Study on borehole provenance tracing and fluvial sediment diffusion in the Bohai Sea: Double constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb age and in-situ geochemical element of apatite grains
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摘要: 锆石和磷灰石是河流沉积物中常见的副矿物，由于各自的U-Pb年龄组成和原位地球化学元素组成在不同区域内存在显著差异，是进行河流物源示踪研究的理想矿物。基于此，利用在环渤海湾盆地主要汇入河流已发表的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄，结合盆地晚第四纪钻孔的近地表碎屑物质的锆石U-Pb年龄，综合Kolmogorov-Smirnov统计方法的多维判别图（MDS），系统对比分析了辽东湾、渤海中央盆地和莱州湾的物质来源。结果显示，辽东湾的物质主要来自辽河；渤海中央盆地和莱州湾的碎屑物质主要来自黄河。同时，利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS），对黄河下游（n=70）、胶东半岛的威海湾（n=120）、银滩湾（n=60）的现代河流沉积物和海岸砂开展了碎屑磷灰石微区原位（in situ）主微量元素分析。结果发现黄河与威海湾、银滩湾的碎屑物质不存在物源关系，结合该区域碎屑钾长石原位主微量元素的已有分析结果，进一步说明黄河与胶东半岛的海湾内的碎屑物质不存在物源关系。新的研究结果表明，将碎屑锆石、磷灰石原位地球化学分析相结合有助于更精准地判定河流的物源关系。Abstract: Bohai Bay Basin, located in the North China Craton, are surrounded by the Yanshan Mountains to the north, the Taihang Mountains to the west, the Jiaodong and Liaodong peninsulas to the south and east, respectively. The Yellow River, combined with the Liaohe, Luanhe and Haihe rivers, produces a huge amount of detrital sediments to the Bohai Bay Basin each year. However, it has not been clear whether the sediments have been transported to the Bohai Sea and the gulf of Jiaodong Peninsula. In addition, there is no definite result suggesting that these sediments are related to the provenance in the gulf of Jiaodong Peninsula. Zircon and apatite are common accessory minerals in the river sediments. The zircon U-Pb age and the in-situ geochemical data of apatite grains show significant differences in different regions, making them the ideal minerals for the provenance study. In this case, we used the published detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the major inflow rivers of the Bohai Bay Basin, combining with the drilling cores zircon U-Pb ages and integrating with the multi-dimensional identification (MDS) of kolmogorov-smirnov statistical method, to systematically identify the potential source areas in the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Central Basin and Laizhou Bay. The results show that the detrital sediments in the Liaodong Bay mainly came from the Liaohe River, while that in the Bohai Central Basin and Laizhou Bay from the Yellow River. The Yellow River plays a major role in the material composition of the central and western parts of the Bohai Sea. At the same time, we carried out the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on the detrital apatite grains from the lower reaches of the Yellow River (n=70), and the Weihai Bay (n=120) and Yintan Bay (n=60) from the Jiaodong Peninsula. The results show that there is no provenance relationship between them. Combined with the in-situ geochemical analysis results of detrital K-feldspar in this area, it further indicates that there is no provenance relationship between the Yellow River and the gulf of Jiaodong Peninsula. Therefore, the combination of in-situ geochemical analysis of detrital zircon and apatite helps to accurately determine the provenance relationship.
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Key words:
- Bohai Sea /
- Jiaodong Peninsula /
- zircon /
- U-Pb ages /
- apatite /
- provenance
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图 1 渤海湾盆地地理位置图
1—9河流碎屑锆石(Nie et al., 2015; 林旭等, 2020a)；①—③碎屑钾长石(林旭等, 2020a)；A—D碎屑磷灰石(此次研究)；CK3—渤海湾钻孔(Xiao et al., 2020)，JY268—辽东湾钻孔(Huang et al., 2020)，T80、S1—渤海中央盆地钻孔(李孟芸, 2017; Huang et al., 2020)，T87—莱州湾钻孔(Huang et al., 2020)
Figure 1. Geographical location map of the Bohai Bay Basin.
Fluvial detrital zircon data 1-8 were quoted from Lin et al., 2020a, data 9 from Nie et al., 2015. ①-③ represent the in-situ geochemical analysis of detrital K-feldspar (Lin et al., 2020a); A-D represent the study of in-situ geochemistry of detrital apatite (in this study); Figures CK3, JY268, T80, S1 and T87 represent the boreholes located in the Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay, Bohai Central Basin and Laizhou Bay, respectively (Li, 2017; Huang et al., 2020; Xiao et al., 2020)
图 3 胶东半岛地质简图(据中国1∶250万地质图修改，2004)
Figure 3. Geological sketch map of the Jiaodong Peninsula, modified after the China 1∶250, 000 geological map (China Geological Survey, 2004)
图 4 磷灰石背散射图像(圆圈为样品分析点)
Figure 4. Representative back scattering images of detrital apatite grains from the Yellow River(a), Liugong Island(b), Weihai Bay (c) and Yintan Bay(d). Circles indicate analytical spots for major and trace elements dating.
图 5 磷灰石主、微量元素含量二维散点图
a—CaO和P2O5；b—SiO2和P2O5；c—Y和Ce；d—Sm和Nd；e—Sr/Y和∑REE；f—Ce/Yb和∑REE
Figure 5. Two-dimensional scatter plots for the contents of CaO and P2O5(a), SiO2 and P2O5(b), Y and Ce(c), Sm and Nd(d), Sr/Y and ∑REE(e), Ce/Yb and ∑REE(f) in apatites
图 6 碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄概率分布图
a—辽河、b—滦河、c—海河(林旭等, 2020a)；d—黄河(Nie et al., 2015)；e—辽东湾钻孔(Huang et al., 2020)；f—胶东半岛基岩(Zhao et al., 2018)；g—胶东半岛碎屑(林旭等, 2020a)；h—中新世中央盆地钻孔(李孟芸, 2017)；i—晚第四纪中央盆地钻孔；j—莱州湾钻孔(Huang et al., 2020)
Figure 6. Probability distribution of U-Pb ages of detrital zircons.
(a-c) The Liaohe River, Luanhe River and Haihe River (Lin et al., 2020a). (d)The Yellow River (Nie et al., 2015). (f, g) Bedrock and detrital from the Jiaodong Peninsula (Zhao et al., 2018; Lin et al., 2020a). (h) A Miocene borehole in the Bohai Central Basin. (e, i, j) boreholes in the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Central Basin and Laizhou Bay (Huang et al., 2020)
图 7 锆石U-Pb年龄之间的K-S统计距离多维判别图(MDS)
Figure 7. MDS plot showing the K-S distances between the zircon U-Pb ages
表 1 磷灰石LA-ICP-MS数据统计表
Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the LA-ICP-MS data for apatite grains
黄河(n=70) 刘公岛(n=60) 威海(n=60) 银滩(n=60) 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 SiO2/×10-2 0.2 1.0 0.37 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2 P2O5/×10-2 41.1 43.3 42.5 42.5 44.2 43.4 42.8 45.8 44.4 43.2 45.1 44.0 CaO/×10-2 39.2 57.1 56.0 55.2 56.9 56.0 53.8 56.3 55.0 54.4 56.1 55.4 Sr/×10-6 95.0 5526.0 717.0 104.0 5446.0 451.0 108.0 5466.0 578.0 180.0 1163.0 536.0 Y/×10-6 27.0 2876.0 632.0 12.0 2576.0 555.0 19.0 1766.0 292.0 9.8 1484.0 250.7 Ce/×10-6 13.0 7593.0 1502.0 24.0 1799.0 237.0 17.0 2427.0 300.0 0.5 220.0 41.0 Yb/×10-6 1.2 247.0 41.0 1.0 297.0 42.0 1.3 130.0 21.7 0.1 138.0 23.6 Sm/×10-6 11.0 822.0 200.0 4.0 339.0 64.5 3.0 302.0 53.0 0.3 99.0 20.0 Nd/×10-6 21.0 3657.0 973.0 18.0 1225.0 203.0 13.0 1638.0 235.0 0.7 222.0 48.0 ∑REE/×10-6 117.0 10995.0 3015.0 87.9 4295.0 708.0 99.5 5687.0 792.0 4.5 875.0 175.0 
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