Detection of the Late Quaternary activity of the Liaocheng-Lankao Fault in the south-central part of the North China Plain: Discussion on the seismogenic mechanism of the 1937 Heze M 7.0 earthquake
-
摘要: 华北平原是中国人口最多、经济最为发达的地区之一，也是受地震灾害影响最为严重的地区之一。对于该地区断裂活动性和大地震发震机制的研究有利于探索板内地震的发震规律、减轻地震灾害所造成的损失。聊城-兰考断裂是华北平原中南部一条重要的隐伏深大断裂。结合浅层地震勘探、钻孔勘探和第四纪测年方法，对聊城-兰考断裂的活动性进行了精细的研究。坝城寺钻孔揭示聊城-兰考断裂南段错断了全新统底界，为全新世早期活动断裂，揭露出该断裂晚更新世以来造成了4次古地震事件，单次事件的垂直位错为1.2±0.2~3.7±0.2 m。根据钻孔揭示的地层落差计算出该断裂晚更新世早期的平均垂直滑动速率约为0.1±0.05 mm/a，晚更新世晚期—全新世中期的平均滑动速率为0.35±0.04 mm/a。根据1937年菏泽7.0级和6${\raise0.7ex\hbox{$3$} \!\mathord{\left/{\vphantom {3 4}}\right.}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$4$}} $级地震的等震线和地表破裂分布特征认为，小留-解元集断裂和东明-成武断裂为该地震的发震断裂；聊城-兰考断裂对于该地区应力的积累、地震的发生具有很好的控制和约束作用，为区域控震构造。
-
关键词:
- 华北平原 /
- 聊城-兰考断裂 /
- 浅层地震探测剖面 /
- 钻孔联合剖面 /
- 1937年菏泽7.0级地震
Abstract:Objective The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most populated and economically developed areas in China and is a region with a high level of seismic hazards. Studying the Quaternary activity of the faults and the seismogenic mechanism of the large earthquakes in NCP is conducive to exploring the seismogenic pattern of intraplate earthquakes and reducing the damage caused by seismic hazards. The Liaocheng-Lankao fault (LLF) is an important buried deep major fault in the south-central part of the NCP. The activity of the LLF and its relationship with the 1937 Heze M 7.0 earthquake is still highly controversial. Methods In this study, the activity of the Liaocheng-Liaokao fault is finely studied by combining shallow seismic exploration, drilling, and Quaternary dating methods. Results Shallow seismic reflection profile ZF-2 reveals that the strata below 145 m are obviously displaced, and the strata above 145 m are disturbed. The Bachengsi drilling profile reveals 16 sets of marker layers and three west-dipping normal faults Fa, Fb, and Fc; they form a "compound Y" structure in the profile, of which Fa displaces the bottom boundary of the Holocene (burial depth of approximately 38.9 m) and is an early Holocene active fault. It also reveals four paleoseismic events since the Late Pleistocene, with vertical displacement of 1.2±0.2 to 3.7±0.2 m for a single event. Based on the stratigraphic offsets in the boreholes, the average vertical slip rate of this fault is calculated to be about 0.1±0.05 mm/a for the early Late Pleistocene and 0.35±0.04 mm/a for the late Late Pleistocene-middle Holocene. The fitted age-depth curves by the test results of seven 14C samples and four OSL samples can be divided into two segments. Within the depth range of 0 to 86.0 m (approximately 21 to 0 ka), the age and depth of the strata conform to the formula y=(253.69±16.56)x+(924.72±681.36), from which the average deposition rate of this section is calculated to be 3.94±0.26 mm/a. Within the depth range of 102.9 to 145.4 m (approximately 128 to 59 ka), the age and depth of the strata conform to the formula y=(1470.67±259.91)x+(-95061.92±30190.73), from which the average deposition rate of this section is calculated to be 0.68±0.12 mm/a. The vertical slip rate of the LLF and the sedimentation rate of the Dongpu Sag have increased significantly since the late Late Pleistocene. The intensity lines of the Heze M 7.0 earthquake show an asymmetric butterfly shape. Conclusion The 1937 Heze M 7.0 and M 6${\raise0.7ex\hbox{$3$} \!\mathord{\left/{\vphantom {3 4}}\right.}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$4$}} $ earthquakes formed "Z" -shaped ground fissure zones, which can be divided into three sections: the southeastern section (section A), the middle section (section B), and the northwestern section (section C). The long axis of the intensity lines and the distribution of the surface rupture of the 1937 Heze M 7.0 coincide with the NNE-striking Xiaoliu-Xieyuanjie and NWW-striking Dongming-Chengwu faults in location and striking. The analysis of the intensity lines, surface rupture distribution, focal mechanism solution of the 1937 Heze M 7.0 earthquake and M 6${\raise0.7ex\hbox{$3$} \!\mathord{\left/{\vphantom {3 4}}\right.}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$4$}} $ earthquakes, and regional stress implies that the Xiaoliu-Xieyuanji fault and the Dongming-Chengwu fault are the seismogenic faults of the 1937 Heze M 7.0 earthquake. The LLF, as the deep major fault in the region, controlled the accumulation of stress, stimulated the earthquake with its deep movement, and reduced the effect of the seismic energy westward, acting as the regional seismic controlling fault of the 1937 Heze M 7.0 earthquake. Significance This article proposes a method for fine detection of the localization, structure, latest activity age, sliding rate, and paleoseismic sequences of the buried fault and also proposes a pattern of seismicity in which seismogenic faults do not coincide with the regional seismic controlling fault. It provides new insights into the characterization of seismicity within the NCP and can provide the geological basis for urban and rural planning, high-speed railway design, and earthquake prevention and disaster reduction project construction in this region. -
图 1 区域地震构造图
a—华北块体及其邻区地震构造图(地震及断层数据邓起东，2007；黑色箭头为GPS观测的地块运动速率，相对于稳定的西欧和西伯利亚地盾的运动，张培震等，2003)；b—华北平原中南部地震构造图(地震及断层数据邓起东, 2007, 第四系等深线向宏发等，2000)；c—钻孔及物探资料分布位置(深地震反射剖面徐翰，2018)
Figure 1. Regional seismotectonic map
(a) Seismotectonic map of the North China block and its adjacent areas (Fault and seismic data are from Deng, 2007, black arrows are GPS-derived rates of block motion, movements relative to the stable Western European and Siberian shields are modified from Zhang et al., 2003); (b) Seismic map of the south-central part of the North China Plain (Seismic and fault data are modified from Deng et al., 2007, and Quaternary isobaths from Xiang et al., 2000); (c) Distribution of drilling profiles and shallow seismic detection lines (Deep seismic reflection profile from Xu, 2018)
图 2 坝城寺浅层地震反射剖面解译结果与钻孔布设
T1—T6—有效波组；ZK1—ZK4—钻孔；红色线为解译断层F，绿色虚线为扰动同相轴连线L，断层F上断点地表投影位于里程984 m处，L顶端点在地表的投影位于里程1060 m处
a—坝城寺浅层地震反射剖面；b—坝城寺钻孔(ZK1—ZK5)平面分布图Figure 2. Interpretation results of shallow seismic reflection profile and borehole layout at Bachengsi
(a) Interpreted results of shallow seismic reflection profile at Bachengsi; (b) Plan distribution of boreholes at Bachengsi (ZK1-ZK5)
T1-T6 represent effective wave groups; ZK1-ZK4 represent boreholes; The red line represents interpreted Fault F, and the green dashed line represents the disturbed line L. The surface projection of the upper breakpoint on Fault F is located at 984 m. The projection of the top point of L on the surface is located at 1060 m.
图 3 坝城寺钻孔样品地层年龄-深度关系
Figure 3. Diagram showing the relationship between the age and depth of strata samples from the Bachengsi borehole
图 4 坝城寺钻孔联合剖面图
B1—B16为标志层；岩芯柱左侧数字为地层埋深，红色数字为断层的垂直落差
Figure 4. Combined cross-section of boreholes in Bachengsi
B1-B16 represent marker layers, with the depth of the strata indicated on the left side of the core column, and the vertical displacement of the fault is indicated by the red numbers.
图 5 钻孔ZK4中B1—B8标志层的岩芯特征
a—标志层B1；b—标志层B2；c—标志层B3；d—标志层B4；e—标志层B5；f—标志层B6；g—标志层B7；h—标志层B8
Figure 5. Photographs of marker layers B1 to B8 in ZK4
(a) Photograph of marker layer B1; (b)Photograph of marker layer B2; (c)Photograph of marker layer B3; (d)Photograph of marker layer B4; (e)Photograph of marker layer B5; (f)Photograph of marker layer B6; (g)Photograph of marker layer B7; (h)Photograph of marker layer B8
图 6 钻孔ZK4中标志层B9、B10、B13、B15和B16的岩芯特征
a—标志层B9；b—标志层B10；c—标志层B13；d—标志层B15；e—标志层B16
Figure 6. Photographs of marker layer B9, B10, B13, B15 and B16 in BCS-ZK4
(a)Photograph of marker layer B9; (b)Photograph of marker layer B10; (c)Photograph of marker layer B13; (d)Photograph of marker layer B15; (e)Photograph of marker layer B16
图 7 聊城-兰考断裂在坝城寺钻孔中出露特征
a—钻孔ZK5 75.7 m深度处断层Fb出露; b—钻孔ZK3 109.4 m深度处断层Fb出露; c—钻孔ZK4 145.5 m深度处断层Fb出露; d—钻孔ZK5 108.8 m深度处断层Fc出露; e—钻孔ZK3 137.8 m深度处断层Fc出露
Figure 7. The outcrops of the Liaocheng-Lankao fault revealed by the Bachengsi boreholes
(a) ZK5 reveals fault Fb at 75.7 m; (b) ZK3 reveals fault Fb at 109.4 m; (c) ZK4 reveals fault Fb at 145.5 m; (d) ZK5 reveals fault Fc at 108.8 m; (e) ZK3 reveals fault Fc at 137.8 m
图 8 1937年菏泽7.0级和6${\raise0.7ex\hbox{$3$} \!\mathord{\left/{\vphantom {3 4}}\right.}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$4$}} $级地震等震线和地裂缝分布图(烈度线胡长和，1991；地裂缝分布赵宪超，1991)
图中70°~80°为地应力的方位角
Figure 8. Map showing intensity lines and ground fissure distribution of the 1937 Heze M 7.0 and M 6${\raise0.7ex\hbox{$3$} \!\mathord{\left/{\vphantom {3 4}}\right.}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$4$}} $ earthquakes (intensity lines from Hu, 1991; ground fissure distribution from Zhao, 1991)
The direction of the ground stress is indicated by 70°-80° in the figure.
表 1 14C样品测年结果
Table 1. Test results of 14C samples
取样钻孔 埋深/m 年龄/a ZK2 6.0 2750±30 ZK4 16.8 4110±30 ZK4 38.4 12270±40 ZK4 52.0 14500±40 ZK4 69.6 18800±60 ZK5 77.4 19980±70 ZK4 86.0 21150±70 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 光释光(OSL)样品测试结果
Table 2. Test results of OSL samples
取样钻孔 埋深/m U/(μg/g) Th/(μg/g) K/% 环境剂量率(Gy/ka) 等效剂量(Gy) 年龄/ka ZK5 102.9 0.771±0.03 3.68±0.04 2.26±0.02 2.32±0.09 137.11±5.51 59.22±3.37 ZK4 115.4 2.650±0.11 13.10±0.03 1.92±0.02 2.96±0.11 207.12±9.19 69.97±4.08 ZK4 131.8 1.570±0.01 10.30±0.21 2.22±0.01 2.81±0.11 258.33±13.31 92.09±5.91 ZK4 145.4 2.530±0.01 12.00±0.20 1.75±0.02 2.55±0.09 328.40±12.97 128.73±6.84
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 标志层错断位移
Table 3. The displacement information of the mark layers
标志层 岩芯特征 埋深/m Fa位移/m Fb位移/m Fc位移/m 总位移/m B1 灰黑色炭质黏土层 7.2 / / / / B2 砖红色—橘黄色粉细砂层 20.5 / / / / B3 青灰—灰黄色巨厚细砂层的底界面 38.9 1.25±0.20 / / 1.25±0.20 B4 灰黑色炭质黏土层 54.65 1.05±0.20 / / 1.05±0.10 B5 紫红色黏土层 58.35 1.2±0.1 / / 1.2±0.1 B6 灰黑—深灰色炭质黏土层 65.55 1.65±0.10 1.2±0.1 / 2.8±0.2 B8 蓝灰—黄灰色黏土层 73.5 1.5±0.2 / / / B9 灰绿色黏土层 81.5 2.25±0.20 1.2±0.2 / 3.95±0.20 B10 紫红色色黏土层 90.5 2.25±0.20 1.35±0.20 / 4.25±0.20 B13 紫红色含蓝灰色网纹黏土层 105.9 2.0±0.2 1.2±0.2 2.1±0.2 6.2±0.3 B14 灰绿色黏土层 124.5 / / 1.95±0.20 / B15 灰黄色细砂层 132.7 3.7±0.2 3.7±0.2 2.9±0.2 6.6±0.3 B16 紫红色黏土层 141.2 3.4±0.3 3.4±0.3 6.6±0.2 10.0±0.4
下载: 导出CSV
-
CHANG Z F, ZHANG J G, SHEN C Y, et al., 2022. The 2012 Thabeikkjin (Myanmar) M 7.0 earthquake and its surface rupture characteristics[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 28(2): 169-181. (in Chinese with English abstract) CHEN W P, NÁBELEK J, 1988. Seismogenic strike-slip faulting and the development of the North China Basin[J]. Tectonics, 7(5): 975-989. doi: 10.1029/TC007i005p00975 DENG Q D, 2007. Map of active tectonics in China[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press. (in Chinese) GUO H, ZHAO J X, 2019. The surface rupture zone and paleoseismic evidence on the seismogenic fault of the 1976 MS 7.8 Tangshan earthquake, China[J]. Geomorphology, 327: 297-306. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.11.006 GUO Z J, JIANG X E, 1965. Discussion of modern tectonic movements in China using information on earthquake source mechanisms[M]//Chinese Geophysical Society. Proceedings of the 1963 academic conference of the Chinese geophysical society. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese) HA G H, WU Z H, 2021. Discussion of the seismogenic structure of the 1901 M 6${\raise0.7ex\hbox{$3$} \!\mathord{\left/{\vphantom {3 4}}\right.}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$4$}} $ Nyemo earthquake[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 27(2): 218-229. (in Chinese with English abstract) HE L J, 2015. Thermal regime of the North China Craton: implications for craton destruction[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 140: 14-26. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.10.011 HE Z Q, YE T L, DING Z F, et al., 2001. The application of shallow seismic prospecting methods to active fault dectection in cities[J]. Recent Developments in World Seismology(3): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract) HE Z Q, CHEN Y K, YE T L, et al., 2007. Application of shallow seismic exploration in detection of buried fault in coastal areas[J]. Seismology and Geology, 29(2): 363-372. (in Chinese with English abstract) HU C H, 1991. Heze earthquake in 1937[M]. Beijing: Earthquake Press. (in Chinese) HU X P, CUI X F, 2013. Study on earthquake relocation and tectonic stress field in central North China[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 8(4): 351-360. (in Chinese with English abstract) HU X P, ZANG A, HEIDBACH O, et al., 2017. Crustal stress pattern in China and its adjacent areas[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 149: 20-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.07.005 HUANG X X, DING J H, 1990. Anomalous variation of regional geomagnetic field before the Bohai sea earthquake (7.4Ms)[J]. Journal of Seismology(3): 45-52. (in Chinese with English abstract) JIANG W L, ZHANG Y L, HOU Z H, 1994. The discovery of the freshest surface fracture zone in the west mountain of Cixian County of Hebei Province related to the 1830 Cixian earthquake of M7.5[J]. Earthquake Research in China(4): 357-362. (in Chinese with English abstract) JIANG W L, ZHANG Y L, 1996. Characteristics of the WNW trending Nanshancun-Chakou Active Fault in Cixian, Hebei Province and relationship with 1830 Cixian Earthquake[J]. Seismology and Geology, 18(4): 349-357. (in Chinese with English abstract) JIANG W L, 1999. Estimation of right-lateral strike-slip offset of the Xiadian Seismic Fault Zone Produced at the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu M=8 earthquake[J]. Bulletin of the Institute of Crustal Dynamics(1): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract) KANG H L, LIN C S, NIU C M, 2021. Ancient landform of the Dongying formation in the Shadongnan structural zone, western Bohai Sea area and its control on the sedimentation[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 27(1): 19-30. (in Chinese with English abstract) LEI Q Y, CHAI C Z, MENG G K, et al., 2011. Method of locating buried active fault by composite drilling section doubling exploration[J]. Seismology and Geology, 33(1): 45-55. (in Chinese with English abstract) LI J H, 1988. Discussion on the structural background of Heze earthquake[J]. Journal of Seismology(2): 19-23. (in Chinese with English abstract) LI Q, 1987. The August 1, 1937 Shandong Heze earthquake investigation report[J]. China Earthquake Investigation (Volume 1), 105-120. (in Chinese) LI S B, JIA L H, 1940. A summary of the earthquake in Heze, Shandong[J]. Geological Review(5): 431-436. (in Chinese) LI T, WANG Z S, GAO J Y, et al., 2022. Structural style and latest activity analysis of the southern segment of the Lanliao fault[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 17(2): 278-293. (in Chinese with English abstract) LI T Z, WANG G D, 1981. A preliminary analysis of the earthquake-controlling and the earthquake-generating tectonics[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 4(3): 312-317. (in Chinese with English abstract) LIANG K, SUN C B, MA B Q, et al., 2018. Investigation of the Yellow River buried fault in the Wuhai basin, northwestern Ordos Block, China, using deep/shallow seismic reflection and drilling techniques[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 163: 54-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.05.025 LIANG K, HE Z T, JIANG W L, et al., 2022. Surface rupture characteristics of the Menyuan MS6.9 Earthquake on January 8, 2022, Qinghai province[J]. Seismology and Geology, 44(1): 256-278. (in Chinese with English abstract) LIN X D, YUAN H Y, XU P, et al., 2017. Zonational characteristics of Earthquake focal mechanism solutions in North China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 60(12): 4589-4622. (in Chinese with English abstract) LIU B J, CHAI C Z, FENG S Y, et al., 2008. Seismic exploration method for buried fault and its up-breakpoint in Quaternary sediment area-An example of Yinchuan buried active fault[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 51(5): 1475-1483. (in Chinese with English abstract) LIU W Q, 1983. On a possible barrier along the rupture direction of the M=7.2 Xingtai earthquake of 1966[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 5(1): 116-125. (in Chinese with English abstract) MA X Y, WU D N, 1987. Cenozoic extensional tectonics in China[J]. Tectonophysics, 133(3-4): 243-255. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90268-X MAO C W, DING R, GONG Z, et al., 2010. GPS survey of the surface fault scarp of 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu M8 earthquake[J]. Bulletin of the Institute of Crustal Dynamics(1): 11-18. (in Chinese with English abstract) MIAO Q J, ZHOU C Y, MA Y X, et al., 2010. A review of researches on 1969 Bohai Mb7.4 earthquake[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences, 28(1): 8-15. (in Chinese with English abstract) NÁBĚLEK J L, CHEN W P, YE H, 1987. The Tangshan Earthquake Sequence and its implications for the evolution of the North China Basin[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 92(B12): 12615-12628. doi: 10.1029/JB092iB12p12615 RAN Y K, DENG Q D, YANG X P, et al., 1997. Paleoearthquakes and recurrence interval on the seismogenic fault of 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu M 8 earthquake, Hebei and Beijing[J]. Seismology and Geology, 19(3): 193-201. (in Chinese with English abstract) SHEDLOCK K M, BARANOWSKI J, XIAO W W, et al., 1987. The Tangshan aftershock sequence[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 92(B3): 2791-2803. doi: 10.1029/JB092iB03p02791 SONG H Z, YUAN Y G, HUANG L R, et al., 1988. Analysis on the 1976 Tangshan earthquake process[J]. Seismology and Geology, 10(4): 98-108. (in Chinese with English abstract) WANG H L, GENG J, 1995. Study on the seismogenesis of Heze earthquake MS=7.0 in 1937[J]. Plateau Earthquake Research, 7(3): 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract) WANG R T, ZHAO X C, BI G X, 1994. Tracing research on geofractures due to the Heze earthquake in 1937[J]. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 16(4): 70-75. (in Chinese with English abstract) WEI G X, 1980. A discussion on the source fault plane of Bohai sea earthquake with M=7.4[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2(3): 64. (in Chinese) WEI G X, ZHOU C Y, XU K F, 1985. The 1983 Heze earthquake of magnitude 5.9[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 7(1): 118-123. (in Chinese with English abstract) WU F Y, LIN J Q, WILDE S A, et al., 2005. Nature and significance of the early Cretaceous giant igneous event in eastern China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 233(1-2): 103-119. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.019 XIANG H F, WANG X C, GUO S M, et al., 2000. Integrated survey and investigation on the quaternary activity of the Liaocheng-Lankao buried fault[J]. Seismology and Geology, 22(4): 351-359. (in Chinese with English abstract) XIE Y M, HAN H P, JU Y, et al., 2006. The seismogenic background of Xingtai M7.2 earthquake[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences, 24(2): 55-57. (in Chinese with English abstract) XU H, 2018. Numerical simulation and structural analysis on the formation and evolution of the Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing). (in Chinese with English abstract) XU J, FANG Z J, YANG L H, 1988. Tectonic background and causative fault of 1966 Xingtai Ms7.2 earthquake[J]. Seismology and Geology, 10(4): 51-59. (in Chinese with English abstract) XU J, GAO Z W, SUN J B, et al., 2001. Analysis of structures in 1969 Bohai Sea MS 7.4 earthquake area and discussion about the causative structure[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 17(2): 121-133. (in Chinese with English abstract) YE H, SHEDLOCK K M, HELLINGER S J, et al., 1985. The north China basin: an example of a Cenozoic rifted intraplate basin[J]. Tectonics, 4(2): 153-169. doi: 10.1029/TC004i002p00153 YIN X F, ZHANG G M, SHAO Z G, et al., 2020. Research on activity characteristics of strong earthquakes in North China[J]. Earthquake, 40(1): 11-33. (in Chinese with English abstract) YU P, YANG D, YANG B J, 2003. The basic character of geophysical field and the tectonic significance of Liaocheng-Lankao fault in Northern China platform[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 33(1): 106-110. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHANG H Z, DIAO G L, CHEN Q F, et al., 2008. Focal mechanism analysis of the recent earthquakes in Tangshan seismic region of M7. 6 in 1976[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 31(1): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHANG J W, ZHAO Q S, GUO X Y, et al., 2010. The Liaocheng-Lankao fault and its mercury and radon anomalies[J]. Geology in China, 37(5): 1419-1425. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHANG L, XIE X S, GUO H, 2020. Study of the activity since Late Pleistocene of west section of Cixian-Daming Faults Zone[J]. Earthquake, 40(3): 83-98. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHANG P Z, DENG Q D, ZHANG G M, et al., 2003. Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the continent of China[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 46(2): 13-24. ZHANG S M, WANG D D, LIU X D, et al., 2007. Sequence stratigraphy study of late quaternary activities of Nankou-Sunhe fault in its northern segment, Beijing[J]. Seismology and Geology, 29(4): 729-743. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHAO X C, HUANG B Q, 1981. The 1937 Heze M7 earthquake[J]. Earthquake(6): 28-30, 30. (in Chinese) ZHAO X C, XU K F, 1984. Macroscopic precursor of the 1937 Heze M7.0 earthquake[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences, 2(3): 49-52. (in Chinese) ZHAO X C, 1991. Fissures and its characteristics of Heze earthquake M 7.0 in 1937[J]. Crustal Deformation and Earthquake, 11(1): 93-96. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHAO X J, LIU X D, HOU J J, 1997. A dynamic model of 1996 Xingtai MS 7.2 earthquake[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences, 15(3): 9-17. (in Chinese) ZHU R X, CHEN L, WU F Y, et al., 2011. Timing, scale and mechanism of the destruction of the North China Craton[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 54(6): 789-797. doi: 10.1007/s11430-011-4203-4 ZUO Z R, WU J P, WU Z L, 1995. Foreshock sequence analysis of the Xingtai MS 7.2 earthquake in 1966[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences, 13(2): 7-15. (in Chinese with English abstract) 常祖峰, 张建国, 申重阳, 等, 2022. 2012年缅甸德贝金M 7.0地震及其地表破裂特征[J]. 地质力学学报, 28(2): 169-181. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021161 邓起东, 2007. 中国活动构造图[M]. 北京: 地震出版社. 郭增建, 姜秀娥, 1965. 用震源机制资料讨论中国境内的现代构造运动[M]//中国地球物理学会. 中国地球物理学会1963年学术会议论文集. 北京: 科学出版社. 哈广浩, 吴中海, 2021. 西藏尼木1901年M 6${\raise0.7ex\hbox{$3$} \!\mathord{\left/{\vphantom {3 4}}\right.}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$4$}} $地震的发震构造探讨[J]. 地质力学学报, 27(2): 218-229. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX202302009.htm 何正勤, 叶太兰, 丁志峰, 等, 2001. 城市活断层探测中的浅层地震勘探方法[J]. 国际地震动态(3): 1-6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GJZT200103000.htm 何正勤, 陈宇坤, 叶太兰, 等, 2007. 浅层地震勘探在沿海地区隐伏断层探测中的应用[J]. 地震地质, 29(2): 363-372. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ200702013.htm 胡长和, 1991. 1937年菏泽地震[M]. 北京: 地震出版社. 胡幸平, 崔效锋, 2013. 华北地区中部地震精定位与构造应力场研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 8(4): 351-360. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZZFY201304002.htm 黄雪香, 丁鉴海, 1990. 渤海7.4级地震前区域地磁场的异常变化[J]. 地震学刊(3): 45-52. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXK199003010.htm 江娃利, 张英礼, 侯志华, 1994. 河北磁县西部山区最新地表破裂带的发现与1830年磁县7.5级地震的关系[J]. 中国地震(4): 357-362. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZD404.005.htm 江娃利, 张英礼, 1996. 河北磁县北西西向南山村－岔口活动断裂带活动特征与1830年磁县地震[J]. 地震地质, 18(4): 349-357. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ604.008.htm 江娃利, 1999. 1679年三河-平谷8级地震夏垫地震破裂带右旋走滑位移量计算[J]. 地壳构造与地壳应力文集(1): 1-6. 康海亮, 林畅松, 牛成民, 2021. 渤海西部沙东南构造带东营组古地貌特征及对沉积的控制作用[J]. 地质力学学报, 27(1): 19-30. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.003 雷启云, 柴炽章, 孟广魁, 等. 2011. 隐伏活断层钻孔联合剖面对折定位方法[J]. 地震地质, 33(1): 45-55. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ201101007.htm 李建华, 1988. 1937年菏泽7级地震地质构造背景的讨论[J]. 地震学刊(2): 19-23. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXK198802003.htm 李群, 1987. 1937年8月1日山东菏泽地震调查报告[J]. 中国地震考察报告(第一卷), 105-120. 李善邦, 賈連亨, 1940. 山東菏澤地震述要[J]. 地质论评(5): 431-436. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP194005007.htm 李涛, 王志铄, 高家乙, 等, 2022. 兰聊断裂南段构造样式与最新活动性分析[J]. 震灾防御技术, 17(2): 278-293. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZZFY202202009.htm 李天祒, 王光弟, 1981. 浅析控震构造与发震构造[J]. 地震研究, 4(3): 312-317. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZYJ198103007.htm 梁宽, 何仲太, 姜文亮, 等, 2022. 2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震的同震地表破裂特征[J]. 地震地质, 44(1): 256-278. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ202201016.htm 林向东, 袁怀玉, 徐平, 等, 2017. 华北地区地震震源机制分区特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 60(12): 4589-4622. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201712006.htm 刘保金, 柴炽章, 酆少英, 等, 2008. 第四纪沉积区断层及其上断点探测的地震方法技术: 以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J]. 地球物理学报, 51(5): 1475-1483. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200805022.htm 刘万琴, 1983. 1966年邢台地区7.2级地震前地震破裂方向上的可能障碍物[J]. 地震学报, 5(1): 116-125. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXB198301012.htm 毛昌伟, 丁锐, 龚正, 等, 2010. 1679年三河-平谷8级地震地表断层陡坎的GPS测量[J]. 地壳构造与地壳应力文集(1): 11-18. 苗庆杰, 周翠英, 马玉香, 等, 2010. 1969年渤海7.4级地震研究述评[J]. 华北地震科学, 28(1): 8-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HDKD201001001.htm 冉勇康, 邓起东, 杨晓平, 等, 1997. 1679年三河-平谷8级地震发震断层的古地震及其重复间隔[J]. 地震地质, 19(3): 193-201. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ703.000.htm 宋惠珍, 袁岩光, 黄立人, 等, 1988. 1976年唐山7.8级地震震源过程的研究[J]. 地震地质, 10(4): 98-108. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ198804012.htm 王华林, 耿杰, 1995. 关于1937年菏泽7级地震成因的探讨[J]. 高原地震, 7(3): 1-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYDZ503.000.htm 王瑞田, 赵宪超, 毕桂香, 1994. 1937年菏泽地震地裂缝追踪研究[J]. 地震工程学报, 16(4): 70-75. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ404.010.htm 魏光兴, 1980. 关于渤海7.4级地震震源断层面的讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2(3): 64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ198003010.htm 向宏发, 王学潮, 虢顺民, 等, 2000. 聊城-兰考隐伏断裂第四纪活动性的综合探测研究[J]. 地震地质, 22(4): 351-359. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ200004002.htm 解用明, 韩和平, 鞠永, 等, 2006. 邢台7.2级地震的发震背景特征[J]. 华北地震科学, 24(2): 55-57. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HDKD200602008.htm 徐翰, 2018. 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷形成与演化的数值模拟与构造分析[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京). 徐杰, 方仲景, 杨理华, 1988. 1966年邢台7.2级地震的构造背景和发震构造[J]. 地震地质, 10(4): 51-59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ198804007.htm 徐杰, 高战武, 孙建宝, 等, 2001. 1969年渤海7.4级地震区地质构造和发震构造的初步研究[J]. 中国地震, 17(2): 121-133. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZD200102002.htm 尹晓菲, 张国民, 邵志刚, 等, 2020. 华北地区强震活动特点研究[J]. 地震, 40(1): 11-33. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZN202001002.htm 于平, 杨冬, 杨宝俊, 2003. 华北地台聊城—兰考断裂地球物理场基本特征及其构造意义[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 33(1): 106-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ200301023.htm 张建伟, 赵全升, 郭秀岩, 等. 2010. 聊城—兰考断裂及其土壤汞、氡气异常[J]. 中国地质, 37(5): 1419-1425. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201005021.htm 张路, 谢新生, 郭慧, 2020. 磁县—大名断裂带西段晚更新世以来活动性研究[J]. 地震, 40(3): 83-98. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZN202003007.htm 张培震, 邓起东, 张国民, 等, 2003. 中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 33(S): 12-20. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK200407000.htm 张世民, 王丹丹, 刘旭东, 等, 2007. 北京南口-孙河断裂带北段晚第四纪活动的层序地层学研究[J]. 地震地质, 29(4): 729-743. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ200704003.htm 赵希俊, 刘锡大, 侯建军, 1997. 1966年邢台7.2级地震的动力学模型[J]. 华北地震科学, 15(3): 9-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HDKD199703001.htm 赵宪超, 黄保起, 1981. 1937年菏泽7级地震[J]. 地震(6): 28-30, 30. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZN198106012.htm 赵宪超, 许坤福, 1984. 一九三七年菏泽7.0级地震的宏观前兆[J]. 华北地震科学, 2(3): 49-52. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HDKD198403007.htm 赵宪超, 1991. 1937年菏泽7.0级地震的地裂缝特征[J]. 地壳形变与地震, 11(1): 93-96. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB199101012.htm 朱日祥, 陈凌, 吴福元, 等, 2011. 华北克拉通破坏的时间、范围与机制[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 41(5): 583-592. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK201105001.htm 左兆荣, 吴建平, 巫志玲, 1995. 1966年邢台MS 7.2级地震的前震序列分析[J]. 华北地震科学, 13(2): 7-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HDKD502.001.htm -
下载:
图(9) / 表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 600
- HTML全文浏览量: 96
- PDF下载量: 69
- 被引次数: 0
