Basic characteristics and metallogenic potential of banded iron formation(BIF) in the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica
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摘要: 东南极南查尔斯王子山条带状含铁建造(BIF)产于鲁克山古元古代鲁克群的底部，总厚400 m，矿体厚度30~70 m，铁矿平均品位33.5%。该条带状含铁建造形成过程可能与变质火山岩有联系，在成因分类上属于苏必利尔湖型含铁建造和阿尔戈马型含铁建造之间的过渡类型。高精度航磁测量在鲁克山圈定出宽约10 km的北、南两条磁异常条带，延长分别约为50 km和60 km。据此初步建立该地区沉积变质型铁矿预测模型，圈定了含铁建造的资源分布范围，最终估算出铁矿石可开采的资源量大于百亿吨。Abstract: Banded iron formation(BIF) occurs in the lower part of the Paleoproterozoic Ruker Group at Mount Ruker, southern Prince Charles Mountains in East Antarctica. Of all depositional sequence of the Ruker Group, at least 400 m is of iron-bearing formation and 30~70 m is of ore body with an average grade of total Fe about 33.5%. The formation process of the BIF may be related to metamorphic volcanic rocks and the BIF may belong to the transitional type between the Lake Superior type and the Algoma type in genetic classification. High precision aeromagnetic survey identified two major, 10-km-wide, positive aeromagnetic anomalies extending westward from Mount Ruker for 50 km in the north and 60 km in the south, respectively. Based on the aeromagnetic anomaly and high-precision magnetic anomaly data, the prediction model and the distribution range of the BIF are established. The recoverable iron ore resources are finally estimated to be more than ten billion tons.
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图 1 查尔斯王子山-普里兹湾地区地质简图和鲁克地体地质简图(图中黑色区域为岩石露头)
a-查尔斯王子山-普里兹湾地区地质简图(刘晓春, 2009); b-图a中的鲁克地体地质简图(据Phillips et al., 2005修改)
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of the Prince Charles Moutains-Prydz Bay region showing its location in East Antarctica(a) and Geological sketch map of the Ruker terrane(b)
a is after Liu, 2009; b is modified after Phillips et al., 2005; The black areas represent outcrops.
图 2 南查尔斯王子山年代地层学划分(据Phillips et al., 2006修改)
Figure 2. Regional chronostratigraphic division for the southern Prince Charles Mountains(modified after Phillips et al., 2006)
图 3 鲁克山地质简图(Mikhalsky et al., 2001)
Figure 3. Geological sketch map of Mount Ruker(Mikhalsky et al., 2001)
图 4 埃默里冰架、兰伯特冰川及查尔斯王子山地区航磁异常图和南查尔斯王子山鲁克地体磁异常区划分图
a-埃默里冰架、兰伯特冰川及查尔斯王子山地区航磁异常图(据Golynsky et al., 2002修改)；b-南查尔斯王子山鲁克地体磁异常区划分图(据McLean et al., 2008修改)
Figure 4. Colour shaded-relief map of the magnetic anomalies for the Amery Ice Shelf, Lambert Glacier and Prince Charles Mountains(a) and Magnetic signature of the geophysical domains in the southern Prince Charles Mountains(b)
a is modified after Golynsky et al., 2002; b is modified after McLean et al., 2008.
表 1 南查尔斯王子山鲁克地体条带状含铁建造铁矿预测模型
Table 1. The metallogenetic prospect model of iron ore in banded iron formation in the Ruker Terrane, southern Prince Charles Mountains
成矿要素 特征描述 构造位置 南查尔斯王子山鲁克地体古元古代沉积盆地北部边缘 赋矿岩层 磁铁石英岩 矿物组合 石英+磁铁矿+赤铁矿+白云石+方解石+钠闪石+硬绿泥石+磷灰石 结构构造 同沉积构造，条带状构造 控矿构造 被南向逆冲断层和晚期东北向左旋剪切走滑断层控制 矿体规模 矿体产状与地层一致，主矿体为南北两个成矿带，北侧矿体走向近东西向，长约50 km，并以约45°角向南倾斜至地下深度7 km，厚度约30~70 m；南侧矿体走向也是近东西向，长约60 km，也向南陡倾，在地表以下约8 km处尖灭，厚度也估算为30~70 m 矿石品位 矿石品位在24.1%~45.9%之间，平均为33.5% 矿石组构 矿石结构以细粒柱状、粒状变晶结构为主，条带状构造 物探特征 高振幅磁异常区基本圈定铁矿体的形态，主体向南倾斜 注：根据Ravich et al., 1982; McLean et al., 2008资料修改 
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表 2 南查尔斯王子山鲁克地体条带状含铁建造铁矿预测资源量
Table 2. The potential resource of iron ore in banded iron formation in the Ruker Terrane, southern Prince Charles Mountains
矿体 预测矿体截面积(S)/m2 预测真面积(S′)/m2 倾角 矿体厚度/m 预测矿体体积(V′)/m3 小体重(T)/(t/m3) 预测矿石量(Q′)/亿吨 北侧 50×103×7×103 495×106 45° 30~70 14850×106~34650×106 2.75 408~953 南侧 60×103×8×103 679×106 45° 30~70 20370×106~47530×106 2.75 560~1307
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