Provenance study on geochemical elements of detrital K-feldspar in Quaternary gravel layer in Yichang and its geological significance
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摘要: 位于长江三峡出口的宜昌地区分布着一套第四纪砂砾石层，详细记录了区域内古环境变迁以及长江的形成与演化，但这些砾石层何时与长江上游物质建立物源关系一直存在较大争议。而钾长石是河流沉积物中常见的矿物，其地球化学元素组成在不同区域内存在显著差异，是进行河流物源对比研究的理想矿物。基于此，利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）对宜昌第四纪砾石层和宜昌以上长江流域开展碎屑钾长石原位主微量元素和主成分（PCA）分析，结合砾石层已发表的地层沉积年龄，综合区域内已发表的研究结果，系统对比分析宜昌砾石层与长江上游物质建立物源联系的时间，结果表明在1.15 Ma时宜昌砾石层和长江流域存在物源关系；在0.75 Ma时随着长江上游水系的拓展与调整，有新物源区的物质进入长江。这些物源变化现象，主要体现了1.2~0.7 Ma期间长江流域受东亚和南亚夏季风的气候影响出现的沉积过程。Abstract: The Yichang area located at the exit of the Three Gorges is covered with a set of thick Quaternary gravel layers, recording the evolution of the paleoenvironment and the formation of the Yangtze River. However, there has been a great dispute over the time when the Yangtze River materials in the upper reaches entered the western margin of the Jianghan Basin. K-feldspar is a common mineral in fluvial sediments, and its geochemical element compositions are significantly different in different regions, making it an ideal mineral for the fluvial provenance study. In this case, we utilized the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to analyze the elementary compositions of detrital K-feldspar grains (n=340) on the gravel layers of the Yichang area and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In combination of principal component analysis (PCA) with formation sedimentary ages of gravel layers, we discussed the time when they established the provenance connection. The results show that the provenance connection has been established since 1.15 Ma and a new provenance area appeared at 0.75 Ma, suggesting that the Yangtze River drainage was strongly influenced by the East and South Asian summer monsoon during the period of 1.2~0.7 Ma.
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Key words:
- gravel layer in Yichang /
- K-feldspar /
- element characteristics /
- provenance tracing /
- Yangtze River
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图 1 研究区位置图
a—江汉盆地和采样位置分布图; b—宜昌砾石层主要研究地点位置图; c—李家院子和机场路柱状剖面图(据康春国等, 2014修改; 地层年龄引用自Xiang et al., 2020和Wei et al., 2020)
Figure 1. Location map of the study area
(a) Distribution diagram of the Jianghan Basin and the sampling location; (b) Location map of the main study site in the gravel layers in Yichang; (c) Columnar profile of Lijiayuanzi and Jichang Road (modified after Kang et al., 2014; Stratigraphic ages were cited from Xiang et al., 2020 and Wei et al., 2020)
图 2 钾长石背散射图像(圆圈为样品分析点)
Figure 2. Representative and backscatter images of K-feldspar grains (Circles indicate analytical spots for major and trace elements dating)
图 3 钾长石元素组成二维散点图
a— Na2O和K2O; b—SiO2和K2O; c—CaO和P2O5; d—B和Li; e—Sc和Sn; f—Zn和Sc含量二维散点图
Figure 3. Two-dimensional scatter plots of K-feldspar
(a)Na2O and K2O; (b)SiO2 and K2O; (c)CaO and P2O5; (d)B and Li; (e)Sc and Sn; (f)Zn and Sc
图 4 宜昌砾石层和长江上游碎屑钾长石主、微量元素主成分判别图
Figure 4. Principal and trace component determination diagram of detrital K-feldspar in gravel layers in Yichang and the main tributaries of the upper Yangtze River
图 5 江汉盆地和长江三角洲第四纪钻孔地球化学指标与南海、黄土高原和塔里木盆地气候变化指标综合对比图(江汉盆地数据参考张玉芬等, 2008; 康春国等, 2009; 袁胜元等, 2012; 长江三角洲数据参考黎兵等, 2011; 南海气候指标引自Wan et al., 2007; 黄土高原气候指标引自Meng et al., 2018; 塔里木盆地气候指标引自Liu et al., 2020)
Figure 5. A comprehensive comparison map of the Quaternary borehole geochemical index of the Jianghan Basin(Zhang et al., 2008; Kang et al., 2009; Yuan et al., 2012) and Yangtze River Delta(Li et al., 2011) with the climate change index of South China Sea(Wan et al., 2007), Loess Plateau(Meng et al., 2018) and Tarim Basin(Liu et al., 2020)
表 1 宜昌砾石层和长江上游碎屑钾长石LA-ICP-MS数据统计表
Table 1. Descriptive statistics of LA-ICP-MS data for K-feldspar grains from the fluvial sands from gravel layers in Yichang and upper reaches of the Yangtze River
元素名称(单位) 金沙江(n=50) 岷江(n=50) 嘉陵江(n=50) 长江(n=50) 机场路(n=70) 李家院子(n=70) 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 K2O(×10-2) 10.6 16.9 14.8 10.1 16.6 14.4 12.7 17.9 14.9 10.1 16.3 14.7 10.5 16.1 14.3 10.1 16.3 14.6 Na2O(×10-2) 0.1 4.0 1.1 0.2 4.5 1.4 0.1 2.5 1.0 0.2 4.4 1.0 0.2 3.5 1.1 0.1 4.3 1.0 SiO2(×10-2) 63.6 65.7 64.4 62.9 65.8 64.2 61.6 65.0 64.0 62.8 65.6 64.1 63.0 65.5 64.3 63.1 65.7 64.0 CaO(×10-2) 0.01 0.4 0.1 0.01 0.5 0.09 0.02 0.4 0.1 0.01 0.4 0.1 0.01 1.0 0.23 0.01 0.6 0.1 P2O5(×10-2) 0.04 0.2 0.06 0.05 0.1 0.06 0.05 0.3 0.07 0.05 0.2 0.07 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.2 0.07 B(×10-6) 7.0 43.7 16.0 7.2 63.2 15.1 4.5 39.1 13.0 5.5 29.2 10.8 12.3 47.9 22.9 2.8 19.2 12.3 Li(×10-6) 0.0 40.2 2.7 0.0 41.5 6.2 0.0 18.2 3.0 0.0 40.8 3.1 0.0 17.7 2.0 0.0 51.7 3.2 Sc(×10-6) 0.9 3.6 1.5 1.3 3.1 1.7 1.0 2.2 1.6 1.1 2.1 1.5 1.9 4.5 2.7 1.2 4.0 1.8 Sn(×10-6) 0.3 8.5 3.0 2.3 6.3 4.3 1.2 10.4 3.9 2.0 9.8 3.8 2.9 20.6 5.2 2.4 9.6 4.4 Zn(×10-6) 0 54.9 2.9 0 13.2 1.2 0 5.9 1.0 0 9.5 1.1 0 6.1 1.4 0 23.9 1.4 
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