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西部高山峡谷区重大滑坡成生规律及灾变演化机理研究进展

张世殊 胡新丽 章广成 李亚博 刘欣宇 徐庆尧 冉从彦 赵小平

张世殊,胡新丽,章广成,等,2024. 西部高山峡谷区重大滑坡成生规律及灾变演化机理研究进展[J]. 地质力学学报,30(5):795−810 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024031
引用本文: 张世殊,胡新丽,章广成,等,2024. 西部高山峡谷区重大滑坡成生规律及灾变演化机理研究进展[J]. 地质力学学报,30(5):795−810 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024031
ZHANG S S,HU X L,ZHANG G C,et al.,2024. Formation and catastrophic evolution of giant landslides in the alpine canyon area of western China[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,30(5):795−810 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024031
Citation: ZHANG S S,HU X L,ZHANG G C,et al.,2024. Formation and catastrophic evolution of giant landslides in the alpine canyon area of western China[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,30(5):795−810 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024031

西部高山峡谷区重大滑坡成生规律及灾变演化机理研究进展

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024031
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20601)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张世殊(1970—),男,博士,正高级工程师,岩土工程专业,主要从事工程勘察与地灾研究。Email:1992070@chidi.com.cn

  • 中图分类号: P642.22

Formation and catastrophic evolution of giant landslides in the alpine canyon area of western China

Funds: This research is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U22A20601).
More Information
    Author Bio:

    张世殊,正高级工程师,中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司党委副书记、总经理,国际岩石力学与岩石工程学会(ISRM)中国国家小组副主席,四川省岩石力学与工程学会理事长。2023年荣获第十八次李四光地质科学奖野外奖。从事水电工程勘察设计和技术管理工作30余年,为我国水电开发建设事业做出重要贡献:牵头国家某重大工程勘察设计,策划并实施该巨型工程重大科学问题与关键技术的科技攻关,系统构建超2000 m级深部工程定向钻探与随钻探测技术、超深厚河床覆盖层原位取样测试技术;研发高能环境深埋越岭隧TBM高效安全施工与超前地质预报技术,显著促进工程勘测技术水平的重大提升;提出工程岩体力学参数综合取值方法,开创性地利用Ⅲ2类岩体作为300 m级特高拱坝坝基,突破高坝基岩体利用下限,为特高拱坝建基面的科学选定做出贡献;解决滑坡失稳堰塞、高陡危岩体、泥石流、隐蔽型变形体等地质灾害防控难题,为水电工程安全建设与运行提供支撑。获国家发明专利授权50余项;出版技术专著13部,编纂专业辞典2部;发表论文100余篇;起草行业、团体技术标准16项。先后获国务院政府特殊津贴专家、电建集团首席技术专家、四川省工程勘察设计大师,入选成都市重大人才计划“蓉城英才计划”。获国家科技进步二等奖1项、省部级科技进步特等奖等25项科技奖

  • 摘要: 中国西部水电工程大多位于高山峡谷内,复杂的工程地质条件导致峡谷库岸滑坡灾害分布广泛。基于西部高山峡谷水电工程区的工程地质特征,系统分析了地形、地质构造、滑体物质、坡体结构和水文地质条件与滑坡的成生发育关系,并总结了典型滑坡的类型、特征及其灾变演化的力学机制。研究结果表明:西部高山峡谷滑坡以坡度30°~50°、高程超过1000 m、体积超过100×104 m3的滑坡为主;三叠系、奥陶系和志留系为典型的易滑地层;降雨和水库蓄水导致侵蚀基准面抬升、侵蚀范围扩大,库区水位的反复升降导致涉水滑坡体前缘岩土体性质降低。西部高山峡谷区滑坡类型主要分为以牵引式滑坡、推移式滑坡和复合式滑坡为主的堆积层滑坡以及以顺层岩质滑坡、溃屈型岩质滑坡、反倾岩质滑坡和座落式滑坡为主的岩质滑坡,不同类型的滑坡其演化过程不同,滑坡灾变机理也有所差异。研究成果将对西部高山峡谷区的滑坡识别、监测、预警以及防治具有一定的指导意义。

     

  • 图  1  川西高程分布图

    Figure  1.  Elevation distribution of the western Sichuan, China

    图  2  库区77个典型滑坡发育分布图

    Figure  2.  Distribution of 77 typical landslide developments in the reservoir area

    图  3  牵引式滑坡受力分析模型(变量含义见文中)

    Figure  3.  Mechanical model of buckling failure for rock slopes

    图  4  推移式滑坡演化过程示意图

    Figure  4.  Evolutionary process diagram of thrust-type landslide

    图  5  复合式滑坡演化示意图(易志坚,2010

    Figure  5.  Diagram of evolution of complex landslide(Yi,2010

    (a) Unoading bounce-slip-compression strain fracture deformation stage; (b) Step creep, sliding surface through stage (leading edge instability); (c) steep creep, sliding surface through stage (integral trailing edge slide); (d) Landslide classification sliding-river blocking stage

    图  6  复合式滑坡地质力学模型

    Figure  6.  Geomechanical model for complex landslide

    (a) Physical and mechanical model of sliding slope; (b) Mechanics and deformation characteristics of landslide evolution

    图  7  顺层岩质滑坡演化概念模型(Tang et al.,2015

    Figure  7.  Conceptual model of the evolution of consequent bedding rockslides (Tang et al., 2015)

    图  8  顺层岩质滑坡渐进锁固力学模型

    Figure  8.  Progressive locking mechanical model of consequent bedding rockslides

    图  9  典型溃屈型滑坡演化示意图(闫国强等,2022

    Figure  9.  Evolution diagram of typical buckling landslide (Yan et al., 2022)

    (a) Slight flexural uplift ; (b) Strong uplift deformation; (c) Cutting through failure (slipping-fragmentation-dispersing)

    图  10  岩质边坡溃屈破坏力学模型

    Figure  10.  Mechanical model of buckling failure for rock slopes

    图  11  反倾岩质边坡倾覆破坏力学模型(殷坤龙等,2014

    Figure  11.  Mechanical model of counter-tilt rock slopes(Yin et al.,2014

    (a) Mechanical model of flexural slip deformation of superposed cantikver beam; (b) Bending deformation model of independent cantilever beam

    图  12  座落式滑坡演化示意图(据雷清雄,2017

    Figure  12.  Evolution diagram of sliding-falling body landslide(Lei,2017

    表  1  中国西部地区地下水的主要类型

    Table  1.   Main classification of groundwater in the western region

    类别 分布区域 补给方式 排泄方式
    松散沉积物孔隙水 成都平原、断陷盆地、黄土高原 冰雪消融水、降水 河流外泄、蒸发排泄
    基岩裂隙水 天山南麓、鄂尔多斯高原、黔北山地等高山丘陵区 降雨入渗、冰雪消融 泉水、蒸发、向山区河流的泻流
    碳酸盐岩裂隙溶洞水 西南地区 降水、地表径流 泉水、泻流
    冻土冻结水 阿尔泰山区及青藏高原地区
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  滑坡发育流域统计

    Table  2.   Basin statistics of landslide development

    流域岷江雅砻江金沙江大渡河
    滑坡数量2036138
    占比/%26471710
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  滑坡发育高程统计

    Table  3.   Elevation statistics of landslide development

    高程/m 500~1000 1000~2000 >2000
    滑坡数量 14 38 22
    占比/% 19 51 30
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  滑坡发育体积分类统计

    Table  4.   Volume statistics of landslide development

    体积/
    ×104m3
    小型
    (<10)
    中型
    (10~100)
    大型
    (100~1000)
    特大型
    (1000~10000)
    巨型
    (>10000)
    滑坡数量 1 9 23 34 8
    占比/% 1 12 31 45 11
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  滑坡发育岸别统计

    Table  5.   Bank statistics of landslide development

    流域 岷江 雅砻江 金沙江 大渡河
    左岸滑坡数量 11 9 6 5
    右岸滑坡数量 9 27 7 3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  滑坡发育坡度统计

    Table  6.   Slope gradient statistics of landslide development

    坡度/(°)10~2020~3030~4040~5050~60
    滑坡数量1741142
    占比/%11163223
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  滑坡发育坡高统计

    Table  7.   Slope height statistics of landslide development

    坡高/m0~200200~400400~600600~800800~10001000~1200
    滑坡数量1127151425
    占比/%1536201937
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  滑坡发育地层统计

    Table  8.   Stratigraphic unit statistics of landslide development

    地层元古界寒武系奥陶系、志留系泥盆系二叠系三叠系
    滑坡数量22273134
    占比/%33394249
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  滑坡发育岸坡结构统计

    Table  9.   Bank slope structure statistics of landslide development

    岸坡结构顺向坡逆向坡斜向坡
    滑坡数量27221
    占比/%54442
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-04-02
  • 修回日期:  2024-06-14
  • 录用日期:  2024-06-20
  • 预出版日期:  2024-09-26
  • 刊出日期:  2024-10-28

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