图  1  滇藏交通廊道区域地壳稳定性评价图

Figure  1.  Regional crustal stability evaluation map of the Yunnan–Tibet Transportation Corridor

图  2  丽江－香格里拉铁路沿线工程地质条件计算结果图

Figure  2.  Calculated engineering geological conditions around the Lijiang–ShangriLa Railway Track

图  3  丽江—香格里拉段优化线路工程地质分区图

Figure  3.  Engineering geological zonation of the optimized route along the Lijiang–ShangriLa section

图  4  金沙江大桥斜坡特征

Figure  4.  Slope characteristics of the Jinsha River Bridge section

图  5  活动断裂带地质灾害效应的主要表现

Figure  5.  Geohazard effects of active fault zones

(a) Intense fault activity triggers geohazards; (b) Effect of fault creep on the slope stress field; (c) Active fault supplies material for the geohazard chain

图  6  高位滑坡启动的地质力学模式示意图（据张永双等，2021修改）

a—堆积体滑移型； b—顺层滑移拉裂型；c—卸荷剪断型；d—岩溶贯通拉裂型；e—崩滑溃散型；f—构造控制型

Figure  6.  Schematic diagram of the geomechanical model for high-position landslide initiation (after Zhang et al., 2021)

(a) Accumulation body slide type; (b)Bedding-plane slip and tension crack type; (c) Unloading and shearing type; (d) Karst penetration and tension crack type; (e) Collapse-slide and disintegration type; (f) Structurally controlled type.

图  7  地质构造与蚀变黏土联合控制滑坡演化

a—白格滑坡所在区域地质构造位置（1—上石炭统生帕群；2—二叠系—三叠系岗托岩组；3—下三叠统普水桥组；4—华力西期金沙江超镁铁质岩带、蛇纹岩；5—下三叠统色容寺组；6—三叠系花岗闪长岩；7—上三叠统下逆松多组下段；8—上三叠统下逆松多组上段；9—上三叠统洞卡组；10—上三叠统甲丕拉组；11—三叠系中统瓦拉寺组；12—三叠系辉长岩岩块；13—逆断裂；14—水系；15—白格滑坡；16—背斜）； b—白格滑坡影像；c—充填蚀变黏土结构面野外特征；d—蚀变黏土结构面贯通形成滑带；e—结构面贯通示意图；f—含蚀变黏土夹层结构面循环剪切试验剪切破坏过程；g—蚀变黏土充填结构面抗剪强度参数与充填度关系曲线

Figure  7.  Geological structure and altered clay jointly control of landslide evolution

(a) Geological structure of the Baige landslide (1–Upper Carboniferous Shengpa Group; 2–Permian–Triassic Gangtuo Group; 3–Lower Triassic Pushuiqiao Group; 4–Jinsha River ultramafic belt and serpentine; 5–Lower Triassic Serongsi Group; 6–Triassic granodiorite; 7–Lower Songduo Group, Upper Triassic; 8–Upper Songduo Group, Upper Triassic; 9–Upper Triassic Dongka Group; 10–Upper Triassic Jiapira Group; 11–Middle Triassic Walasi Group; 12–Triassic gabbro block; 13–Faults; 14–Water system; 15–Baige Landslide; 16–Anticline); (b) Image of the Baige landslide; (c) Field characteristics of altered clay-filled structural planes; (d) Slip zone formation by interconnecting altered clay structural planes; (e) Schematic diagram of structural plane interconnection; (f) Shear failure process in cyclic shear tests on structural planes containing altered clay interlayers; (g) Relationship between shear strength parameters and degree to which structural planes are filled with altered clay

图  8  高黎贡隧道区工程地质剖面图（AB段和BC段）

Qh—全新世冲洪积物；J₂m¹—中侏罗统勐戛组下段砂泥岩、泥灰岩；J₂m²—中侏罗统勐戛组上段玄武岩夹砂、泥岩；T₂h—中二叠统河湾街组白云岩；D₂h—中泥盆统回贤组灰岩；O₁l—下奥陶统亮甲山组页岩、粉砂岩；O₁m—下奥陶统马家沟组砂岩、粉砂岩； O—奥陶统细砂岩、粉砂岩、石英砂岩、板岩；S₁—下志留统笔石页岩、粉砂岩；S₂—中志留统条带状、网纹状灰岩、砂质泥灰岩；S_2-3—中上志留统条带状、网纹状灰岩、砂质泥灰岩；${\rlap{--} {\mathrm{C}}}_3 $b—上寒武统保山组灰岩、砂岩、粉砂岩及页岩；${\rlap{--} {\mathrm{C}}}_3 $s²—上寒武统沙河厂组上段砂板岩、粉砂岩夹灰岩；${\rlap{--} {\mathrm{C}}} $gn²—寒武统公养河群绢云板岩夹石英岩、轻变质砂岩；Pz₁gl—下古生界高黎贡山群黄灰色、褐灰色板岩、变质砂岩夹变粒岩；γ₅³⁽²⁾—燕山期黑云母花岗岩1—泥岩；2—粉砂岩；3—泥质粉砂岩；4—细砂岩；5—粗砂岩；6—杂砂岩；7—长石砂岩；8—长石石英砂岩；9—砂砾岩；10—砾岩；11—灰岩；12—泥质灰岩；13—砂质灰岩；14—白云岩；15—砂质白云岩；16—泥质板岩；17—砂质板岩；18—变质砂岩；19—千枚状板岩；20—石英片岩；21—片岩；22—大理岩；23—玄武岩；24—花岗岩（斑岩）；25—断裂；26—钻孔及编号

Figure  8.  Engineering geological section of the Gaoligong tunnel (Sections AB and BC)

1−Mudstone; 2−Siltstone; 3−Silty mudstone; 4−Fine sandstone; 5−Coarse sandstone; 6−Greywacke; 7−Arkose; 8−Feldspathic quartz sandstone; 9−Sandy conglomerate; 10−Conglomerate; 11−Limestone; 12−Argillaceous limestone; 13−Sandy limestone; 14−Dolomite; 15−Sandy dolomite; 16−Argillaceous slate; 17−Sandy slate; 18−Metasandstone; 19−Phyllitic slate; 20−Quartz schist; 21−Schist; 22−Marble; 23−Basalt; 24−Granite (porphyry); 25−Fault; 26−Borehole and number Qh−Holocene alluvial-pluvial deposits; J₂m¹−Middle Jurassic Mengga Formation lower member sandstone and mudstone, marl; J₂m²−Middle Jurassic Mengga Formation upper member basalt interbedded with sandstone and mudstone; T₂h−Middle Triassic Hewanjie Formation dolomite; D₂h−Middle Devonian Huixian Formation limestone; O₁l−Lower Ordovician Liangjiashan Formation shale, siltstone; O₁m−Lower Ordovician Majiagou Formation sandstone, siltstone; O−Ordovician fine sandstone, siltstone, quartz sandstone, slate; S₁−Lower Silurian graptolite shale, siltstone; S₂−Middle Silurian banded and reticulated limestone, sandy marl; S_2-3−Middle-Upper Silurian banded and reticulated limestone, sandy marl; ${\rlap{--} {\mathrm{C}}}_3 $b−Upper Cambrian Baoshan Formation limestone, sandstone, siltstone, and shale; ${\rlap{--} {\mathrm{C}}}_3 $s²−Upper Cambrian Shahechang Formation upper member slate, siltstone interbedded with limestone; ${\rlap{--} {\mathrm{C}}} $gn²−Cambrian Gongyanghe Group sericite slate interbedded with quartzite and lightly metamorphosed sandstone; Pz₁gl−Lower Paleozoic Gaoligongshan Group yellow-gray and brown-gray slate, metamorphosed sandstone interbedded with granulite; γ₅³⁽²⁾ −Yanshanian biotite granite.

图  9  隧道位于褶皱岩体时最大主应力等值线云图

a—隧道位于向斜轴部； b—隧道与褶皱轴线垂直

Figure  9.  Contours of the maximum principal stress for a tunnel in folded rock mass

(a) Tunnel parallel to the syncline axis; (b) Tunnel perpendicular to the fold axis

图  10  走滑断层岩体中隧道围岩应力分布特征

a—隧道距离断裂40m；b—隧道距离断裂80m

Figure  10.  Stress distribution for a tunnel with a strike-slip fault in the surrounding rock mass

(a) Tunnel is 40 m away from the fault; (b) Tunnel is 80 m away from the fault