Neogene spore-pollen assemblages and paleovegetation succession of Borehole ZKA02 in Beihai, Guangxi
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摘要:
通过对广西壮族自治区北海市新生代钻孔ZKA02中的孢粉化石的系统研究，初步恢复了该地区新近纪植被变化历史和气候变化过程。根据孢粉化石数据，将该钻孔自下而上划分出4个孢粉组合。早中新世—中中新世该地区的植被以落叶阔叶混交林−湿生草甸植被为主，气候偏温和半湿润；中中新世末期—晚中新世早期以针叶阔叶混交林−湿生草甸植被、温和半湿润气候为主；晚中新世中期为落叶阔叶混交林−湿生草甸植被，针叶树和蕨类植物逐渐增多，整体气候为温暖湿润型；晚中新世晚期—上新世为落叶阔叶混交林−湿生草甸植被，热带雨林和亚热带低山常绿阔叶树种明显增加，蕨类分子明显减少，相较于前三阶段，该阶段气候更加干旱，整体气候为偏温暖半干旱型。孢粉组合所反映的新近纪气候变化特征与全球气候变化趋势具有较好的可比性。
Abstract:The history of vegetation and climate change during the Cenozoic has been reconstructed by systematically analyzing the sporopollen assemblage from Borehole ZKA02 in Beihai, Guangxi. Through the analysis of spore-pollen data, four sporopollen assemblages can be recognized. From the Early Miocene to the Middle Miocene, this area was covered mainly by deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest–wet meadow vegetation, with a mild and semi-humid climate. From the end of the Middle Miocene to the early Late Miocene, the study area was dominated by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest-wet meadow vegetation, with mild and semi-humid. The middle Late Miocene was a mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest–wet meadow vegetation, with increasing conifers and ferns, and the climate was warm and humid. In the late Late Miocene to Pliocene, it was deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest–wet meadow vegetation. The species of evergreen broad-leaved trees in tropical rain forests and subtropical low mountains increased obviously, and the fern molecules decreased obviously. The climate in the Late Pliocene was warm and semi-arid, drier than the previous three stages. Spore-pollen assemblages reflected the climate change characteristics during the Neogene, which have good comparability with the trend of global climate change.
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Key words:
- spore-pollen assemblage /
- Neogene /
- paleo-vegetation /
- paleoclimate /
- Beihai
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图 1 研究区地质简图（据广西壮族自治区地质调查研究院，2017修改）
Figure 1. Geologic sketch of the study area (modified from Guangxi Institute of Geological Survey, 2017)
图 2 广西北海市ZKA02钻孔地层综合柱状图
Figure 2. Comprehensive stratigraphic column of Borehole ZKA02 in Beihai, Guangxi
图 3 钻孔主要孢粉类型图片
a、b—凤尾蕨属；c—里白属；d、e—铃子香属；f—栾树属；g— 蔷薇属；h、i—山矾属；j、k—石韦属；l、m—水龙骨属；n—榆属；o—榛属；p—凤尾蕨属；q—环纹藻属；r、s—金粉蕨属；t、u—麻黄属；v—石韦属；w、x—松属
Figure 3. Photos of the main spore-pollen types in Borehole ZKA02
(a and b) Pteris; (c) Hicriopteris; (d and e) Chelonopsis; (f) Koelreuteria; (g) Rosa; (h and i) Symplocos; (j and k) Pyrrosia; (l and m) Polypodium; (n) Ulmus; (o) Corylus; (p) Pteris; (q) Concentricystes; (r and s) Onychiun; (t and u) Ephedra; (v) Pyrrosia; (w and x) Pinus
图 4 广西北海市ZKA02钻孔新生代地层孢粉百分比图谱与孢粉组合划分
Figure 4. Neogene spore-pollen percentage diagram and spore-pollen assemblages from Borehole ZKA02 in Beihai, Guangxi
图 5 广西北海市ZKA02钻孔新近纪地层孢粉组合反映的气候变化与全球气候变化对比
Figure 5. The comparison between the climate change reflected by the Neogene spore-pollen assemblages in Borehole ZKA02, Beihai, Guangxi and the global climate change
表 1 北海地区及邻区新近纪岩石地层序列对比表
Table 1. Correlation of Neogene lithostratigraphic sequence of Beihai area and adjacent basins
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