A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE MECHANICS AND TECTONIC RELATIONSHIP TO THE GEOTHERMAL FIELD OF THE HEYUAN FAULT ZONE IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE
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摘要: 广东省河源断裂带位于中国东南沿海地热异常区，地热资源十分丰富，但其形成机制和利用前景尚不确定。为此文章开展了多学科综合分析，获得以下初步认识：温泉是断裂带内深循环地下水被地温加热而成，断裂剪切热和花岗岩浆残余热的贡献基本可以排除；沿断裂展布的厚层硅化带是古水热活动的产物；硅化带形成时期的挤压应力方向为北东-南西，与河源断裂及河源盆地晚白垩世以来的伸展活动对应，现代构造应力场为北西西-南东东方向挤压，与古应力场相比发生了明显变化；现今构造应力场使得北东向河源断裂呈右旋挤压运动，而北西向断裂则发生左旋张剪，导致地下水循环格局也发生相应改变；目前温泉沿河源断裂呈带分布，沿北西向断裂呈线性溢出，断裂交汇部位是热泉上升的主要通道。总体而言，河源地区拥有令人鼓舞的地热资源及应用前景，有可能达到建设地热发电厂的目标。建议继续深入开展地质学、地球物理、水文地质学和地热成因机理等多学科综合研究，从而更好地定量评价地热潜能与开发前景。Abstract: Located in the geothermal anomaly area along the southeast coast of China, the Heyuan fault zone in Guangdong Province owns abundant geothermal resources. To investigate its potential, the mechanics and tectonic relationship to the geothermal field of the Heyuan fault zone in Guangdong Province are analysed. It is preliminarily believed that:1) The origin of hot springs is mainly attributed to deep circulation of groundwater along the fault zone heated by the geothermal gradient; the contribution of shear heat and residual heat of granite magma can be eliminated. 2) The thick quartz reef distributed along the fault is the product of the ancient hydrothermal activity. 3) The direction of compressive stress during the formation of quartz reef is NE-SW, corresponding to the extension of the Heyuan fault and the Heyuan Basin since the Late Cretaceous. This is a marked change to the stress direction of the modern tectonic stress field of NWW-SEE. 4) The current tectonic stress field makes the NE Heyuan faults dextral trans-compressional, while the NW faults have left-lateral strike and tension, resulting in a corresponding change in the groundwater circulation pattern. 5) The hot springs are distributed along the Heyuan fault zone and aligned along the NW faults; the intersection of the faults is the channel through which hot springs rise. Overall, the Heyuan area has promising geothermal resources and potential to establish geothermal power plants. It is recommended that further multidisciplinary studies are carried out, including geology, geophysics, hydrogeology and geothermal.
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Key words:
- Heyuan fault /
- geothermal /
- quartz reef /
- tectonic stress field /
- groundwater circulation
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图 1 河源地区地质构造简图和剖面示意图(据广东省地质局、广东省有色地质环境中心内部资料以及野外实测综合)
1—第四系；2—古近系；3—白垩系；4—侏罗系；5—石炭—二叠系(局部少量三叠系)；6—泥盆系；7—寒武奥陶系；8—晚元古界；9—侏罗纪花岗岩(局部白垩纪)；10—三叠纪花岗岩；11—白垩纪末—古近纪初基性岩；12—地质界线；13—断层及其编号(粗细示断层规模，虚线代表隐伏断裂或线性构造)；14—天然温泉；15—热水井；16—钻孔；17—水文取样点；18—取样编号；19—剖面位置；20—城镇
F1—河源断裂，F2—人字石断裂，F3—大坪—岩前断裂，F4—石角—新港—白田断裂，F5—南山—坳头断裂；A-A′—表示剖面位置
a—河源地区相关断裂、地层、主要花岗岩体、温泉和取样位置图；b—横切河源断裂带和河源盆地剖面示意图Figure 1. Overview geological map of the Heyuan area and a cross-section schematic
图 2 河源断裂带野外岩相变化示意图(位置见图 1b)
a、b、c、d分别表示观测点照片及对应位置；露头照片显示断裂带不同岩相（从花岗岩到石英岩脉）脆性变形和石英成分均增加
Figure 2. Cross-section schematic of the Heyuan Fault, showing the relative position of the fault zone facies, based on field observations
图 3 硅化带岩石多期次变形和裂缝愈合显微构造特征
a—样品HY17-13，正交偏光5倍，显示石英颗粒被错断，石英细脉贯入；b—样品HY17-18b，正交偏光5倍，显示平行糜棱岩面理方向的石英脉
Figure 3. Two thin sections showing multiple phases of deformation and fracture healing
表 1 研究区内沿河源断裂带分布的温泉温度和流量
Table 1. Measurements of hot springs along the Heyuan Fault Zone.
点号 数据来源 样品点位 纬度 经度 描述 温度/℃ 流量/(L/s) L1 本次研究采集 Loc.5 23° 51′09″N 114° 47′31″E 自流井(废弃建筑旁) 55.7 4.8 L2 本次研究采集 Loc.5 (距L1点20 m) 23° 51′07″N 114° 47′25″E 当地村民开采井 57.9 2.9 L3 本次研究采集 Loc.6 24° 04′32″N 115° 08′57″E 水池 62.5 5.6 M4 Mao等[21] DG-13 24°04′29.6″N 115°08′59.4″E 泉点(位置同L3) 63.2 M5 Mao等[21] DG-14 23°51′11.2″N 114°47′29.4″E 泉点(位置同L1/L2) 56.7 M6 Mao等[21] DG-15 23°26′49.6″N 115°06′26.9″E 泉点 78.6 M7 Mao等[21] DG-16 23°12′10.5″N 114°21′31.3″E 泉点 59.8 注：表中以Loc.命名的取样点位见图 2a；以DG命名的取样点见文献[21] 
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表 2 河源断裂带的浅层钻孔测量的地下水温度和流量
Table 2. Groundwater measurements obtained from shallow boreholes along a section of the Heyuan Fault in the Badengcheng area.
井名 纬度 经度 深度/m 孔内最高温度/℃ 孔口温度/℃ 流量/(L/s) ZK1 23°37′35.43″N 114°37′7.33″E 150.81 30.1 27 6.48 ZK2 23°37′43.85″N 114°37′32.11″E 323.25 39.5 34 1.37 ZK3 23°38′8.52″N 114°37′47.01″E 350 43.3 37 0.75 ZK4 23°37′47.60″N 114°37′39.44″E 358 51.8 45.2 5.00 ZK6 23°37′48.00″N 114°37′38.81″E 375 52.0 45.2 13.31 ZK7 23°37′48.41″N 114°37′38.29″E 381.12 64.6 61.0 16.20
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表 3 地质模型中的断层及其参数
Table 3. Faults considered in the geomodel, the parameters used, and comparison with other sources.
编号 断裂 走向 倾角及依据 切割深度 F1 河源断裂 NE5°~80° 45°(据[9])35°~50°(据[11])35°~62°(据[12])37°~49°平均43°(据野外观测点测量) -10 km F2 人字石断裂 NE40°~60° 60°(据[9]) -10 km F3 大坪—岩前断裂 NE30~50° 70°(据[9]) -10 km F4 石角—新港—白田断裂 NE25°~50° 70°(据[9]) -10 km F5 南山—坳头断裂 N85°E 90°(据[9]) -15 km F6 未命名断裂 N52°W 80°(据野外观测点测量) -10 km F7 未命名断裂 N60°W 90° (典型的安德森型高倾角走滑断裂) -10 km F8 推测断裂 N52°W 90° (典型的安德森型高倾角走滑断裂) -10 km F9 推测断裂 N23°E 75° (据地质填图显示的小断裂及地表线性构造) -10 km F10 推测断裂 N14°E 70° (据地质填图显示的小断裂及地表线性构造) -10 km
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