Ancient cratonic nuclei in East Antarctica: Research status, problems and prospects
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摘要: 东南极地盾(克拉通)中的太古宙陆核主要分布在面向印度洋扇区的内皮尔山、南查尔斯王子山、赖于尔群岛和西福尔丘陵，在面向澳大利亚、非洲和太平洋扇区只零星出露。这些古陆核被早元古代—早古生代(泛非期)造山带所分割，它们具有不同的早期演化历史和后期改造过程，并且产于不同扇区的陆核与相邻冈瓦纳陆块具有密切的亲缘关系。对东南极古陆核开展系统的冰上和冰下地质调查以及岩石地球化学综合研究，查明太古宙岩石(物质)的时空分布、岩石成因、源区性质、构造属性及其变质改造历史，进而构建东南极古大陆从初始成核到最终聚陆的历史框架，这将弥补地球早期演化研究领域的南极短板，同时也必将促进地球早期演化研究领域的发展。Abstract: The Archean cratonic nuclei in the East Antarctic Shield (Craton) occur mainly in the Napier Mountains, southern Prince Charles Mountains, Rauer Group and Vestfold Hills in the Indian Ocean sector, and are sporadically exposed in the Australian, African and Pacific sectors. These ancient nuclei with diverse earlier crustal histories and later reworking processes are separated by the Paleoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic (Pan-African-aged) orogens. The nuclei in different sectors have a close affinity with the adjacent Gondwana continental blocks. Integrated bedrock and subglacial geological investigations and petrological and chemical studies will ascertain the temporal and spatial distributions, petrogenesis, source regions, tectonic affinities and multiple metamorphic records of the Archean rocks (materials) in East Antarctica.This can help to reveal the major history from nucleation to assembly of the East Antarctica continent, and thus to contribute to a better understanding of the early history of the Earth from an Antarctic perspective.
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Key words:
- Archean cratonic nuclei /
- diversity /
- affinity /
- East Antarctcia /
- Gondwana
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图 1 东南极与冈瓦纳相邻陆块在~500 Ma的重建简图(据Harley et al., 2013修改)
AF—奥尔巴尼-弗雷泽造山带；AM—阿蒙森省；AP—南极半岛；BH—邦杰丘陵；BK—本德尔坎德克拉通；BS—巴斯塔克拉通；CB—Coompana地块；CD—中毛德王后地；CG—刚果克拉通；CH—查塔姆隆起；CITZ—中印度构造带；CK—霍马-卡洛莫地块；CL—科茨地；CM—坎贝尔高原；CP—凯普褶皱带；CPR—Capricorn造山带；DG—登曼冰川；DM—达马拉造山带；DO—Delamerian造山带；DW—达尔瓦尔克拉通；EG—东高止带；EWM—埃尔斯沃斯-惠特莫尔地块；FM—福克兰-马尔维纳斯高原；G—格吕讷霍格纳克拉通；GM—格罗夫山；GSM—甘布尔采夫冰下山脉；GW—高勒尔克拉通；IR—伊鲁米德造山带；KH—卡拉哈里克拉通；KB—基巴尔安造山带；LB—卢里奥带；LF—卢弗里安弧；LH—吕措-霍尔姆湾；LC—拉克兰造山带；MD—马达加斯加；MR—米勒岭；MZ—莫桑比克造山带；N—内皮尔杂岩；NA—北澳大利亚克拉通；NE—新西兰造山带；NH—北安普顿杂岩；NN—纳马夸-纳塔尔造山带；NPC—北查尔斯王子山；NV—北维多利亚地地体；NZ—新西兰；PAT—巴塔哥尼亚；PB—普里兹湾；PJ—平贾拉造山带；PL—皮尔巴拉克拉通；PM—皮特曼造山带；PT—帕特森造山带；RG—赖于尔群岛；RO—罗斯造山带；RS—罗斯省；RY—雷纳杂岩；SG—南部麻粒岩地体；SI—辛格布姆克拉通；SK—沙克尔顿岭；SP—南极点；SPC—南查尔斯王子山；SR—南龙达讷山；STR—南塔斯曼隆起；T—塔斯马尼亚；TA—阿黛利地；TH—汤姆森造山带；TIB—瑟斯顿岛地块；TZ—坦桑尼亚克拉通；VH—西福尔丘陵；VSH—东方冰下高地；WD—西毛德王后地；WI—温德米尔群岛；YG—伊尔岗克拉通；ZM—赞比西造山带
Figure 1. Simplified map showing the reconstruction of Antarctica and adjacent areas of Gondwana at ~500 Ma (modified after Harley et al., 2013)
AF-Albany-Fraser Orogen; AM-Amundsen Province; AP-Antarctic Peninsula; BH-Bunger Hills; BK-Bundelkhand Craton; BS-Bastar Craton; CB-Coompana Block; CD-central Dronning Maud Land; CG-Congo Craton; CH-Chatham Rise; CITZ-central Indian Tectonic Zone; CK-Choma-Kalomo Block; CL-Coats Land; CM-Campbell Plateau; CP-Cape Fold Belt; CPR-Capricorn Orogen; DG-Denman Glacier; DM-Damara Orogen; DO-Delamerian Orogen; DW-Dharwar Craton; EG-Eastern Ghats Belt; EWM-Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains Block; FM-Falkland-Malvinas Plateau; G-Grunehogna Craton; GM-Grove Mountains; GSM-Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains; GW-Gawler Craton; IR-Irumide Orogen; KH-Kalahari Craton; KB-Kibaran Orogen; LB-Lurio Belt; LF-Lufilian Arc; LH-Lützow-Holm Complex; LC-Lachlan Orogen; MD-Madagascar; MR-Miller Range; MZ-Mozambique Orogen; N-Napier Complex; NA-North Australian Craton; NE-New England Orogen; NH-Northampton Complex; NN-Namaqua-Natal Orogen; NPC-northern Prince Charles Mountains; NV-northern Victoria Land terranes; NZ-New Zealand; PAT-Patagonia; PB-Prydz Bay; PJ-Pinjarra Orogen; PL-Pilbara Craton; PM-Petermann Orogen; PT-Paterson Orogen; RG-Rauer Group; RO-Ross Orogen; RS-Ross Province; RY-Rayner Complex; SG-Southern Granulite Terrane; SI-Singhbhum Craton; SK-Shackleton Range; SP-South Pole; SPC-southern Prince Charles Mountains; SR-Sør Rondane Mountains; STR-South Tasman Rise; T-Tasmania; TA-Terre Adélie; TH-Thomson Orogen; TIB-Thurston Island Block; TZ-Tanzania Craton; VH-Vestfold Hills; VSH-Vostok Subglacial Highlands; WD-western Dronning Maud Land; WI-Windmill Islands; YG-Yilgarn Craton; ZM-Zambezi Orogen
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