NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE PROPORTION ON ROCK MECHANICS CHARACTERISTICS
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摘要: 岩石是矿物颗粒的集合体同时也是一种重要的非均质材料,了解它的力学特征对岩土工程及矿产开采都具有重要的指导作用。作为典型的颗粒材料,颗粒单元体的粒径分布配比必然影响着岩石的宏观力学表现。通过设置不同体积配比下的颗粒材料单元体,利用PCF2D软件模拟了相同颗粒材料单元体不同配比下岩石模型的力学特征。模拟结果表明颗粒单元体配比对岩石的力学特征有明显的影响。在模拟过程中大颗粒的配比显著影响着岩石的抗压强度,大颗粒含量相对越高,抗压强度越大。而细颗粒的配比影响着岩石的抗拉强度,细颗粒含量相对越高,抗拉强度越大,但是过多的细颗粒会降低岩石的抗拉强度。考虑岩石压缩过程中裂缝形态的影响。结果表明均匀分布、5:2:3、7:2:1的颗粒配比形成了贯穿裂缝,而1:2:7和3:2:5的颗粒配比未能形成贯穿裂缝,且细颗粒配比越高,裂缝数目出现高值的概率也越大。Abstract: Rock is a collection of mineral particles and an important heterogeneous material. Understanding its mechanical characteristics plays an important role in guiding geotechnical engineering and mining. As a typical granular material, the proportion of particle size distribution in granular element body certainly affects the macroscopic mechanical behavior of rock. PCF2D software was used to simulate the mechanical characteristics of rock models with different proportions of the same granular material element body by setting the granular material element bodies with different volume proportions. The simulation results show that the proportion of particle elements has obvious influence on the mechanical characteristics of rock. In the simulation process, the proportion of large particles significantly affects the compressive strength of rocks. The higher the content of large particles is, the greater the compressive strength is. The proportion of fine particles affects the tensile strength of rocks. The higher the content of fine particles is, the greater the tensile strength will be; however, excessive fine particles will reduce the tensile strength of rocks. Considering the influence of fracture morphology in the process of rock mass compression, penetrating fractures are formed by rock model with particle proportions of 1:1:1, 5:2:3 and 7:2:1, while those of 1:2:7 and 3:2:5 fail to form penetrating fractures. Moreover, the higher the proportion of fine particles is, the higher the probability of high number of fractures is.
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Key words:
- particle proportion /
- particle flow /
- compressive strength /
- tensile strength /
- failure morphology
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图 2 平行黏结模型示意图及破坏包络线
a—平行黏结示意图;b—平行黏结模型破坏包络线
$\overline{{{k}_{\text{s}}}} $ —黏结切向刚度;$ \overline{{{k}_{\text{n}}}}$ —黏结法向刚度;$\overline{{{\sigma }_{\text{c}}}} $ —拉伸强度;$ \bar{\tau }/\overline{{{\tau }_{\text{c}}}}$ —剪切强度;$ (\bar{c}, \bar{\varphi })$ —粘聚力和摩擦角;μ—摩擦系数;gs—黏结激活间隙;kn—法向刚度;ks—切向刚度Figure 2. Schematic diagram and failure envelope of the parallel bond model
表 1 不同颗粒配比试验结果
Table 1. Results of different particle proportion
颗粒配比 均匀分布 1:2:7 3:2:5 5:2:3 7:2:1 颗粒数目/个 3161 2774 3233 3681 4126 接触个数/个 7860 6901 8050 9198 10356 压缩裂缝/条 1145 1199 1383 1920 1318 抗压强度/MPa 26.65 31.12 29.39 29.37 28.31 抗拉强度/MPa 5.89 5.49 5.92 6.30 5.02 表 2 不同颗粒配比数值模型中颗粒配位数统计图
Table 2. Statistical analysis of particle proportions in numerical model of different particle proportions
颗粒配比 均匀分布 1:2:7 3:2:5 5:2:3 7:2:1 大颗粒配位数 5.84 5.19 5.47 5.68 5.84 中颗粒配位数 5.38 4.78 5.04 5.16 5.38 细颗粒配位数 4.85 4.31 4.51 4.67 4.85 -
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