青藏高原中部1951年崩错M 8.0地震同震地表破裂和发震构造背景<sup> </sup>

刘富财; 潘家伟; 李海兵; 马晓丽（Marie-LuceChevalier）; 孙知明; 江晨轶; 张斯琪

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2026016

青藏高原中部1951年崩错M 8.0地震同震地表破裂和发震构造背景

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2026016

刘富财^{1, 2, 3,},
潘家伟^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,},
李海兵^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
马晓丽（Marie-LuceChevalier）^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
孙知明^5,,
江晨轶^{1, 2,},
张斯琪^{1, 2,}

1.
中国地质科学院地质研究所
2.
自然资源部大陆动力学重点实验室
3.
江苏东海大陆深孔地壳活动国家野外科学观测研究站
4.
深地探测与矿产勘查全国重点实验室
5.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所

基金项目: 国家重点研发项目（2023YFC3012003）；国家自然科学基金项目（42325207）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20240100703）；国家自然科学基金项目（42372274）；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（2019QZKK0901）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-29
- 修回日期: 2026-05-20
- 录用日期: 2026-05-22
- 预出版日期: 2026-05-22

Co-seismic surface rupture and seismogenic backgroundof the 1951 M 8.0 Beng Co earthquakein the central Tibetan Plateau

LIU Fucai^{1, 2, 3
,},
PAN Jiawei^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,},
LI Haibing^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
Chevalier Marie-Luce^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
SUN Zhiming^5
,,
JIANG Chenyi^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Siqi^{1, 2
,}

1.
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
2.
Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources
3.
Jiangsu Donghai Continental Deep Hole Crustal Activity National Observation and Research Station
4.
State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Mineral Exploration
5.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Funds: National Key Research & Development program(2023YFC3012003);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42325207);Geological Survey Project of the China Geological Survey(DD20240100703);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372274);Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) of the Science and Technology of China(2019QZKK0901)

摘要

摘要: 地震形成的地表破裂带是断层活动最为直观的地貌证据，其空间展布及形变特征记录着地震破裂和断层运动的信息。这些信息不仅有助于认识地震破裂过程和发震机制，而且对深入理解断层演化和地壳变形具有重要意义。因此，及时开展同震地表破裂带调查并采集和保存其高精度地形地貌数据尤为重要。1951年11月18日青藏高原中部发生的崩错M 8.0地震，沿崩错断裂形成了至今仍保存较好的地表破裂。应用无人机运动恢复结构（Structure from Motion，SfM）三维建模方法获得沿破裂带的厘米级分辨率正射影像和数字高程模型，结合野外实地调查，获得了崩错地震精细的同震破裂分布图像。在此基础上，通过累积位移概率密度分布（Cumulative Offset Probability Distribution，COPD）方法分析了该断裂的历史地震复发行为，并讨论了崩错断裂的运动学特征和此次地震的发震背景。结果表明：此次地震使崩错断裂东段发生破裂，形成了长约90 km、总体走向120°的同震地表破裂带。沿破裂带发育的右行位错冲沟/阶地、挤压鼓包、地震陷坑等地震地貌显示，崩错断裂是以右行走滑为主的活动断裂。COPD统计结果进一步揭示，大地震沿崩错断裂反复发生，每次地震产生的特征位移约为4 m。此次地震的发生是东羌塘地壳物质向东运移背景下，崩错断裂调节区域挤出变形的直接响应。研究不仅记录了崩错地震同震地表破裂的高分辨率三维数据，也为高原中部构造变形研究和地震危险性评估提供了依据。
- 崩错M 8.0地震 /
- 同震地表破裂 /
- 累积位移量概率密度分布 /
- 青藏高原中部 /
- 发震背景
Abstract: [Objective] The co-seismic surface rupture formed by an earthquake is the most obvious geomorphological evidence of fault activity. Its spatial distribution and deformation characteristics record essential information about seismic rupture and fault motion, which not only aids in understanding earthquake rupture process and seismogenic mechanism but also contributes significantly to a deeper comprehension of fault evolution and crustal deformation. Therefore, it is of great importance to promptly investigate co-seismic surface rupture zones and acquire high-precision geomorphological data. [Methods] The November 18, 1951 M 8.0 Beng Co earthquake in central Tibet ruptured the Beng Co fault and produced a well-preserved surface rupture zone.. We obtain precise image by combining field investigation with the high-resolution orthomosaic images and digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery based on the Structure from Motion (SfM) method. Based on these data, we measured both co-seismic and cumulative displacements along the rupture zone to examine the kinematic characteristis of the Beng Co fault and the seismogenic background of the Beng Co earthquake. [Results and conclusions] The earthquake ruptured the eastern segment of the Beng Co fault, forming a ~90 km-long co-seismic surface rupture zone with an overall strike of 120°. A series of right--lateral offset gullies/terraces, push-ups, and pull-aparts along the rupture zone reveal that the Beng Co fault is an active right-lateral strike-slip fault. Cumulative offset probability distribution (COPD) analysis suggests that large earthquakes have occurred repeatedly along this fault and have been fairly characteristic in terms of slip accumulation, with a typical lateral slip of ~4.0 m. The occurrence of the Beng Co earthquake represents a direct response to the Beng Co fault accommodating regional extrusion deformation caused by the rapid eastward movement of the eastern Qiangtang block. [Significance]This work not only facilitates the timely preservation of high-resolution 3D data of the co-seismic surface rupture associated with the Beng Co earthquake but also provides a basis for studying tectonic deformation and assessing seismic hazards in central Tibet.
- M 8.0 Beng Co earthquake /
- co-seismic surface rupture /
- cumulative offset probability distribution /
- central Tibet /
- ‌seismogenic background