Geophysical characteristics of the Terror Rift, West Antarctica
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摘要: 特拉裂谷是西南极裂谷系统在新生代发生张裂作用的最后地区，因此成为研究西南极裂谷系统构造活动的关键。文章利用中国南极科考采集的以及SDLS国际共享的地震数据，结合多个钻探计划的钻井等基础资料，统一了西罗斯海地区地震反射界面和地震层序。将研究区的断层组合样式分为同沉积断层、层间断层和负花状断层三类，并进一步划分了区内新生代断层活动的期次，圈定了特拉裂谷的影响范围。研究发现，每期断层活动具有明显的继承性，活动时间由北部阿黛尔盆地向南部特拉裂谷越来越新，呈递变性，这是裂谷作用从北向南逐渐传递的结果。为了更加全面地揭示研究区的综合地球物理特征，利用基于弹性板模型下的Fan小波相关技术获得了研究区有效弹性厚度的空间变化特征。结果显示，横贯南极山脉前缘的异常低值条带与晚新生代的裂谷活动和伴生的岩浆作用有关，并指示了西罗斯海的拉张区域。Abstract: In this paper, we investigated the Terror Rift where the last stage of Cenozoic rifting in the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS) took place. The International published and domestic sampled during CHARE seismic reflection profiles are utilized. Combining with drilling data, all the stratigraphic reflections are identified and unified in the entire study area for the subsequent interpretation. The rift fault patterns in the study area can be divided into syn-sedimentary faults, intra-layer faults and negative flower structure. According to faulting, we delineated the east and north boundary of the Terror Rift. Moreover, Cenozoic faulting activities are divided into three stages with strongly inheritance between each one of them. The timing of faulting activities gradually becomes younger from the Adare Basin in the north to the Terror Rift in the south, which is attributable to the transmission of rifting from north to south. In order to further reveal the geophysical characteristics of the study area, we investigated effective elastic thickness (EET) based on the fan wavelet transform technique. The anomalously low EET anomalies observed in the front of the Transantarctic Mountains(TAMs) is related to the rifting and magmatism in the late Cenozoic, probably indicating the extensional area of the western Ross Sea.
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Key words:
- West Antarctica /
- Terror Rift /
- seismic reflection profiles /
- faulting /
- effective elastic thickness
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图 1 西罗斯海构造区划图、火山岩露头和主要沉积盆地分布(据Salvini et al., 1997; Davey and De Santis, 2006; Damaske et al., 2008修改)
Figure 1. Tectonic framework of the western Ross Sea illustrating the distribution of igneous rocks and major sediment basins(modified after Salvini et al., 1997; Davey and De Santis, 2006; Damaske et al., 2008)
图 2 水深和关键测线位置图
a—全部测线位置图；b—32次南极科考测线位置图
Figure 2. Bathymetric map and location of the key survey lines
(a) Overview map of the western Ross Sea with seismic surveys referred to in this paper; (b) Detail location of the CHARE 32 lines near the Drygalski Tongue
图 3 西罗斯海钻孔岩芯地质年代和地震地层框架(据Cooper et al., 2008; Granot et al., 2010修改)
Figure 3. Stratigraphic sequence histogram of the western Ross Sea (modified after Cooper et al., 2008; Granot et al., 2010)
图 5 北西—南东向同沉积断层二维地震典型剖面
Figure 5. Seismic reflection profiles of NW-SE syn-sedimentary faults
图 6 北西—南东向层间断层二维地震典型剖面
Figure 6. Seismic reflection profiles of NW-SE intra-layer faults
图 7 北西—南东向负花状构造二维地震典型剖面
Figure 7. Seismic reflection profiles of NW-SE negative flower structures
图 8 SDLS公开数据阐释断层活动
a—特拉裂谷地震剖面(断层活动时间较晚，上新世之后才开始活跃)；b—阿黛尔盆地地震剖面(断层活动时间较早，主要在中新世)
Figure 8. Seismic line from SDLS illustrating faulting activity
(a) Seismic profile in the Terror Rift. The timing of fault activity is even later, and is still active after the Pliocene; (b) Seismic profile in the Adare Basin. The timing of fault activity is earlier, mostly from the Miocene.
图 9 特拉裂谷影响范围(水深图据徐泽等，2018修改)
Figure 9. Scale of the influence of the Terror Rift(Bathymetric map after Xu et al., 2018)
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