Physical experiment and numerical model analysis of surge caused by collapse of columnar dangerous rock mass
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摘要: 柱状危岩体是三峡库区常见的一种典型地质灾害隐患，其崩塌产生涌浪给库区航运、旅游、生产生活以及人员财产造成巨大威胁和损害。文章基于野外柱状危岩体的成生及运动边界条件，开展了颗粒柱体崩塌产生涌浪的物理试验和数值模拟。结果表明：该数值模型能较好地模拟崩塌涌浪的形成过程、矢量信息以及与水体的相互作用；速度曲线定量地展示了能量的传递；物理试验和数值模拟涌浪高度偏差约3~4 cm；数值模拟堆积区堆积角比物理试验大5%；比前缘运动距离小7%。为柱状危岩体崩塌产生涌浪灾害的预测和预警提供了重要依据。Abstract: Columnar dangerous rock mass is a common hidden geological hazard in the Three Gorges reservoir area, and the surge induced by collapse causes great threat and damage to shipping, tourism, production and life, as well as personnel and property in the reservoir area. In this paper, based on the boundary conditions of the formation and movement of the columnar dangerous rock mass in the field, the physical experiment and numerical simulation of surge caused by the collapse of granular columns are carried out. The results show that the numerical model can well simulate the formation process, vector information and interaction with water, and the velocity curve shows the energy transfer quantitatively. The deviation of surge height between the physical test and the numerical simulation is about 3~4 cm; the stacking angle of the numerical simulation stacking area is 5% larger than that of the physical experiment; the moving distance of the leading edge is 7% smaller. It provides an important basis for prediction and early warning of surge disaster caused by the collapse of columnar dangerous rock mass.
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图 3 颗粒运动过程的流固运动矢量场对比
Figure 3. Comparison of the fluid-solid motion vector fields in the granule movement
图 4 Z、X方向平均速度-时间变化曲线对比
Figure 4. Comparison of average velocity-time curves in Z and X directions
图 6 监测点水位过程线对比
Figure 6. Comparison chart of water level process lines at the monitoring points
图 8 崩塌过程堆积角变化对比
Figure 8. Comparison of deposition angle changes in the collapse process
表 1 试验颗粒物理性质
Table 1. Physical properties of experimental granules
颗粒密度/(g/cm3) 堆积密度/(g/cm3) 粒径大小/mm 休止角/(°) 与底面摩擦角/(°) 2.86 1.46 13±1 30.8 22.9 
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