Accumulation model of the Sinian-Cambrian shale gas in western Hubei Province, China
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摘要: 通过对鄂西震旦系陡山沱组和寒武系牛蹄塘组页岩气勘查大量实际资料总结研究，创新性地提出了针对鄂西地区震旦系和寒武系"岩相控炭、成岩控烃、构造控藏"的页岩气成藏理论认识。震旦系陡山沱组和寒武系牛蹄塘组富有机质页岩沉积受控于鄂西裂陷海槽，富有机质页岩甜点层段主要形成于海侵体系域和早期高水位体系域。黄陵古隆起周缘震旦纪—三叠纪长期浅埋，为生油提供了充足时间，三叠纪短暂快速深埋，为页岩气生成的主峰期。古隆起刚性基底、区域性泥页岩盖层以及后期逆冲推覆构造，为页岩气保存提供了良好的条件。从而建立了鄂西震旦—寒武系"深水海槽控炭、古隆起浅埋控烃、古隆起+逆冲断裂控藏"的页岩气成藏模式。Abstract: Based on the study of a large number of real data of shale gas exploration in the Sinian Doushantuo Formation and the Cambrian Niutitang Formation in western Hubei Province, the theoretical understanding of shale gas accumulation in the Sinian and Cambrian that lithofacies controls carbon, diagenesis controls hydrocarbon and structure controls reservoir is put forward innovatively. The deposition of organic-rich shales in the Sinian Doushantuo Formation and the Cambrian Niutitang Formation were controlled by the rift trough in western Hubei. Sweet spots of organic-rich shales were mainly formed in the transgressive system tract and the early high water-level system tract. The long-term shallow burial in the Sinian and Triassic around the Huangling paleo-uplift provided sufficient time for the oil generation. The Triassic is a short-term and rapid burial period, which is the main peak period of shale gas generation. The rigid basement of paleo-uplift, regional shale cap rock and later thrust nappe structure provided good conditions for the shale gas preservation. Thus, the shale gas accumulation model of the Sinian and Cambrian in western Hubei Province is established, which includes carbon control by deep-water trough, hydrocarbon control by shallow burial of paleo-uplift, reservoir control by paleo-uplift and thrust fault.
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图 1 黄陵背斜及周缘地区构造单元划分
Figure 1. Division of structural units in the Huangling anticline and its surrounding areas
图 3 鄂阳页1井陡山沱组高频层序单元划分柱状图
Figure 3. Histogram of high frequency sequence unit division of the Doushantuo Formation in the Eyangye No.1 well
图 4 鄂阳页1井牛蹄塘组高频层序单元划分柱状图
Figure 4. Histogram of high frequency sequence unit division of the Niutitang Formation in the Eyangye No.1 well
图 5 鄂西地区牛蹄塘组富有机质泥页岩横向展布图
Figure 5. Lateral distribution of organic-rich shales in the Niutitang Formation, western Hubei
图 6 牛蹄塘组页岩TOC含量与沉积体系域关系图
Figure 6. Relationship between TOC content and sedimentary system tract of the Niutitang Formation shale
图 7 宜昌地区陡山沱组和牛蹄塘组页岩部分样品热声发射突变温度记录结果图
Figure 7. Acoustic emission maps of some samples from the Doushantuo and Niutitang Formations in Yichang area
图 8 页岩干酪根红外光谱最小波数(Wmin)与镜质体反射率关系图
Figure 8. Relationship between minimum wavenumber (Wmin) of infrared spectrum and vitrinite reflectance of shale kerogen
图 9 黄陵背斜及周缘地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩成熟度分布图
Figure 9. Distribution map of maturity of black shale in the Niutitang Formation of Lower Cambrian in the Huangling anticline and its surrounding areas
图 10 鄂阳页1井陡山沱组页岩裂缝石英脉中气-液两相盐水包裹体均一温度分布直方图和相关关系图
Figure 10. Histogram and correlation diagram of homogenization temperature distribution of gas-liquid two-phase brine inclusions in fractured quartz veins of the Doushantuo Formation in the Eyangye No.1 well
图 11 鄂阳页1井牛蹄塘组页岩裂缝方解石脉气-液两相盐水包裹体均一温度分布直方图
Figure 11. Histogram of homogenization temperature distribution of gas-liquid two-phase brine inclusions in shale fractured calcite vein of the Niutitang Formation in the Eyangye No.1 well
图 12 黄陵隆起及周缘构造演化、地温和抬升史概略图
Figure 12. Outline of tectonic evolution, geotemperature and uplift history of the Huangling uplift and its surrounding areas
图 13 秭地2井陡山沱组和牛蹄塘组页岩埋藏—热演化—抬升史模拟重建图
Figure 13. Reconstruction of shale burial-thermal evolution-uplift history of the Doushantuo and Niutitang Formations in the Zidi No.2 well
图 14 秭地2井陡山沱组和牛蹄塘组页岩模拟镜质体反射率和生烃史演化模拟图
Figure 14. Simulated vitrinite reflectance and hydrocarbon generation evolution of the Doushantuo and Niutitang shales in the Zidi No.2 well
图 15 天阳坪断裂下盘鄂阳页1井页岩气富集成藏模式图
Figure 15. Shale gas enrichment and accumulation pattern of the Eyangye No.1 well in the footwall of the Tianyangping fault
表 1 鄂西地区陡山沱组和牛蹄塘组钻井实测TOC含量统计表
Table 1. Statistical table of measured TOC content in drilling of the Doushantuo Formation and Niutetang Formation in western Hubei Province
井号 陡山沱组页岩TOC含量/% 牛蹄塘组页岩TOC含量/% 鄂阳页1井 1.00~2.90/1.70(295) 4.42~6.65/5.34(16) 鄂宜参1井 0.13~4.0/0.92(?) 0.52~5.96/2.26(32) 秭地1 0.72~2.91/1.63(19) 0.53~8.72/2.95(40) 秭地2 0.07~1.78/0.66(22) 0.30~9.59/2.34(44) 注：表中1.00~2.90为TOC测试样品值范围；1.70为TOC平均值；(295)为测试样品数 
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表 2 鄂西地区震旦系陡山沱组与牛蹄塘组实测有机质成熟度统计表
Table 2. Statistics of measured organic matter maturity in the Doushantuo Formation and Niutitang Formation of Sinian system in western Hubei Province
测试方法 陡山沱组Ro/% 牛蹄塘组Ro/% 固体沥青反射率 3.09~3.49/3.21(9) 2.84~3.24/3.02(11) 干酪根红外光谱 2.3~3.3 1.7~2.6 干酪根激光拉曼 /2.84(13) /3.08 注：表中3.09~3.49为测试样品值范围；3.21为平均值；(9)为测试样品数
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表 3 鄂阳页1井陡山沱组和牛蹄塘组页岩裂缝脉体样品信息表
Table 3. Information table of shale fractured vein samples from the Doushantuo Formation and Jiutitang Formation in the Eyangye No.1 well
样品编号 采样层位 深度/m 脉体类型 脉体产状 N-2 牛蹄塘组( 
2942.56 方解石脉 高角度 N-4 3062.00 D-5 陡山沱组(Z1ds) 3357.72 石英脉为主 D-7 3363.64 D-10 3371.68 D-12 3374.84 D-20 3381.45 D-21 3392.42
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