Natural gas distribution and reservoir-forming law of the Yinggehai Basin, China
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摘要: 油气勘探实践表明莺歌海盆地的天然气形成、分布及保存均与底辟区超压体系密切相关。文章根据地震、测井及地质资料与钻探成果，系统地分析总结了莺歌海盆地天然气生成、运聚及富集成藏特征。研究表明，莺歌海盆地天然气分布往往具有浅层气田沿中央泥底辟带分布、中深层岩性气藏分布于底辟构造翼部的特征，且具有"流体超压驱动、底辟裂缝输导、重力流扇体储集、高压泥岩封盖、天然气幕式脱溶成藏"的运聚成藏及富集规律。Abstract: Oil-gas exploration in the Yinggehai basin shows, the formation, distribution and preservation of oil and gas resources are closely related to the overpressure system in the diapir zone. We based our analysis of the characteristics of generation, migration and reservior-forming of oil and gas resources on a full integration of geological logging and seismic data as well as drilling outcomes in the Yinggehai basin. Our research results show that the distribution of natural gas, is generally characterized by shallow gas reservoir along the central mud diapir zone and middle deep lithologic gas reservoir along the limb of diaper zone. The reservior-forming and enrichment follows the law of "driven by overpressure, conduction via fracture of diapir, enrichment in fan deposit possessed by gravity flow, capping with high pressure mudstone, pool-forming of episodic water-soluble gas ".
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图 1 莺歌海盆地构造单元划分及油气田位置
Figure 1. Map showing tectonic units and locations of petroleum field in the Yinggehai Basin
图 2 中新统—渐新统不同组段和始新统烃源岩成熟度(RO)等值线图
a—梅山组; b—三亚组; c—陵水组; d—始新统
Figure 2. Contour maps showing the maturity (RO) of the source rocks of the Miocene and Oligocene in different formations and in the Eocene
(a)Meishan Formation; (b)Sanya Formation; (c)Lingshui Formation; (d)Eocene
图 3 莺歌海盆地中新统梅山组一段—上新统莺歌海组层序地层格架
Figure 3. Sequence stratigraphic framework of the first member of the Miocene Meishan Formation—Pliocene Yinggehai Formation in the Yinggehai Basin
图 5 莺歌海盆地中央泥底辟带东方区晚中新世—上新世海底扇沉积模式
Figure 5. Sedimentary patterns of late Miocene—Pliocene submarine fans in the eastern zone of the central mud diapir zone in the Yinggehai Basin
图 6 中央泥底辟带乐东区浅层气田群储层沉积及分布模式
Figure 6. Reservoir deposition and distribution model of shallow gas field group in the Ledong area of the central mud diapir zone
图 7 莺歌海盆地中央泥底辟带微断裂系统与浅层天然气流井分布关系
红色模糊区代表微裂隙发育区
Figure 7. Relationship between the microfracture system in the central mud diapir zone and the distribution of shallow natural gas flow wells in the Yinggehai Basin
Note: The red fuzzy area represents the microfissure area
图 8 过东方1-1构造相干体三维及平面显示图
Figure 8. Three-dimensional and planar display of the coherence volume passing through the Dongfang 1-1 structure
(a) Three-dimensional display of the coherence volume; (b) Variance slice at 3000 ms
表 1 东方区高温超压气藏盖层与天然气微观封闭能力特征对比表
Table 1. Parameter comparison table for cap rock of gas reservoir with high temperature and over pressure vesus micro-sealing capacity
井号 气组 盖层突破压力/MPa 储层排替压力/MPa 平均压力比值 测井解释 DF-A Ⅰ 2.338~11.84 0.02~0.059 161.25 气层 DF-B Ⅰ 2.645~7.425 0.001~0.199 150.17 气层 DF-C Ⅱ 15.61~29.67 0.002~0.67 94.09 气层、气水同层、含气水层、水层 DF-D Ⅰ 15.61~29.67 0.002~0.67 596.25 气层 DF-E Ⅱb 20.76~83.04 0.003~0.94 662.11 气层 DF-F Ⅰ 5.367~98.69 0.007~0.866 1283.86 气层 DF-G Ⅱb 4.38~98.70 0.02~0.71 1093.71 气层 DF-H T30-A1 0.742~8.203 0.023~0.73 4.80 差气层 DF-I T30-A5 1.09~9.09 0.005~1.091 43.73 含气水层 
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表 2 东方区高温超压气藏盖层与天然气宏观封闭能力特征对比表
Table 2. Parameter comparison table for cap rock of gas reservoir with high temperature and over pressure vesus macro-sealing capacity
井号 地层压力系数 地层构造倾角 气藏剩余压力/MPa 盖层封闭压力/MPa 破裂压力/MPa 储层流体压力/MPa DF-A 1.96 3.4° 31.51 27.93 69.66 64.33 DF-B 1.90 1.9° 25.47 27.47 61.36 53.78 DF-C 1.93 1.9° 26.73 27.75 62.84 55.47 DF-D 1.97 1.9° 28.03 29.22 62.07 56.93 DF-E 1.76 1.1° 22.34 32.34 61.74 53.00 DF-F 1.82 1.1° 23.30 34.75 62.52 52.70
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