如下: 18.棕黄色粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂、粉砂,质地较均匀 3.50 m ——————平行不整合—————— 17.青灰色杂红褐色黏土,钙质黏土,钙质含量高并发育钙板 1.55 m 16.青灰色夹黄色、褐色黏土与粉砂质黏土互层,上部含细砂。钙质含量高,并发育多层钙质层 4.80 m 15.灰白色细砂、粉砂与黏土质粉砂互层;顶部50 cm为灰白色钙质胶结细砂层,成为较好的标志层 2.70 m 14.灰白色、青灰色、土褐色细砂、粉砂与黏土质粉砂互层;上部有一灰白色钙质胶结细砂层,成为较好的标志层 2.15 m 13.青灰色粉砂、黏土质粉砂与粉砂质黏土互层;中部含中细砂并有一灰白色薄层钙质胶结中砂层 1.70 m 12.红褐色、黄绿色黏土、粉砂、黏土质粉砂与粉砂质黏土互层;含薄层细砂 3.95 m 11.灰白色细砂层,疏松,顶部20 cm为钙质胶结,较硬;底部10 cm含砾石、泥砾和基岩砾层,大者5~10 cm,小者2~3 cm,磨圆好,分选不好 1.95 m 10.棕红色粉砂黏土与浅红褐色、浅青灰色粉砂互层。总体上呈棕红色为主,在顶处5 cm、中部10 cm和底部5 cm处夹较多青灰色粉砂、黏土,该三段外观以青灰、灰绿色为主,在底部钙含量较高,硬度很大 3.10 m 9.青灰色与淡红色粉砂质黏土互层,每层内又由细薄层的青灰、淡红色黏土、粉砂质黏土组成 1.10 m 8.黄(绿)色细砂层,均匀,疏松,下部夹一钙质结核层 1.00 m 7.青灰色、浅红色黏土、粉砂质黏土,夹砂薄层 2.50 m 6.青灰色中细砂层,中部钙质含量高 3.70 m 5.土灰色中细砂,均匀,疏松,底部12 cm为钙质层 0.80 m 4.土灰色、灰黄色、浅红色、灰白色砂层互层,含黏土薄层及钙质层 3.80 m 3.淡红色中细砂,中部以下夹较多青灰黏土短条而显硬 1.80 m 2.浅红色、土棕色、青灰色黏土、粉砂,含中细砂薄层,钙质含量高 1.45 m 1.土灰色、灰黄色、浅红色、灰白色砂层,含黏土薄层及钙质层 5.50 m 未见底 表 1 郝家窑钻孔光释光测年结果
Table 1. OSL results of the Haojiayao section
表 2 郝家窑钻孔ESR测年结果
Table 2. ESR results of the Haojiayao drill hole
表 3 郝家窑钻孔ESR测年结果
Table 3. ESR results of the Haojiayao drill hole
表 4 郝家窑剖面光释光测年结果
Table 4. OSL results of the Haojiayao profile
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